Network Working Group A. Zinin Internet-Draft Alcatel Intended status: Standards Track A. Roy Expires: August 15, 2008 L. Nguyen Cisco Systems B. Friedman Redback Networks D. Young February 12, 2008 OSPF Link-local Signaling draft-ietf-ospf-lls-04.txt Status of this Memo By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she becomes aware will be disclosed, in accordance with Section 6 of BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet- Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt. The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html. This Internet-Draft will expire on August 15, 2008. Copyright Notice Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2008). Zinin, et al. Expires August 15, 2008 [Page 1] Internet-Draft OSPF Link-local Signaling February 2008 Abstract OSPF is a link-state intra-domain routing protocol. OSPF routers exchange information on a link using packets that follow a well- defined fixed format. The format is not flexible enough to enable new features which need to exchange arbitrary data. This document describes a backward-compatible technique to perform link-local signaling, i.e., exchange arbitrary data on a link. Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1. Requirements notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Proposed solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.1. Options Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.2. LLS Data Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.3. LLS TLVs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.4. Extended Options TLV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.5. Cryptographic Authentication TLV (OSPFv2 ONLY) . . . . . . 7 3. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 4. Compatibility Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 6. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 6.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 6.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Appendix A. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . . . 15 Zinin, et al. Expires August 15, 2008 [Page 2] Internet-Draft OSPF Link-local Signaling February 2008 1. Introduction This document describes an extension to OSPFv2 [OSPFV2] and OSPFv3 [OSPFV3] allowing additional information to be exchanged between routers on the same link. OSPFv2 and OSPFv3 packet formats are fixed and do not allow for extension. This document proposes appending an optional data block composed of Type/Length/Value (TLV) triplets to existing OSPFv2 and OSPFv3 packets to carry this additional information. Throughout this document, OSPF will be used when the specification is applicable to both OSPFv2 and OSPFv3. Similarly, OSPFv2 or OSPFv3 will be used when the text is protocol specific. One potential way of solving this task could be introducing a new packet type. However, that would mean introducing extra packets on the network which may not be desirable and may cause backward compatibility issues. This document describes how to exchange data using standard OSPF packet types. 1.1. Requirements notation The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [KEY]. Zinin, et al. Expires August 15, 2008 [Page 3] Internet-Draft OSPF Link-local Signaling February 2008 2. Proposed solution To perform link-local signaling (LLS), OSPF routers add a special data block to the end of OSPF packets or right after the authentication data block when cryptographic authentication is used. The length of the LLS block is not included into the length of OSPF packet, but is included in the IPv4/IPv6 packet length. Figure 1 illustrates how the LLS data block is attached. +---------------------+ -- -- +---------------------+ | IP Header | ^ ^ | IPv6 Header | | Length = HL+X+Y+Z | | Header Length | | Length = HL+X+Y | | | v v | | +---------------------+ -- -- +---------------------+ | OSPF Header | ^ ^ | OSPFv3 Header | | Length = X | | | | Length = X | |.....................| | X | X |.....................| | | | | | | | OSPFv2 Data | | | | OSPFv3 Data | | | v v | | +---------------------+ -- -- +---------------------+ | | ^ ^ | | | Authentication Data | | Y | Y | LLS Data | | | v v | | +---------------------+ -- -- +---------------------+ | | ^ | LLS Data | | Z | | v +---------------------+ -- Figure 1: LLS Data Block in OSPFv2 and OSPFv3 The LLS data block MAY be attached to OSPF Hello and DD packets. The data included in LLS block attached to a Hello packet MAY be used for dynamic signaling since Hello packets may be sent at any time in time. However, delivery of LLS data in Hello packets is not guaranteed. The data sent with DD packets is guaranteed to be delivered as part of the adjacency forming process. This document does not specify how the data transmitted by the LLS mechanism should be interpreted by OSPF routers. The interface between the OSPF LLS component and its clients is implementation specific. Zinin, et al. Expires August 15, 2008 [Page 4] Internet-Draft OSPF Link-local Signaling February 2008 2.1. Options Field A new L bit (L stands for LLS) is introduced to OSPF Options field (see Figure 2a/2b). Routers set the L bit in Hello and DD packets to indicate that the packet contains LLS data block. In other words, LLS data block is only examined if the L bit is set. +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | * | O | DC| L |N/P| MC| E | * | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+-+-+ Figure 2a: OSPFv2 Options field 0 1 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+--+-+-+--+--+--+--+--+--+ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |L|AF|*|*|DC| R| N|MC| E|V6| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+--+-+-+--+--+--+--+--+--+ Figure 2b: OSPFv3 Options field The L bit is only set in Hello and DD packets. 