Network Working Group Aldri L. dos Santos Expires July 01, 2002 Federal University of Parana' Internet Draft Elias P. Duarte Jr. Federal University of Parana' Glenn Mansfield Cyber Solutions, inc. A Clustering Architecture for Replicating Managed Objects Status of this Memo This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with all provisions of Section 10 of RFC 2026. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html Distribution of this document is unlimited. Please send comments to Federal University at Parana . Copyright Notice Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2001). All Rights Reserved. Abstract This memo defines a portion of the Management Information Base (MIB) for replicating managed objects. In particular, it describes a set of objects that are used for supporting object replication based on an clustering architecture. Aldri, Elias & Glenn [Page 1] Internet-Draft Replication MIB January 2002 Table of Contents 1. Introduction .................................................. 3 2. The SNMP Management Framework ................................. 3 3. A Clustering Architecture for Replicating Managed Objects ..... 4 3.1. The Architecture ............................................. 4 3.2. Usage Example ................................................ 5 4. Definitions ...................................................10 5. Security Considerations .......................................25 6. Intellectual Property .........................................26 7. References ....................................................27 8. Authors's Address .............................................30 9. Full Copyright Statement ......................................31 Aldri, Elias & Glenn [Page 2] Internet-Draft Replication MIB January 2002 1. Introduction This memo defines a portion of the Management Information Base (MIB) for replicating managed objects. In particular, it describes a set of objects that are used for supporting object replication based on an clustering architecture. The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [1]. 2. The SNMP Management Framework The SNMP Management Framework presently consists of five major components: o An overall architecture, described in RFC 2571 [2]. o Mechanisms for describing and naming objects and events for the purpose of management. The first version of this Structure of Management Information (SMI) is called SMIv1 and described in STD 16, RFC 1155 [3], STD 16, RFC 1212 [4] and RFC 1215 [5]. The second version, called SMIv2, is described in STD 58, RFC 2578 [6], STD 58, RFC 2579 [7] and STD 58, RFC 2580 [8]. o Message protocols for transferring management information. The first version of the SNMP message protocol is called SNMPv1 and described in STD 15, RFC 1157 [9]. A second version of the SNMP message protocol, which is not an Internet standards track protocol, is called SNMPv2c and described in RFC 1901 [10] and RFC 1906 [11]. The third version of the message protocol is called SNMPv3 and described in RFC 1906 [11], RFC 2572 [12] and RFC 2574 [13]. o Protocol operations for accessing management information. The first set of protocol operations and associated PDU formats is described in STD 15, RFC 1157 [9]. A second set of protocol operations and associated PDU formats is described in RFC 1905 [14]. o A set of fundamental applications described in RFC 2573 [15] and the view-based access control mechanism described in RFC 2575 [16]. A more detailed introduction to the current SNMP Management Framework can be found in RFC 2570 [17]. Aldri, Elias & Glenn [Page 3] Internet-Draft Replication MIB January 2002 Managed objects are accessed via a virtual information store, termed the Management Information Base or MIB. Objects in the MIB are defined using the mechanisms defined in the SMI. This memo specifies a MIB module that is compliant to the SMIv2. A MIB conforming to the SMIv1 can be produced through the appropriate translations. The resulting translated MIB must be semantically equivalent, except where objects or events are omitted because no translation is possible (use of Counter64). Some machine readable information in SMIv2 will be converted into textual descriptions in SMIv1 during the translation process. However, this loss of machine readable information is not considered to change the semantics of the MIB. 3. A Clustering Architecture for Replicating Managed Objects The goal of this document is to define a replication architecture which supports the replication of objects in order to keep managed objects available in critical situations in which the network entities are unreachable [18]. Replication [19] is a useful tool which has been applied to introduce fault tolerance in both distributed systems and databases, where it also aims at improving performance [20]. Replication is the process of making a replica (a copy) of resources, processes or data. Although it is an intuitive concept, replication requires sophisticated techniques for successful implementation in a distributed system [21]. The replication technique used in this architecture is known as semi-active replication [20, 22], which is a hybrid approach involving characteristics of both active and passive replication [23]. In this technique, replicated data can be accessed through any replica member. However, only the original replica owner, known as the leader, determines the order in which the replica is updated. 