intarea B. Bruneau Internet-Draft Ecole polytechnique Intended status: Standards Track E. Vyncke, Ed. Expires: September 3, 2017 P. Pfister Cisco D. Schinazi T. Pauly Apple March 2, 2017 Proposals to discover Provisioning Domains draft-bruneau-pvd-00 Abstract This document describes different possibilities for hosts to retrieve additional information about their Internet access configuration. The set of configuration items required to access the Internet is called a Provisioning Domain (PvD) and is identified by a Fully Qualified Domain Name (or more generally a Uniform Resource Locator). This document separates the way of getting the Provisioning Domain identifier, the way of getting the Provisioning Domain information and the potential information contained in the Provisioning Domain. Status of This Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This Internet-Draft will expire on September 3, 2017. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2017 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. Bruneau, et al. Expires September 3, 2017 [Page 1] Internet-Draft Possibilities for PvDs March 2017 This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.1. Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3. Retrieving the PvD ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3.1. Using One Router Advertisement per PvD . . . . . . . . . 4 3.2. Rationale for not selecting other techniques . . . . . . 4 3.2.1. Using DNS-SD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3.2.2. Using Reverse DNS lookup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.3. Linking IPv4 Information to an IPv6 PvD . . . . . . . . . 5 4. Getting the PvD information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4.1. Using the PvD Bootstrap Information Option . . . . . . . 6 4.2. Downloading a JSON file over HTTPS . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4.2.1. Advantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4.2.2. Disadvantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4.3. Using DNS TXT ressource records (not selected) . . . . . 7 4.3.1. Advantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4.3.2. Disadvantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4.3.3. Using DNS SRV ressource records . . . . . . . . . . . 8 5. PvD Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 5.1. PvD Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 5.2. Trust of the bootstrap PvD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 5.3. Reachability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5.4. Connectivity Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5.5. Connection monetary cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 5.5.1. Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 5.5.2. Price . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 5.5.3. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 5.6. Private Extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 5.7. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 5.7.1. Using JSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 5.7.2. Using DNS TXT records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 6. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 7. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 8.1. Normative references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 8.2. Informative references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Bruneau, et al. Expires September 3, 2017 [Page 2] Internet-Draft Possibilities for PvDs March 2017 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 1. Introduction It has become very common in modern networks that hosts have Internet or more specific access through different networking interfaces, tunnels, or next-hop routers. The concept of Provisioning Domain (PvD) was defined in RFC7556 [RFC7556] as a set of network configuration information which can be used by hosts in order to access the network. In this document, PvDs are associated with a Fully Qualified Domain Name (called PvD ID) which is used within the host to identify correlated sets of configuration data and also used to retrieve additional information about the services that the network provides. Devices connected to the Internet through multiple interfaces would typically be provisioned with one PvD per interface, but it is worth noting that multiple PvDs with different PvD IDs could be provisioned on any host interface, as well as noting that the same PvD ID could be used on different interfaces in order to inform the host that both PvDs, on different interfaces, ultimately provide equivalent services. This document proposes multiple methods which could be used in order to retrieve the PvD ID associated with a set of networking configuration as well as the methods and format in order to retrieve the associated PvD Information. 