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Case 1: MN-initiated session Before sending data to CN, MN discovers HAOR MN bootstraps with HAOR and obtains HoAOR MN uses HAOR in bi-directional tunneling mode and HoAOR for the session with CN MN keeps registrations with other HAs, such as HAIR MN CN HAOR HAOR discovery MIP bootstrapping (incl. obtaining HoAOR) BU (HoAOR, CoA) Data packets Decision to optimize route Session starts(sending from HoAOR) |