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Motivation “Access’’ links mostly refer to wireless links 3G (UMTS, CDMA 2000) 802.11 Satellite but applies also to wireline links such as dialup and even cable These links exhibit many problems that affect end-to-end transport-level performance High loss: up to 10-2 High latency and variability of latency: up to 100s of ms Low bandwidth Variable bandwidth: adaptive multi-rate Intermittent connectivity: temporal signal lull due to mobility |