2.2. LLS Data Block The data block used for link-local signaling is formatted as described below (see Figure 3 for illustration). 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Checksum | LLS Data Length | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | | LLS TLVs | . . . . . . +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Figure 3: Format of LLS Data Block The Checksum field contains the standard IP checksum for the entire contents of the LLS block. Zinin, et al. Expires August 15, 2008 [Page 5] Internet-Draft OSPF Link-local Signaling February 2008 The 16-bit LLS Data Length field contains the length (in 32-bit words) of the LLS block including the header and payload. Implementations MUST NOT use the Length field in the IP packet header to determine the length of the LLS data block. Note that if the OSPF packet is cryptographically authenticated, the LLS data block MUST also be cryptographically authenticated. In this case, the regular LLS checksum is not calculated and the LLS block will contain a cryptographic authentication TLV (see Section 2.5). The rest of the block contains a set of Type/Length/Value (TLV) triplets as described in Section 2.3. All TLVs MUST be 32-bit aligned (with padding if necessary). 2.3. LLS TLVs The contents of LLS data block is constructed using TLVs. See Figure 4 for the TLV format. The type field contains the TLV ID which is unique for each type of TLVs. The Length field contains the length of the Value field (in bytes). The value field is variable and contains arbitrary data. 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Type | Length | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | . . . Value . . . +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Figure 4: Format of LLS TLVs Note that TLVs are always padded to 32-bit boundary, but padding bytes are not included in TLV Length field (though they are included in the LLS Data Length field in the LLS block header). 2.4. Extended Options TLV This subsection describes a TLV called the Extended Options (EO) TLV. The format of EO-TLV is shown in Figure 5. Bits in the Value field do not have any semantics from the point of view of the LLS mechanism. This field MAY be used to announce some OSPF capabilities that are link-specific. Also, other OSPF Zinin, et al. Expires August 15, 2008 [Page 6] Internet-Draft OSPF Link-local Signaling February 2008 extensions MAY allocate bits in the bit vector to perform boolean link-local signaling. The length of the Value field in the EO-TLV is 4 bytes. The value of the type field in the EO-TLV is 1. The EO-TLV MUST only appear once in the LLS data block. 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 1 | 4 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Extended Options | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Figure 5: Format of EO TLV Currently, [OOB] and [RESTART] use bits in the Extended Options field of the EO-TLV. The Extended Options bits are defined in Section 3. 2.5. Cryptographic Authentication TLV (OSPFv2 ONLY) This document defines a special TLV that is used for cryptographic authentication (CA-TLV) of the LLS data block. This TLV MUST be included in the LLS block when the cryptographic (MD5) authentication is enabled on the corresponding interface. The message digest of the LLS block MUST be calculated using the same key and authentication algorithm as used for the OSPFv2 packet. The cryptographic sequence number is included in the TLV and MUST be the same as the one in the OSPFv2 authentication data for the LLS block to be considered authentic. The TLV is constructed as shown in Figure 6. Zinin, et al. Expires August 15, 2008 [Page 7] Internet-Draft OSPF Link-local Signaling February 2008 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 2 | AuthLen | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Sequence number | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | . . . AuthData . . . +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Figure 6: Format of Cryptographic Authentication TLV The value of the Type field for the CA-TLV is 2. The Length field in the header contains the length of the data portion of the TLV including 4 bytes for Sequence Number and the length of the message digest (MD5) block for the whole LLS block in bytes (this will always be 16 bytes for MD5). Hence, the AuthLen field will be 20 for MD5 cryptographic authentication. The Sequence Number field contains the cryptographic sequence number that is used to prevent simple replay