3.1. The Architecture The proposed architecture is structured in three layers, as shown in figure 1 and described below. The three layers are called the cluster member layer, the cluster layer and the manager layer, respectively. The clustering approach is similar to the one introduced in [24]. o The lower layer keeps management entities called cluster members. Those entities have their managed objects monitored and replicated in a cluster, as defined below. Aldri, Elias & Glenn [Page 4] Internet-Draft Replication MIB January 2002 o The middle layer keeps management entities called clusters. Each cluster has the task of monitoring a subset of managed objects of a set of management entities and replicating those objects in other clusters. o In the upper layer keeps Management Applications (MA) which define management clusters, their purpose as well as other clusters that maintain replicas of the objects monitored by the defined clusters. ___________ | | +-----<---| MA |--->----+ | |___________| | | | +--------V------------------------------V-----------+ | +--------------+ REPLICATION +--------------+ | | | CLUSTERi(Ci) |<=============>| CLUSTERj(Cj) | | | +-----+--------+ +-----+--------+ | +--------|------------------------------|-----------+ | | +-------V-----------+ +---------V---------+ | [Memb1] | | [Memb4] | | [Memb2] | | [Memb3] | +-------------------+ +-------------------+ CLUSTER MEMBERS CLUSTER MEMBERS Figure 1: The Replication Architecture. This architecture also allows different means of communication to be used to send instances of replicated objects among the clusters. We propose the use of a group communication protocol [25, 26, 27] for that purpose, due to the properties and services which can be offered by such a protocol (e.g. reliable multicast, group membership, etc.) 3.2. Usage Example This subsection presents an example of how the proposed architecture is used to replicate managed objects in the case shown in figure 1. Two clusters (Ci and Cj) are defined with the purpose of monitoring and replicating managed objects of their cluster members (Memb1, Memb2, Memb3 and Memb4). In order to avoid a lenghthy description, only one specific object (ifInOctets) is replicated. The Cluster Table is defined and kept by the Management Application (MA). This table contains the definition of clusters, the replicated objects, and monitored members. The Member Table, Replicated Object Table and Peer Table are used by the cluster to monitor and replicate managed Aldri, Elias & Glenn [Page 5] Internet-Draft Replication MIB January 2002 objects. The Replica Table in each cluster keeps the replicated instances of managed objects. The table below is an example of a Cluster Table in which a Management Application defines two clusters (Ci and Cj) each with two members (Memb1 and Memb2; Memb3 and Memb4, respectively). OID refers to the replicated object as well as Instance Index refers to instance of the replicated object. RepCID is the identifier of the cluster in which the object is replicated. Name refers to the human manager, Descr contains a description and Status indicates that the cluster is active. +---------------------------------------------------- |Cluster Table +------+---+---------+-------+-----------+--------+-- | Index| ID| Address| Address| Member| Member| | | | Type| | Type| | +------+---+---------+---------+---------+--------+-- | 1| Ci| ipv4(1)| 10.0.0.1| ipv4(1)| Mb1| | 2| Ci| ipv4(1)| 10.0.0.1| ipv4(1)| Mb1| | 3| Ci| ipv4(1)| 10.0.0.1| ipv4(1)| Mb2| | 4| Ci| ipv4(1)| 10.0.0.1| ipv4(1)| Mb2| | 5| Cj| ipv4(1)| 10.0.0.2| ipv4(1)| Mb3| | 6| Cj| ipv4(1)| 10.0.0.2| ipv4(1)| Mb4| +------+---+---------+---------+---------+--------+-- -------------------------------------------------------+ Cluster Table (Cont') | -----------+---------+-------+-----+--------+----------+ OID| Instance| RepCID| Name| Descr| Status| | Index| | | | | -----------+---------+-------+-----+--------+----------+ ifInOctets| 1| Cj| John| example| active(1)| ifInOctets| 2| Cj| John| example| active(1)| ifInOctets| 1| Cj| John| example| active(1)| ifInOctets| 2| Cj| John| example| active(1)| ifInOctets| 1| Ci| John| example| active(1)| ifInOctets| 1| Ci| John| example| active(1)| -----------+---------+-------+-----+--------+----------+ Each cluster keeps three tables: the Member Table, which keeps the identifiers of the cluster's members; the Replicated Object Table which keeps the managed objects OID's; and the Peer Table keeps the identifier of the peer clusters that keep managed object replicas. An example of the three tables in CLUSTERi is shown below. Aldri, Elias & Glenn [Page 6] Internet-Draft Replication MIB January 2002 +----------------------------------------------------------+ |Member Table | +------+-------------+---------------+----------+----------+ | Index| Address Type| Address| Security| Status| +------+-------------+---------------+----------+----------+ | 1| ipv4(1)| 10.0.0.3 (Mb1)| community| active(1)| | 2| ipv4(1)| 10.0.0.4 (Mb2)| community| active(1)| +------+-------------+---------------+----------+----------+ In the Replicated Object Table below, the Instance Index refers to instance of the managed object which is replicated. The Interval refers to the checkpointing