2. Terminology PvD a provisioning domain, usually with a set of provisioning domain information; for more information, see [RFC7556]. 2.1. Requirements Language The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119]. 3. Retrieving the PvD ID In this document, each provisioning domain is identified by a PvD ID. The PvD ID is a Fully Qualified Domain Name which belongs to the network operator to avoid conflicts among network operators. The same PvD ID can exist in several access networks if the set of configuration information is identical in all those networks (such as Bruneau, et al. Expires September 3, 2017 [Page 3] Internet-Draft Possibilities for PvDs March 2017 in all home networks of a residential subscriber). Within a host, the PvD ID SHOULD be associated to all the configuration information associated to this PvD ID; this allows for easy update and removal of information while keeping a consistent state. This section assumes that IPv6 Router Advertisements are used to discover the PvD ID and explains why this technique was selected. 3.1. Using One Router Advertisement per PvD Hosts receive implicit PvDs by the means of Router Advertisements (RA). A router MAY add a single PvD ID Option in its RAs. The PvD ID specified in this option is then associated with all the Prefix Information Options (PIO) included in the RA (albeit it is expected that only one PIO will be included in the RA). All other information contained in the RA (notably the RDNSS) are to be associated with the PvD. The set of information contained in the RA forms the bootstrap (or hint) PvD. A new RA option will be required. When a host receives an RA which does not include a PvD ID Option, the set of information included in the RA is attached to an implicit PvD identified by the local interface ID on which the RA is received, and by the link-local address of the router sending the RA. In the cases where a router should provide multiple independent PvDs to all hosts, including non-PvD aware hosts, it should send multiple RAs, as proposed in [I-D.bowbakova-rtgwg-enterprise-pa-multihoming] using different source link-local addresses (LLA). Using RA allows for an early discovery of the PvD ID as it is early in the interface start-up. As RA is usually processed in the kernel, this requires a host OS upgrade. The RA SHOULD contain other PvD information as explained in section Section 4.1. 3.2. Rationale for not selecting other techniques There are other techniques to discover the PvD ID that were not selected by the authors and reviewers, this section explains why. The design goal was to be as reliable as possible (do not depend on Internet connectivity) and as fast as possible. 3.2.1. Using DNS-SD For each received RA including a RDNSS option as well as a DNS search list option, the host MAY retrieve the PvD ID by querying the configured DNS server for records of type PTR associated with Bruneau, et al. Expires September 3, 2017 [Page 4] Internet-Draft Possibilities for PvDs March 2017 _pvd.. If a PvD ID is configured, the DNS recursive resolver MUST reply with the PvD ID as a PTR record. NXDOMAIN is returned otherwise. When the RDNSS address is link-local, the host MAY retrieve the PvD ID before configuring its global scope address(es). Relying on a valid DNS service at the interface bootstrap can lead into delay to start the interface or starting without enough information: for example when the RDNSS is a non local address and there is no Internet connectivity. 3.2.2. Using Reverse DNS lookup [I-D.stenberg-mif-mpvd-dns] proposes a solution to get the name of the PvD using a reverse DNS lookup based on the host global address(es). It merely relies on prepending a well-known prefix '_pvd' to the reverse lookup, for example ' _pvd....ip6.arpa.'. However, the PvD information is typically provided by the network operator, whereas the reverse DNS zone could be delegated from the operator to the network user, in which case it would not work. It also requires a fully functional global address to retrieve the information which may be too late for a correct host configuration. One advantage is that it does not require any change in the IPv6 protocol and no change in the host kernel or even in the CPE. 3.3. Linking IPv4 Information to an IPv6 PvD The document describes IPv6-only PvD but there are multiple ways to link the set of IPv4 configuration information received by DHCPv4: o correlation based on the data-link layer address of the source, if the IPv6 RA and the DHCPv4 response have the same data-link layer address, then the information contained in the IPv4 DHCP can be linked to the IPv6 PvD; o correlation based on the interface when there is no data-link address on the link (such as a 3GPP link), then the