To Evade Filters, Spam = Fraud Source and hypertext links are anonymous, transient or falsified Free email accounts; anonymous credit cards; mail relays; obfuscated URLs; encrypted source code; DNS servers turned on/off; false domain name registrations (ICANN 9/02 action Verisign) Third Party Conspirators Provide Cover Spam Houses make $10,000/month to host webpages and hide identities of spammers (“I terminated him and deleted his info”) Affiliate Program Operators – in search of plausible deniability |