interval which is used to replicate instances of the managed objects.The active State indicates that the managed object is being replicated. The active Status indicates that the row information is complete. +-------------------------------------------------------------------+ |Replicated Object Table | +------+-----------+---------------+----------+----------+----------+ | Index| OID| Instance Index| Interval| State| Status| +------+-----------+---------------+----------+----------+----------+ | 1| ifInOctets| 1 | 2 seconds| active(1)| active(1)| | 2| ifInOctets| 2 | 2 seconds| active(1)| active(1)| +------+-----------+---------------+----------+----------+----------+ This example Peer Table indicates that cluster Cj is being used to replicate managed objects. ROIndex indicates which objects are being replicated. The Status is active when row information is complete. +-------------------------------------------------------+ |Peer Table | +------+-------------+--------------+--------+----------+ | Index| Address Type| Address| ROIndex| Status| +------+-------------+--------------+--------+----------+ | 1| ipv4(1)| 10.0.0.2 (Cj)| 1| active(1)| | 2| ipv4(1)| 10.0.0.2 (Cj)| 2| active(1)| +------+-------------+--------------+--------+----------+ After all tables are defined, the Replica Table is created and keeps replicated instances of managed objects. Each row has information about the peer clusters which replicate the managed objects, the objects original member Address, the object OID, its Instance Index, Value, Type and respective TimeStamp, and the Status which is active when information has been properly updated. Aldri, Elias & Glenn [Page 7] Internet-Draft Replication MIB January 2002 +------------------------------------------------------------------- |Replica Table +------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----------+---------+-- | Index| Address| Peer| Member| Member| Instance| Instance| | | Type| Address| Type| Address| OID| Index| +------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----------+---------+-- | 1| ipv4(1)| Ci| ipv4(1)| Mb1| ifInOctets| 1| | 2| ipv4(1)| Ci| ipv4(1)| Mb1| ifInOctets| 2| | 3| ipv4(1)| Ci| ipv4(1)| Mb2| ifInOctets| 1| | 4| ipv4(1)| Ci| ipv4(1)| Mb2| ifInOctets| 2| | 5| ipv4(1)| Cj| ipv4(1)| Mb3| ifInOctets| 1| | 6| ipv4(1)| Cj| ipv4(1)| Mb4| ifInOctets| 1| +------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----------+---------+-- ------------------------------------------------------+ Replica Table (Cont') | ------+-------------+----------------------+----------+ Value| Value| TimeStamp| Status| | Type| | | ------+-------------+----------------------+----------+ 124| counter32(4)| Timeticks: 0:00:35.24| active(1)| 145| counter32(4)| Timeticks: 0:00:36.83| active(1)| 120| counter32(4)| Timeticks: 0:00:37.89| active(1)| 123| counter32(4)| Timeticks: 0:00:38.89| active(1)| 200| counter32(4)| Timeticks: 0:00:32.17| active(1)| 300| counter32(4)| Timeticks: 0:00:33.77| active(1)| ------+----------------------+-------------+----------+ All tables kept by CLUSTERj are analogous and shown below: +----------------------------------------------------------+ |Member Table | +------+-------------++--------------+----------+----------+ | Index| Address Type| Address| Security| Status| +------+-------------+---------------+----------+----------+ | 1| ipv4(1)| 10.0.0.5 (Mb3)| community| active(1)| | 2| ipv4(1)| 10.0.0.6 (Mb4)| community| active(1)| +------+-------------+---------------+----------+----------+ +-------------------------------------------------------------------+ |Replicated Object Table | +------+-----------+---------------+----------+----------+----------+ | Index| OID| Instance Index| Interval| State| Status| +------+-----------+---------------+----------+----------+----------+ | 1| ifInOctets| 1| 5 seconds| active(1)| active(1)| +------+-----------+---------------+----------+----------+----------+ Aldri, Elias & Glenn [Page 8] Internet-Draft Replication MIB January 2002 +-------------------------------------------------------+ |Peer Table | +------+-------------+--------------+--------+----------+ | Index| Address Type| Address| ROIndex| Status| +------+-------------+--------------+--------+----------+ | 1| ipv4(1)| 10.0.0.1 (Ci)| 1| active(1)| +------+-------------+--------------+--------+----------+ +------------------------------------------------------------------- |Replica Table +------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----------+---------+-- | Index| Address| Peer| Member| Member| Instance| Instance| | | Type| Address| Type| Address| OID| Index| +------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----------+---------+-- | 1| ipv4(1)| Ci| ipv4(1)| Mb1| ifInOctets| 1| | 2| ipv4(1)| Ci| ipv4(1)| Mb1| ifInOctets| 2| | 3| ipv4(1)| Ci| ipv4(1)| Mb2| ifInOctets| 1| | 4| ipv4(1)| Ci| ipv4(1)| Mb2| ifInOctets| 2| | 5| ipv4(1)| Cj| ipv4(1)| Mb3| ifInOctets| 1| | 6| ipv4(1)| Cj| ipv4(1)| Mb4| ifInOctets| 1| +------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----------+---------+-- ------------------------------------------------------+ Replica Table (Cont') | ------+-------------+----------------------+----------+ Value| Value| TimeStamp| Status| | Type| | | ------+-------------+----------------------+----------+ 124| counter32(4)| Timeticks: 0:00:32.26| active(1)| 