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Why we need explicit routing? VISITED NETWORK | HOME NETWORK | +--------+ +--------+ | +--------+ | Client |<--->| Relay1 |<----->| Proxy1 | +--------+ +--------+ | +--------+\ \ | \+-------------+ \ | | Home Server | \| /+-------------+ \ +--------+/ |---| Proxy2 | | +--------+ The relay can route request messages to either of the proxies, independent of the session. A stateful proxy which received the first message of the session however, may want to be in path for all subsequent requests of the session; for collecting charging information, enforcing local policies etc. An example for stateful proxy is in WLAN 3GPP ip access. |