information contained in the IPv4 PDP context can be linked to the IPv6 PvD (*** TO BE VERIFIED before going -01); o correlation based on the DNS search list, if the DNS search lists are identical between the IPv6 RDNSS and the DHCPV4 response, then the information contained in the IPv4 DHCP response can be linked to the IPv6 PvD. Bruneau, et al. Expires September 3, 2017 [Page 5] Internet-Draft Possibilities for PvDs March 2017 The correlation could be useful for some PvD information such as Internet reachability, use of captive portal, display name of the PvD, ... In cases where the IPv4 configuration information could not be associated with a PvD, hosts MUST consider it as attached to an independent implicit PvD containing no other information than what is provided through DHCPv4. 4. Getting the PvD information Once the PvD ID is known, it MAY be used to retrieve additional information. PvD Information is modeled as a key-value dictionary which keys are ASCII strings of arbitrary length, and values are either strings (encoding can vary), ordered list of values (recursively), or a dictionary (recursively). The PvD Information may be retrieved from multiple sources (from the bootstrap PvD contained in the RA to the secondary/extended PvD described in this section); the PvD ID is then used to correlate the information from different sources. The way a host should operate when receiving conflicting information is TBD. 4.1. Using the PvD Bootstrap Information Option Routers MAY transmit, in addition to the PvD ID option, a PvD Bootstrap Information option, containing a first subset of PvD information. As there is a size limit on the amount of information a single RA can convey, it is likely that the PvD Bootstrap Information option may not contain the whole set of PvD Information. The set of PvD information included in the RA is therefore called PvD Bootstrap Information. 4.2. Downloading a JSON file over HTTPS The host SHOULD try to download a JSON formatted file over HTTPS in order to get more PvD information. The host MUST perform an HTTP query to https:///v1.json. If the HTTP status of the answer is greater than 400 the host MUST abandon and consider that there is no PvD. If the HTTP status of the answer is between 300 and 400 it MUST follow the redirection(s). If the HTTP status of the answer is between 200 and 300 the host MAY get a file containing a single JSON object. Bruneau, et al. Expires September 3, 2017 [Page 6] Internet-Draft Possibilities for PvDs March 2017 The host MUST respect the cache information in the HTTP header if any and at expiration of the downloaded object, it must fetch a fresher version if any. 4.2.1. Advantages The JSON format allows advanced structures. It can be secured using HTTPS (and DNSSEC). It is easier to update a file on a web server than to edit DNS records. It can be especially important if we want providers to be able to often update the remaining phone plan of the user. 4.2.2. Disadvantages It is slower than using DNS because HTTPS uses TCP and TLS and needs more packets to be exchanged to get the file. An additional HTTPS server must be deployed and configured. 4.3. Using DNS TXT ressource records (not selected) This approach was not selected during the design team meeting but has kept here for reference, it will be removed after global consensus is reached. The host could perform a DNS query for TXT resource records (RR) for the FQDN used as PvD ID. For each retrieved PvD ID, the DNS query MUST be sent to the DNS server configured from the same router advertisement as the PvD ID. Syntax of the TXT response is defined in Section 5 (Section 5). 4.3.1. Advantages It requires a single round-time trip in order to retrieve the PvD Information. It can be secured using DNSSEC. 4.3.2. Disadvantages A TXT record is limited to 65535 characters in theory but large size of TXT records could require either DNS over TCP (so loosing the 1-RTT advantage) or fragmented UDP packets (which could be dropped by a bad choice of security policy). Large TXT records could also be used to mount an amplification attack. Bruneau, et al. Expires September 3, 2017 [Page 7] Internet-Draft Possibilities for PvDs March 2017 4.3.3. Using DNS SRV ressource records It is expected that the DNS TXT records will be sufficient for the host to configure itself with basic networking and policy configuration. Nevertheless, if further information is required, or when a different security model shall be used to access the PvD Information, a SRV Resource Record including a full URL MAY be included as a response, expecting the host to query this URL in order to retrieve additional PvD information. 