145| counter32(4)| Timeticks: 0:00:33.83| active(1)| 120| counter32(4)| Timeticks: 0:00:34.90| active(1)| 123| counter32(4)| Timeticks: 0:00:35.72| active(1)| 200| counter32(4)| Timeticks: 0:00:27.17| active(1)| 300| counter32(4)| Timeticks: 0:00:37.78| active(1)| ------+----------------------+-------------+----------+ Aldri, Elias & Glenn [Page 9] Internet-Draft Replication MIB January 2002 4. Definitions REPLIC-MIB DEFINITIONS ::= BEGIN IMPORTS MODULE-IDENTITY, OBJECT-TYPE, Unsigned32, enterprises FROM SNMPv2-SMI RowStatus, TimeStamp FROM SNMPv2-TC MODULE-COMPLIANCE, OBJECT-GROUP FROM SNMPv2-CONF InetAddressType, InetAddress FROM INET-ADDRESS-MIB SnmpAdminString FROM SNMP-FRAMEWORK-MIB; replicMIB MODULE-IDENTITY LAST-UPDATED "200111010000Z" ORGANIZATION "Federal University of Parana' - Dept. Informatics" CONTACT-INFO "Aldri L. Santos Elias P. Duarte Jr. Federal University of Parana' Dept. Informatics P.O. Box 19018 Curitiba, PR 81531-990 Brazil Phone: +55-41-267-5244 Email: {aldri, elias}@inf.ufpr.br Glenn Mansfield Cyber Solutions Inc. ICR Bldg. 3F 6-6-3 Minami Yoshinari Aoba-ku Sendai-shi Miyagi Japan Phone: +81-22-303-4012 Email: cyber@cysol.co.jp" DESCRIPTION " This MIB module defines a set of objects that supports object replication in a three-layer clustering architecture." ::= { xxx yyy } -- to be assigned by IANA Aldri, Elias & Glenn [Page 10] Internet-Draft Replication MIB January 2002 -- -- The groups defined within this MIB definition: -- replicObjects OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { replicMIB 1 } replicConformance OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { replicMIB 2 } clusterDefinition OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { replicObjects 1 } clusterReplication OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { replicObjects 2 } clusterTable OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF ClusterEntry MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION " This table allows the definition of agent clusters, which are used to monitor and replicate objects from other agents, providing alternative means of accessing information from those agents when they are unreachable." ::= { clusterDefinition 1 } clusterEntry OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX ClusterEntry MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION " Each entry contains the definition of an agent cluster, its members and replicated objects." INDEX { clusterID, clusterIndex } ::= { clusterTable 1 } ClusterEntry ::= SEQUENCE { clusterIndex Unsigned32, clusterID Unsigned32, clusterAddressType InetAddressType, clusterAddress InetAddress, clusterMemberType InetAddressType, clusterMember InetAddress, clusterOID OBJECT IDENTIFIER, clusterInstanceIndex OBJECT IDENTIFIER, clusterRepClusterID Unsigned32, clusterName SnmpAdminString, clusterDescr SnmpAdminString, clusterStatus RowStatus } clusterIndex OBJECT-TYPE Aldri, Elias & Glenn [Page 11] Internet-Draft Replication MIB January 2002 SYNTAX Unsigned32 MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION " Unique value which identifies a cluster table entry." ::= { clusterEntry 1 } clusterID OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX Unsigned32 MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION " The unique identifier of a cluster that is defined for monitoring a subset of agents and replicating some of their objects." ::= { clusterEntry 2 } clusterAddressType OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX InetAddressType MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION " The type of address in clusterAddress." ::= { clusterEntry 3 } clusterAddress OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX InetAddress MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION " The IP address of a agent that monitors a set of agents and replicates their objects on its peer clusters." ::= { clusterEntry 4 } clusterMemberType OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX InetAddressType MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION " The type of address in clusterMember." ::= { clusterEntry 5 } clusterMember OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX InetAddress MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION " The IP address of an agent which has its objects monitored Aldri, Elias & Glenn [Page 12] Internet-Draft Replication MIB January 2002 and replicated by the cluster." ::= { clusterEntry 6 } clusterOID OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX OBJECT IDENTIFIER MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION " The instance identifier of a replicated managed object. For example: ifInOctets " ::= { clusterEntry 7 } clusterInstanceIndex OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX OBJECT IDENTIFIER MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION " Unique identifier of an instance index of a replicated managed object." ::= { clusterEntry 8 } clusterRepClusterID OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX Unsigned32 MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION " Identifier of a peer cluster which keeps replica of managed objects kept by the current cluster." ::= { clusterEntry 9 } clusterName OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX SnmpAdminString MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION " The human manager responsible for the cluster." ::= { clusterEntry 10 } clusterDescr OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX SnmpAdminString MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION " Description of the purpose of the cluster." ::= { clusterEntry 11 } clusterStatus OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX RowStatus Aldri, Elias & Glenn [Page 13] Internet-Draft Replication MIB January 2002 MAX-ACCESS read-create STATUS current DESCRIPTION " The status of this cluster entry. To create a row in this table, a manager must set this object to either createAndGo(4) or createAndWait(5). This object may not be active(1) until instances of all other objects are appropriately configured. Its value, meanwhile, is notReady(2)." ::= { clusterEntry 12 } memberTable OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF MemberEntry MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION " This table contains information that defines the set of agents monitored by the cluster." ::={ clusterDefinition 2 } memberEntry OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX MemberEntry MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION " Each entry contains the definition of a cluster member." INDEX { cmIndex } ::= { memberTable 1 } MemberEntry ::= SEQUENCE { cmIndex Unsigned32, cmAddressType InetAddressType, cmAddress InetAddress, cmSecurity SnmpAdminString, cmStatus RowStatus } cmIndex OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX Unsigned32 MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION " Unique identifier of a cluster member table entry." ::= { memberEntry 1 } cmAddressType OBJECT-TYPE Aldri, Elias & Glenn [Page 14] Internet-Draft Replication MIB January 2002 SYNTAX InetAddressType MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION " The type of address in cmAddress." ::= { memberEntry 2 } cmAddress OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX InetAddress MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION " The IP address of a cluster member whose objects are monitored and replicated by the cluster." ::= { memberEntry 3 } cmSecurity OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX SnmpAdminString MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION " The security required to access cluster member objects." ::= { memberEntry 4 } cmStatus OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX RowStatus MAX-ACCESS read-create STATUS current DESCRIPTION " The status of this cluster member entry. To create a row in this table, a manager must set this object to either createAndGo(4) or createAndWait(5). This object may not be active(1) until instances of all other objects are appropriately configured. Its value, meanwhile, is notReady(2)." ::= { memberEntry 5 } repObjectTable OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF RepObjectEntry MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION " This table allows the definition of a set of managed objects which are monitored and replicated by the cluster." ::={ clusterDefinition 3 } Aldri, Elias & Glenn [Page 15] Internet-Draft Replication MIB January 2002 repObjectEntry OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX RepObjectEntry MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION " An entry keeping information about an object that is replicated." INDEX { roIndex } ::= { repObjectTable 1 } RepObjectEntry ::= SEQUENCE { roIndex Unsigned32, roOID OBJECT IDENTIFIER, roInstanceIndex OBJECT IDENTIFIER, roInterval Unsigned32, roState Unsigned32, roStatus RowStatus } roIndex OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX Unsigned32 MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION " Unique identifier of a replicated object table entry." ::= { repObjectEntry 1 } roOID OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX OBJECT IDENTIFIER MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION " The instance identifier of an object which is replicated by the cluster." ::= { repObjectEntry 2 } roInstanceIndex OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX OBJECT IDENTIFIER MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION " Unique identifier of an instance index of an object which is replicated by the cluster." ::= { repObjectEntry 3 } roInterval OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX Unsigned32 MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current Aldri, Elias & Glenn [Page 16] Internet-Draft Replication MIB January 2002 DESCRIPTION " The time interval in which a cluster polls replicated objects in cluster members." ::= { repObjectEntry 4 } roState OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX Unsigned32(0|1) -- { non-active(0), active(1)} MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION " The State object determines whether an object is replicated in a given cluster. Setting this value to non-active(0) requests that an object should not be replicated. Setting this value to active(1) requests that an object should be replicated." ::= { repObjectEntry 5 } roStatus OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX RowStatus MAX-ACCESS read-create STATUS current DESCRIPTION " The status of this replicated object entry. To create a row in this table, a manager must set this object to either createAndGo(4) or