attacks. For the LLS block to be considered authentic, the Sequence Number in the CA-TLV MUST match the Sequence Number in the OSPFv2 packet header Authentication field. In the event of Sequence Number mismatch or Authentication failure, the whole LLS block MUST be ignored. The AuthData contains the message digest calculated for the LLS data block. The CA-TLV MUST only appear once in the the LLS block. Also, when present, this TLV SHOULD be the last TLV in the LLS block. Zinin, et al. Expires August 15, 2008 [Page 8] Internet-Draft OSPF Link-local Signaling February 2008 3. IANA Considerations LLS TLV types are maintained by the IANA. Extensions to OSPF which require a new LLS TLV type MUST be reviewed by an designated expert from the routing area. Following the policies outlined in [IANA], LLS type values in the range of 0-32767 are allocated through an IETF Consensus action and LLS type values in the range of 32768-65536 are reserved for private and experimental use. This document assigns the following LLS TLV types in OSPFv2/OSPFv3. TLV Type Name Reference 0 Reserved 1 Extended Options [RFCNNNN]* 2 Cryptographic Authentication+ [RFCNNNN]* 3-32767 Reserved for assignment by the IANA 32768-65535 Private Use *[RFCNNNN] refers to the RFC number-to-be for this document. + Cryptographic Authentication TLV is only defined for OSPFv2 This document also assigns the following bits for the Extended Options bits field in the EO-TLV outlined in Section 2.5: Extended Options Bit Name Reference 0x00000001 LSDB Resynchronization (LR) [OOB] 0x00000002 Restart Signal (RS-bit) [RESTART] Other Extended Options bits will be allocated through an IETF consensus action. Zinin, et al. Expires August 15, 2008 [Page 9] Internet-Draft OSPF Link-local Signaling February 2008 4. Compatibility Issues The modifications to OSPF packet formats are compatible with standard OSPF since OSPF router not supporting LLS will ignore the LLS data block after the OSPF packet or cryptographic message digest. Zinin, et al. Expires August 15, 2008 [Page 10] Internet-Draft OSPF Link-local Signaling February 2008 5. Security Considerations The described technique provides the same level of security as OSPFv2 protocol by allowing LLS data to be authenticated using the same cryptographic authentication that OSPFv2 uses (see Section 2.5 for more details). OSPFv3 utilizes IPSec for authentication and encryption [OSPFV3AUTH]. With IPsec, the AH (Authentication Header), ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload), or both are applied to the entire OSPFv3 payload including the LLS block. Zinin, et al. Expires August 15, 2008 [Page 11] Internet-Draft OSPF Link-local Signaling February 2008 6. References 6.1. Normative References [IANA] Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", RFC 2334, October 1998. [KEY] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFC's to Indicate Requirement Levels", RFC 2119, March 1997. [OSPFV2] Moy, J., "OSPF Version 2", RFC 2328, April 1998. [OSPFV3] Coltun, R., Ferguson, D., and J. Moy, "OSPF for IPv6", RFC 2740, December 1999. [OSPFV3AUTH] Gupta, M. and N. Melam, "Authentication/Confidentiality for OSPFv3", RFC 4552, June 2006. 6.2. Informative References [OOB] Zinin, A., Roy, A., and L. Nguyen, "OSPF Out-of-band LSDB resynchronization", RFC 4811, March 2007. [RESTART] Zinin, A., Roy, A., and L. Nguyen, "OSPF Restart Signaling", RFC 4812, March 2007. Zinin, et al. Expires August 15, 2008 [Page 12] Internet-Draft OSPF Link-local Signaling February 2008 Appendix A. Acknowledgements The authors would like to acknowledge Russ White and Acee Lindem for their thoughtful review of this document. Zinin, et al. Expires August 15, 2008 [Page 13] Internet-Draft OSPF Link-local Signaling February 2008 Authors' Addresses Alex Zinin Alcatel Sunnyvale USA Email: zinin@psg.com Abhay Roy Cisco Systems 170 West Tasman Drive San Jose, CA 95134 USA Email: akr@cisco.com Liem Nguyen Cisco Systems 170 West Tasman Drive San Jose, CA 95134 USA Email: lhnguyen@cisco.com Barry Friedman Redback Networks 100 Headquarters Drive San Jose, CA 95134 USA Email: friedman@redback.com Derek Young Email: derekmyeung@yahoo.com Zinin, et al. Expires August 15, 2008 [Page 14] Internet-Draft OSPF Link-local Signaling February 2008 Full Copyright Statement Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2008). This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors retain all their rights. 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Information on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be found in BCP 78 and BCP 79. Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of such proprietary rights by implementers or users of this specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR repository at http://www.ietf.org/ipr. The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary rights that may cover technology that may be required to implement this standard. Please address the information to the IETF at ietf-ipr@ietf.org. Acknowledgment Funding for the RFC Editor function is provided by the IETF Administrative Support Activity (IASA). Zinin, et al. Expires August 15, 2008 [Page 15]