Jonathan wrote:
we need here sip:+1-232-555-1234 at foo.com;user=phone with
the same number to indicate the foo.com domain of the carrier
This is basically the essential information
Right, and this is an address.
Ok, let's say it is an address (in IETF terminology)
Just for avoidance of doubt:
A construct like sip:+1-232-555-1234 at foo.com;user=phone
does NOT indicate that foo.com is necessarily the
carrier-of-record hosting the E.164 number. Therefor
your next statement does not hold for the to-field
(it may be true for the from field)
Given this, the meaning of sip:<phone-number>@domain;user=phone
means
that the domain is asserting ownership of the identity in the user
part,
in this case a global phone number. As such, its appropriate to use
this
form only when it is authoritatively known that the domain in
question
"owns" that phone number.
Examples: this URI may be used to send a request from a UA to his proxy
in which case foo.com in most case does not have the ownership,
it is just indicating the digit dialled.
It is also used to send an invite to a gateway to the PSTN,
etc.