createAndWait(5). This object may not be active(1) until instances of all other objects are appropriately configured. Its value, meanwhile, is notReady(2)." ::= { repObjectEntry 6 } peerTable OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF PeerEntry MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION " This table allows the definition of peer clusters of agent clusters which are used to maintain replicated objects." ::={ clusterDefinition 4 } peerEntry OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX PeerEntry MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION Aldri, Elias & Glenn [Page 17] Internet-Draft Replication MIB January 2002 " Each entry contains information of a cluster that maintains replicated objects." INDEX { pcIndex } ::= { peerTable 1 } PeerEntry ::= SEQUENCE { pcIndex Unsigned32, pcAddressType InetAddressType, pcAddress InetAddress, pcROTIndex Unsigned32, pcStatus RowStatus } pcIndex OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX Unsigned32 MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION " Unique value which identifies a peer cluster table entry." ::= { peerEntry 1 } pcAddressType OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX InetAddressType MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION " The type of address in pcAddress." ::= { peerEntry 2 } pcAddress OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX InetAddress MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION " The IP address of a peer cluster which receives and keeps replicated objects by the cluster." ::= { peerEntry 3 } pcROTIndex OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX Unsigned32 MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION " Index of a object in the replicated object table which is replicated in a given peer cluster." ::= { peerEntry 4 } pcStatus OBJECT-TYPE Aldri, Elias & Glenn [Page 18] Internet-Draft Replication MIB January 2002 SYNTAX RowStatus MAX-ACCESS read-create STATUS current DESCRIPTION " The status of this peer cluster entry. To create a row in this table, a manager must set this object to either createAndGo(4) or createAndWait(5). This object may not be active(1) until instances of all other objects are appropriately configured. Its value, meanwhile, is notReady(2)." ::= { peerEntry 5 } replicaTable OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF ReplicaEntry MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION " This table keeps the replicated instances of managed objects." ::={ clusterReplication 1 } replicaEntry OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX ReplicaEntry MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION " Each entry keeps an instance of a given object of a given agent." INDEX { repIndex } ::= { replicaTable 1 } ReplicaEntry ::= SEQUENCE { repIndex Unsigned32, repPeerType InetAddressType, repPeer InetAddress, repMemberType InetAddressType, repMember InetAddress, repOID OBJECT IDENTIFIER, repInstanceIndex OBJECT IDENTIFIER, repValue OCTET STRING, repValueType INTEGER, repTimeStamp TimeStamp, repStatus RowStatus } repIndex OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX Unsigned32 MAX-ACCESS read-only Aldri, Elias & Glenn [Page 19] Internet-Draft Replication MIB January 2002 STATUS current DESCRIPTION " Unique value which identifies a replica table entry." ::= { replicaEntry 1 } repPeerType OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX InetAddressType MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION " The type of address in repPeer." ::= { replicaEntry 2 } repPeer OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX InetAddress MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION " The IP address of a peer cluster that monitors a set of agents and replicates their objects in the cluster." ::= { replicaEntry 3 } repMemberType OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX InetAddressType MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION " The type of address in repMember." ::= { replicaEntry 4 } repMember OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX IpAddress MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION " The IP address of an agent whose objects are replicated in the cluster." ::= { replicaEntry 5 } repOID OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX OBJECT IDENTIFIER MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION " The instance identifier of a replicated object maintained in the cluster." ::= { replicaEntry 6 } Aldri, Elias & Glenn [Page 20] Internet-Draft Replication MIB January 2002 repInstanceIndex OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX OBJECT IDENTIFIER MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION " Unique identifier of an instance index of a replicated object maintained in the cluster." ::= { replicaEntry 7 } repValue OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX OCTET STRING MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION " Value of an instance of a replicated object. The data type of the instance is specified in the next managed object." ::= { replicaEntry 8 } repValueType OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX INTEGER { integer(0), integer32(1), unsigned32(2), gauge32(3), counter32(4), counter64(5), timeTicks(6), octectString(7), objectIdentifier(8), ipAddress(9), opaque(10), bits(11) } MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION " The data type of an instance of a replicated object kept in the previous managed object." ::= { replicaEntry 9 } repTimeStamp OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX TimeStamp MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION " The value of sysUpTime at the time of the last update of a value of an instance of a replicated object." Aldri, Elias & Glenn [Page 21] Internet-Draft Replication MIB January 2002 ::= { replicaEntry 10 } repStatus OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX RowStatus MAX-ACCESS read-create STATUS current DESCRIPTION " The status of this replica entry. This object may not be active(1) until instances of all other objects are appropriately configured. Its value, meanwhile, is notReady(2)." ::= { replicaEntry 11 } -- Conformance information replicGroups OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { replicConformance 1 } replicCompliances OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { replicConformance 2 } -- Compliance statements replicManagerCompliance MODULE-COMPLIANCE STATUS current DESCRIPTION " The compliance statement for SNMP entities which implement the replication MIB in the manager level." MODULE MANDATORY-GROUPS { replicManagerGroup } ::= { replicCompliances 1 } replicClusterCompliance MODULE-COMPLIANCE STATUS current DESCRIPTION " The compliance statement for SNMP entities which implement the replication MIB in the cluster level." MODULE MANDATORY-GROUPS { replicClusterGroup } ::= { replicCompliances 2 } replicFullCompliance MODULE-COMPLIANCE STATUS current DESCRIPTION " The compliance statement for SNMP entities which implement the replication MIB in three layers." MODULE MANDATORY-GROUPS { replicManagerGroup, replicClusterGroup } ::= { replicCompliances 3 } Aldri, Elias & Glenn [Page 22] Internet-Draft Replication MIB January 2002 -- Units of conformance replicManagerGroup OBJECT-GROUP OBJECTS{ clusterIndex, clusterID, clusterAddressType, clusterAddress, clusterMemberType, clusterMember, clusterOID, clusterInstanceIndex, clusterRepClusterID, clusterName, clusterDescr, clusterStatus } STATUS current DESCRIPTION " The collection of objects for the definition of agents clusters, which are used to replicate objects." ::= { replicGroups 1 } replicClusterGroup OBJECT-GROUP OBJECTS{ cmIndex, cmAddressType, cmAddress, cmSecurity, cmStatus, roIndex, roOID, roInstanceIndex, roInterval, roState, roStatus, pcIndex, pcAddressType, pcAddress, pcROTIndex, pcStatus, repIndex, repPeerType, repPeer, repMemberType, repMember, repOID, repInstanceIndex, Aldri, Elias & Glenn [Page 23] Internet-Draft Replication MIB January 2002 repValue, repValueType, repTimeStamp, repStatus } STATUS current DESCRIPTION " The collection of objects used to monitor and keep the replicated objects." ::= { replicGroups 2 } END Aldri, Elias & Glenn [Page 24] Internet-Draft Replication MIB January 2002 5. Security Considerations There are a number of management objects defined in this MIB that have a MAX-ACCESS clause of read-write and/or read-create. Such objects may be considered sensitive or vulnerable in some network environments. The support for SET operations in a non-secure environment without proper protection can have a negative effect on network operations. SNMPv1 by itself is not a secure environment. Even if the network itself is secure (for example by using IPSec), even then, there is no control as to who on the secure network is allowed to access and GET/SET (read/change/create/delete) the objects in this MIB. It is recommended that the implementers consider the security features as provided by the SNMPv3 framework. Specifically, the use of the User-based Security Model RFC 2574 [13] and the View- based Access Control Model RFC 2575 [16] is recommended. It is then a customer/user responsibility to ensure that the SNMP entity giving access to an instance of this MIB, is properly configured to give access to the objects only to those principals (users) that have legitimate rights to indeed GET or SET (change/create/delete) them. Aldri, Elias & Glenn [Page 25] Internet-Draft Replication MIB January 2002 6. Intellectual Property The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any intellectual property or other rights that might be claimed to pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in this document or the extent to which any license under such rights might or might not be available; neither does it represent that it has made any effort to identify any such rights. Information on the IETF's procedures with respect to rights in standards-track and standards-related documentation can be found in BCP-11. Copies of claims of rights made available for publication and any assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of such proprietary rights by implementors or users of this specification can be obtained from the IETF Secretariat. The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary rights which may cover technology that may be required to practice this standard. Please address the information to the IETF Executive Director. Aldri, Elias & Glenn [Page 26] Internet-Draft Replication MIB January 2002 7. References [1] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. [2] Harrington, D., Presuhn, R., and