5. PvD Information PvD information is a set of key-value pairs. Keys are ASCII character strings. Values are either a character string, an ordered list of values, or an embedded dictionary. Value types and default behavior with respect to some specific keys MAY be further specified (recursively). Some keys have a default value as described in the following sections. When there is an expiration time in a PvD, then the information MUST be refreshed before the expiration time. The behavior of a host when the refresh operation is not successful is TBD. Note, the DNS TXT key has been kept even if not selected by the design team but has been kept here for reference. 5.1. PvD Name PvD SHOULD have a human readable name in order to be presented on a GUI. The name can also be localized. Bruneau, et al. Expires September 3, 2017 [Page 8] Internet-Draft Possibilities for PvDs March 2017 +------+--------------+-----------------+----------------+----------+ | DNS | JSON key | Description | Type | Example | | TXT | | | | | | key | | | | | +------+--------------+-----------------+----------------+----------+ | n | name | User-visible | human-readable | "Foobar | | | | service name, | UTF-8 string | Service" | | | | SHOULD be part | | | | | | of the | | | | | | bootstrap PvD | | | | nl10 | localizedNam | Localized user- | human-readable | "Service | | n | e | visible service | UTF-8 string | Blabla" | | | | name, language | | | | | | can be selected | | | | | | based on the | | | | | | HTTP Accept- | | | | | | Language header | | | | | | in the request. | | | +------+--------------+-----------------+----------------+----------+ 5.2. Trust of the bootstrap PvD The content of the bootstrap PvD (from the original RA) cannot be trusted as it is not authenticated. But, the extended PvD can be associated with the PvD ID (as the PvD ID is used to construct the extended PvD URL) and trusted by the used of TLS. The extended PvD SHOULD therefore include the following information elements and, if they are present, the host MUST verify that the PIO of the RA fits into the master prefix list. The values of the bootstrap PvD (RDNSS, ...) are overwritten by the values contained in the extended PvD if they are present. +-----+------------------+-------------+----------+-----------------+ | DNS | JSON key | Description | Type | Example | | TXT | | | | | | key | | | | | +-----+------------------+-------------+----------+-----------------+ | mp6 | masterIpv6Prefix | All the | Array of | ["2001:db8::/32 | | | | IPv6 | IPv6 | "] | | | | prefixes | prefixes | | | | | linked to | | | | | | this PvD | | | | | | (such as a | | | | | | /29 for the | | | | | | ISP). | | | +-----+------------------+-------------+----------+-----------------+ Bruneau, et al. Expires September 3, 2017 [Page 9] Internet-Draft Possibilities for PvDs March 2017 5.3. Reachability The following set of keys can be used to specify the set of services for which the respective PvD should be used. If present they MUST be honored by the client, i.e., if the PvD is marked as not usable for Internet access (walled garden), then it MUST NOT be used for Internet access. If the usability is limited to a certain set of domain or address prefixes (typical VPN access), then a different PvD MUST be used for other destinations. +-----+-------------+---------------+-----------+-------------------+ | DNS | JSON key | Description | Type | Example | | TXT | | | | | | key | | | | | +-----+-------------+---------------+-----------+-------------------+ | s | noInternet | Internet | boolean | true | | | | inaccessible | | | | lp | loginPortal | Presence of a | boolean | false | | | | login portal | | | | z | dnsZones | DNS zones | array of | ["foo.com","sub.b | | | | accessible | DNS zone | ar.com"] | | | | and | | | | | | searchable | | | | 6 | prefixes6 | IPv6-prefixes | array of | ["2001:db8:a::/48 | | | | accessible | IPv6 | ","2001:db8:b:c:: | | | | via this PvD | prefixes | /64"] | | 4 | prefixes4 | IPv4-prefixes | array of | ["192.0.2.0/24"," | | | | accessible | IPv4 | 2.3.0.0/16"] | | | | | prefixes | | | | | | in CIDR | | | | | | reachable | | | | | | via this | | | | | | PvD | | +-----+-------------+---------------+-----------+-------------------+ 5.4. Connectivity Characteristics NOTE: open question to the authors/reviewers: should this document include this section or is it useless? The following set of keys can be used to signal certain characteristics of the connection towards the PvD. They should reflect characteristics of the overall access technology which is not limited to the link the host is connected to, but rather a combination of the link technology, CPE upstream connectivity, and further quality of service considerations. Bruneau, et al. Expires September 3, 2017 [Page 10] Internet-Draft Possibilities for PvDs March 2017 +------+------------------+------------+--------------+-------------+ | DNS | JSON key | Descriptio | Type | Example | | TXT | | n | | | | key | | | | | +------+------------------+------------+--------------+-------------+ | tp | throughputMax | Maximum | object({down | {"down": | | | | achievable | (int), | 10000, | | | | throughput | up(int)}) in | "up": 5000} | | | | (e.g. CPE | kb/s | | | | | downlink/u | | | | | | plink) | | | | lt | latencyMin | Minimum | object({down | {"down": | | | | achievable | (int), | 10, "up": | | | | latency | up(int)}) in | 20} | | | | | ms | | | rl | reliabilityMax | Maximum | object({down | {"down": | | | | achievable | (int), | 1000, "up": | | | | reliabilit | up(int)}) in | 800} | | | | y | 1/1000 | | | cp | captiveUrl | Captive | URL of the | "https://ex | | | | portal | portal | ample.com" | | nat | nat | IPv4 NAT | boolean | true | | | | in place | | | | srh | segmentRoutingHe | The IPv6 | Binary | ... | | | ader | Segment | string | | | | | Routing | | | | | | Header to | | | | | | be used | | | | | | between | | | | | | the IPv6 | | | | | | header and | | | | | | any other | | | | | | headers | | | | | | when using | | | | | | this PvD | | | | srhD | segmentRoutingHe | The DNS | Ascii string | srh.pvd-foo | | NS | aderDnsFQDN | FQDN which | | .example.or | | | | is used to | | g | | | | retrieved | | | | | | the actual | | | | | | IPv6 | | | | | | Segment | | | | | | Routing | | | | | | Header to | | | | | | be used | | | | | | between | | | | | | the IPv6 | | | | | | header and | | | Bruneau, et al. Expires September 3, 2017 [Page 11] Internet-Draft Possibilities for PvDs March 2017 | | | any other | | | | | | headers | | | | | | when using | | | | | | this PvD | | | | cost | cost | Cost of | object | See Section | | | | using the | | 5.5 | | | | connection | | | +------+------------------+------------+--------------+-------------+ 5.5. Connection monetary cost NOTE: This section is included as a request for comment on the potential use and syntax. The billing of a connection can be done in a lot of different ways. The user can have a global traffic threshold per month, after which his throughput is limited, or after which he/she pays each megabyte. He/she can also have an unlimited access to some websites, or an unlimited access during the week-ends. We propose to split the final billing in elementary billings, which have conditions (a start date, an end date, a destination IP address...). The global billing is an ordered list of elementary billings. To know the cost of a transmission, the host goes through the list, and the first elementary billing whose the conditions are fulfilled gives the cost. If no elementary billing conditions match the request, the host MUST NOT make any assumption about the cost. 5.5.1. Conditions Here are the potential conditions for an elementary billing. All conditions MUST be fulfilled. Note: the final version should use shorter key names. Bruneau, et al. Expires September 3, 2017 [Page 12] Internet-Draft Possibilities for PvDs March 2017 +-----------+-------------+---------------+-------------------------+ | Key | Description | Type | Example | +-----------+-------------+---------------+-------------------------+ | beginDate | Date before | ISO 8601 | "1977-04-22T06:00:00Z" | | | which the | | | | | billing is | | | | | not valid | | | | endDate | Date after | ISO 8601 | "1977-04-22T06:00:00Z" | | | which the | | | | | billing is | | | | | not valid | | | | domains | FQDNs whose | array(string) | ["deezer.com","spotify. | | | the billing | | com"] | | | is limited | | | | prefixes4 | IPv4 | array(string) | ["78.40.123.182/32","78 | | | prefixes | | .40.123.183/32"] | | | whose the | | | | | billing is | | | | | limited | | | | prefixes6 | IPv6 | array(string) | ["2a00:1450:4007:80e::2 | | | prefixes | | 00e/64"] | | | whose the | | | | | billing is | | | | | limited | | | +-----------+-------------+---------------+-------------------------+ 5.5.2. Price Here are the different possibilities for the cost of an elementary billing. A missing key means "all/unlimited/unrestricted". If the elementary billing selected has a trafficRemaining of 0 kb, then it means that the user has no access to the network. Actually, if the last elementary billing has a trafficRemaining parameter, it means that when the user will reach the threshold, he/she will not have access to the network anymore. Bruneau, et al. Expires September 3, 2017 [Page 13] Internet-Draft Possibilities for PvDs March 2017 +------------------+------------------+--------------+--------------+ | Key | Description | Type | Example | +------------------+------------------+--------------+--------------+ | pricePerGb | The price per | float | 2 | | | Gigabit | (currency | | | | | per Gb) | | | currency | The currency | ISO 4217 | "EUR" | | | used | | | | throughputMax | The maximum | float (kb/s) | 1000 | | | achievable | | | | | throughput | | | | trafficRemaining | The traffic | float (kb) | 96000000 | | | remaining | | | +------------------+------------------+--------------+--------------+ 5.5.3. Examples Example for a user with 20 GB per month for 40 EUR, then reach a threshold, and with unlimited data during week-ends and to the server "deezer": [ { "domains": ["deezer.com"] }, { "prefixes4": ["78.40.123.182/32","78.40.123.183/32"] }, { "beginDate": "2016-07-16T00:00:00Z", "endDate": "2016-07-17T23:59:59Z", }, { "beginDate": "2016-06-20T00:00:00Z", "endDate": "2016-07-19T23:59:59Z", "trafficRemaining": 96000000 }, { "throughputMax": 1000 } ] If the host tries to download data from deezer.com, the conditions of the first elementary billing are fulfilled, so the host takes this elementary billing, finds no cost indication in it and so deduces that it is totally free. If the host tries to exchange data with youtube.com and the date is 2016-07-14T19:00:00Z, the conditions of the first, second and third elementary billing are not fulfilled. Bruneau, et al. Expires September 3, 2017 [Page 14] Internet-Draft Possibilities for PvDs March 2017 But the conditions of the fourth are. So the host takes this elementary billing and sees that there is a threshold, 12 GB are remaining. Another example for a user abroad, who has 3 GB per year abroad, and then pay each MB: [ { "beginDate": "2016-02-10T00:00:00Z", "endDate": "2017-02-09T23:59:59Z", "trafficRemaining": 9200000 }, { "pricePerGb": 30, "currency": "EUR" } ] 5.6. Private Extensions keys starting with "x-" are reserved for private use and can be utilized to provide vendor-, user- or enterprise-specific information. It is RECOMMENDED to use one of the patterns "x-FQDN- KEY" or "x-PEN-KEY" where FQDN is a fully qualified domain name or PEN is a private enterprise number [PEN] under control of the author of the extension to avoid collisions. 5.7. Examples 5.7.1. Using JSON Bruneau, et al. Expires September 3, 2017 [Page 15] Internet-Draft Possibilities for PvDs March 2017 { "name": "Orange France", "localizedName": "Orange France", "dnsServers": ["8.8.8.8", "8.8.4.4"], "throughputMax": { "down": 100000, "up": 20000 }, "cost": [ { "domains": ["deezer.com"] }, { "prefixes4": ["78.40.123.182/32","78.40.123.183/32"] }, { "beginDate": "2016-07-16T00:00:00Z", "endDate": "2016-07-17T23:59:59Z", }, { "beginDate": "2016-06-20T00:00:00Z", "endDate": "2016-07-19T23:59:59Z", "trafficRemaining": 96000000 }, { "throughputMax": 1000 } ] } 5.7.2. Using DNS TXT records n=Orange France r=8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4 tp=100000,20000 cost+0+domains=deezer.com cost+1+prefixes4=78.40.123.182/32,78.40.123.183/32 cost+2+beginDate=2016-07-16T00:00:00Z cost+2+endDate=2016-07-17T23:59:59Z cost+3+beginDate=2016-06-20T00:00:00Z cost+3+endDate=2016-07-19T23:59:59Z cost+3+trafficRemaining=96000000 cost+4+throughputMax=1000 Bruneau, et al. Expires September 3, 2017 [Page 16] Internet-Draft Possibilities for PvDs March 2017 6. Security Considerations While the PvD ID can be forged easily, if the host retrieve the extended PvD via TLS, then the host can trust the content of the extended PvD and verifies that the RA prefix(es) are indeed included in the extended PvD. 7. Acknowledgements Many thanks to M. Stenberg and S. Barth: Section 5.3, Section 5.4 and Section 5.6 are from their document [I-D.stenberg-mif-mpvd-dns]. Thanks also to Ray Bellis, Lorenzo Colitti, Erik Kline, Mark Townsley and James Woodyatt for useful and interesting brainstorming sessions. 8. References 8.1. Normative references [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, . [RFC7556] Anipko, D., Ed., "Multiple Provisioning Domain Architecture", RFC 7556, DOI 10.17487/RFC7556, June 2015, . 8.2. Informative references [I-D.bowbakova-rtgwg-enterprise-pa-multihoming] Baker, F., Bowers, C., and J. Linkova, "Enterprise Multihoming using Provider-Assigned Addresses without Network Prefix Translation: Requirements and Solution", draft-bowbakova-rtgwg-enterprise-pa-multihoming-01 (work in progress), October 2016. [I-D.stenberg-mif-mpvd-dns] Stenberg, M. and S. Barth, "Multiple Provisioning Domains using Domain Name System", draft-stenberg-mif-mpvd-dns-00 (work in progress), October 2015. [PEN] IANA, "Private Enterprise Numbers", . Bruneau, et al. Expires September 3, 2017 [Page 17] Internet-Draft Possibilities for PvDs March 2017 Authors' Addresses Basile Bruneau Ecole polytechnique Vannes 56000 France Email: basile.bruneau@polytechnique.edu Eric Vyncke (editor) Cisco De Kleetlaan, 6 Diegem 1831 Belgium Email: evyncke@cisco.com Pierre Pfister Cisco 11 Rue Camille Desmoulins Issy-les-Moulineaux 92130 France Email: ppfister@cisco.com David Schinazi Apple Email: dschinazi@apple.com Tommy Pauly Apple Email: tpauly@apple.com Bruneau, et al. Expires September 3, 2017 [Page 18]