B. Wijnen, "An Architecture for Describing SNMP Management Frameworks", RFC 2571, April 1999. [3] Rose, M., and K. McCloghrie, "Structure and Identification of Management Information for TCP/IP-based Internets", STD 16, RFC 1155, May 1990. [4] Rose, M., and K. McCloghrie, "Concise MIB Definitions", STD 16, RFC 1212, March 1991. [5] M. Rose, "A Convention for Defining Traps for use with the SNMP", RFC 1215, March 1991. [6] McCloghrie, K., Perkins, D., Schoenwaelder, J., Case, J., Rose, M., and S. Waldbusser, "Structure of Management Information Version 2 (SMIv2)", STD 58, RFC 2578, April 1999. [7] McCloghrie, K., Perkins, D., Schoenwaelder, J., Case, J., Rose, M., and S. Waldbusser, "Textual Conventions for SMIv2", STD 58, RFC 2579, April 1999. [8] McCloghrie, K., Perkins, D., Schoenwaelder, J., Case, J., Rose, M., and S. Waldbusser, "Conformance Statements for SMIv2", STD 58, RFC 2580, April 1999. [9] Case, J., Fedor, M., Schoffstall, M., and J. Davin, "Simple Network Management Protocol", STD 15, RFC 1157, May 1990. [10] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M., and S. Waldbusser, "Introduction to Community-based SNMPv2", RFC 1901, January 1996. [11] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M., and S. Waldbusser, "Transport Mappings for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)", RFC 1906, January 1996. [12] Case, J., Harrington D., Presuhn R., and B. Wijnen, "Message Processing and Dispatching for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)", RFC 2572, April 1999. Aldri, Elias & Glenn [Page 27] Internet-Draft Replication MIB January 2002 [13] Blumenthal, U., and B. Wijnen, "User-based Security Model (USM) for version 3 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv3)", RFC 2574, April 1999. [14] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M., and S. Waldbusser, "Protocol Operations for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)", RFC 1905, January 1996. [15] Levi, D., Meyer, P., and B. Stewart, "SNMPv3 Applications", RFC 2573, April 1999. [16] Wijnen, B., Presuhn, R., and K. McCloghrie, "View-based Access Control Model (VACM) for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)", RFC 2575, April 1999. [17] Case, J., Mundy, R., Partain, D., and B. Stewart, "Introduction to Version 3 of the Internet-standard Network Management Framework", RFC 2570, April 1999. [18] E.P. Duarte Jr. and Aldri L. dos Santos, "Semi-Active Replication of SNMP Objects in Agent Groups Applied for Fault Management", Proceedings of the 7th IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management (IM'01), Seattle, May 2001. [19] R. Guerraoui and A. Schiper, "Fault-Tolerance by Replication in Distributed Systems", International Conference on Reliable softwares Technologies, Springer Verlag (LNCS), 1996. [20] M. Wiesmannn, F. Pedone, A. Schiper, B. Kemme and G. Alonso, "Understanding Replication in Databases and Distributed Systems", Technical Report SSC/1999/035, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Switzerland, September, 1999. [21] R. Guerraoui and A. Schiper, "Software-based Replication for Fault Tolerance", IEEE Computer, Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 86-74, April, 1997. [22] E.P. Duarte Jr. and Aldri L. dos Santos, "Network Fault Management Based on SNMP Agent Groups", Proceedings of the IEEE 21st International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops (ICDCS'2001), Workshop on Applied Reliable Group Communications, pp. 51-56, Mesa, Arizona, April 2001. [23] F. B. Schneider,"Implementating Fault-Tolerant Services Using The State Machine Approach: A Tutorial", ACM Computing Surveys, Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 299-319, December, 1990. Aldri, Elias & Glenn [Page 28] Internet-Draft Replication MIB January 2002 [24] W. Chen, N. Jain, and S. Singh, "ANMP: Ad Hoc Network Management Protocol", IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Vol. 17, No. 8, August 1999. [25] K. Birman, "Building Reliable and Secure Network Applications", Prentice-Hall, 1996. [26] R. V. Renesse, K. P. Birman and S. Maffeis, "Horus: A Flexible Group Communication System", Communications of the ACM, Vol. 39, No. 4, pp. 76-83, April, 1996. [27] M. G. Hayden, "The Ensemble System", PhD Thesis, Cornell University, Ithaca, Jan. 1998. Aldri, Elias & Glenn [Page 29] Internet-Draft Replication MIB January 2002 8. Author's Addresses Aldri Luiz dos Santos Federal University of Parana' Dept. Informatics P.O. Box 19018 Curitiba, PR 81531-990 Brazil Phone: +55-41-267-5244 Email: aldri@inf.ufpr.br Elias Procopio Duarte Jr. Federal University of Parana' Dept. Informatics P.O. Box 19018 Curitiba, PR 81531-990 Brazil Phone: +55-41-267-5244 Email: elias@inf.ufpr.br Glenn Mansfield Cyber Solutions Inc. ICR Bldg. 3F 6-6-3 Minami Yoshinari Aoba-ku Sendai-shi Miyagi Japan Phone: +81-22-303-4012 Email: cyber@cysol.co.jp Aldri, Elias & Glenn [Page 30] Internet-Draft Replication MIB January 2002 9. Full Copyright Statement Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2001). All Rights Reserved. This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than English. The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns. This document and the information contained herein is provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Aldri, Elias & Glenn [Page 31]