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Applications RFC Request for Comments MIME media types I-D Internet-Draft This document defines procedures for the specification and registration of media types for use in HTTP, MIME and other Internet protocols.

Recent Internet protocols have been carefully designed to be easily extensible in certain areas. In particular, many protocols, including but not limited to HTTP and MIME, are capable of carrying arbitrary labeled content. A mechanism is needed to label such content and a registration process is needed for these labels, so that that the set of such values are defined in a reasonably orderly, well-specified, and public manner. This document defines media type specification and registration procedures that use the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) as a central registry.

The media type registration process was initially defined for registering media types for use in the context of the asynchronous Internet mail environment. In this mail environment there is a need to limit the number of possible media types, to increase the likelihood of interoperability when the capabilities of the remote mail system are not known. As media types are used in new environments in which the proliferation of media types is not a hindrance to interoperability, the original procedure proved excessively restrictive and had to be generalized. This was initially done in , but the procedure defined there was still part of the MIME document set. The media type specification and registration procedure has now been moved to this separate document, to make it clear that it is independent of MIME. It may be desirable to restrict the use of media types to specific environments or to prohibit their use in other environments. This revision incorporates such restrictions into media type registrations in a systematic way. See for additional discussion.

The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in . This specification makes use of the Augmented Backus-Naur Form (ABNF) notation, including the core rules defined in Appendix A of that document.

Registration of a new media type or types starts with the construction of a registration proposal. Registration may occur within several different registration trees that have different requirements, as discussed below. In general, a new registration proposal is circulated and reviewed in a fashion appropriate to the tree involved. The media type is then registered if the proposal is acceptable. The following sections describe the requirements and procedures used for each of the different registration trees.

In order to increase the efficiency and flexibility of the registration process, different structures of subtype names may be registered to accommodate the different natural requirements for, e.g., a subtype that will be recommended for wide support and implementation by the Internet community, or a subtype that is used to move files associated with proprietary software. The following subsections define registration "trees" that are distinguished by the use of faceted names, e.g., names of the form "tree.subtree...subtype". Note that some media types defined prior to this document do not conform to the naming conventions described below. See Appendix A for a discussion of them.

The standards tree is intended for types of general interest to the Internet community. Registrations in the standards tree MUST be either: in the case of registrations in IETF specifications, approved directly by the IESG, or registered by a recognized standards body using the "Specification Required" IANA registration policy (which implies Expert Review). The first procedure is used for registering registrations from IETF Consensus documents, or in rare cases when registering a grandfathered (see ) and/or otherwise incomplete registration is in the interest of the Internet community. In the second case the IESG makes the decision on whether the registration submitter represents a recognized standards body; after that, a Media Types Reviewer (Designated Expert or a group of Designated Experts) performs the Expert Review as specified in this document. In the case of registration for the IETF itself, the registration proposal MUST be published as an IETF Consensus RFC, which can be on the Standards Track, a BCP, Informational, or Experimental. In the case of registrations for other recognized standards bodies, the format MUST be described by a formal standards specification produced by that body. Registrations published in non-IETF RFC streams are allowed and require IESG approval. Standards-tree registration RFCs can either be standalone "registration only" RFCs, or they can be incorporated into a more general specification of some sort. Media types in the standards tree are normally denoted by names that are not explicitly faceted, i.e., do not contain period (".", full stop) characters. The "owner" of a media type registration in the standards tree is assumed to be the standards body itself. Modification or alteration of the specification uses the same level of processing (e.g., a registration submitted on Standards Track can be revised in another Standards Track RFC, but cannot be revised in an Informational RFC) required for the initial registration. Standards-tree registrations from recognized standards bodies may be submitted directly to the IANA, where they will undergo Expert Review prior to approval. In this case, the Expert Reviewer(s) will, among other things, ensure that the required specification provides adequate documentation.

The vendor tree is used for media types associated with commercially available products. "Vendor" and "producer" are construed very broadly in this context and are considered equivalent. Note that industry consortia and similar groups that do not qualify as recognized standards bodies can quite appropriately register media types in the vendor tree. A registration may be placed in the vendor tree by anyone who needs to interchange files associated with some product or set of products. However, the registration formally belongs to the vendor or organization producing the software or file format being registered. Changes to the specification will be made at their request, as discussed in subsequent sections. Registrations in the vendor tree will be distinguished by the leading facet "vnd.". That may be followed, at the discretion of the registrant, by either a media subtype name from a well-known producer (e.g., "vnd.mudpie") or by an IANA-approved designation of the producer's name that is followed by a media type or product designation (e.g., vnd.bigcompany.funnypictures). While public exposure and review of media types to be registered in the vendor tree is not required, using the ietf-types@iana.org mailing list for review is encouraged to improve the quality of those specifications. Registrations in the vendor tree may be submitted directly to the IANA, where they will undergo Expert Review prior to approval.

Registrations for media types created experimentally or as part of products that are not distributed commercially may be registered in the personal or vanity tree. The registrations are distinguished by the leading facet "prs.". The owner of "personal" registrations and associated specifications is the person or entity making the registration, or one to whom responsibility has been transferred as described below. While public exposure and review of media types to be registered in the personal tree is not required, using the ietf-types@iana.org mailing list (see ) for review is encouraged to improve the quality of those specifications. Registrations in the personal tree may be submitted directly to the IANA, where they will undergo Expert Review prior to approval.

For convenience and symmetry with this registration scheme, subtype names with "x." as the first facet may be used for the same purposes for which names starting in "x-" are used. These types are unregistered, experimental, and for use only with the active agreement of the parties exchanging them. However, with the simplified registration procedures described above for vendor and personal trees, it should rarely, if ever, be necessary to use unregistered experimental types. Therefore, use of both "x-" and "x." forms is strongly discouraged. Types in this tree MUST NOT be registered. If a generally useful and widely deployed type incorrectly ends up with an "x." or "x-" name prefix, it MAY be registered using its current name in an alternate tree by following the procedure defined in .

From time to time and as required by the community, new top-level registration trees may be created by IETF Standards Action. It is explicitly assumed that these trees may be created for external registration and management by well-known permanent bodies; for example, scientific societies may register media types specific to the sciences they cover. In general, the quality of review of specifications for one of these additional registration trees is expected to be equivalent to registrations in the standards tree by a recognized Standards Development Organization. When the IETF performs such review, it needs to consider the greater expertise of the requesting body with respect to the subject media type.

Media type registrations are all expected to conform to various requirements laid out in the following sections. Note that requirement specifics sometimes vary depending on the registration tree, again as detailed in the following sections.

Media types MUST function as an actual media format. Registration of things that are better thought of as a transfer encoding, as a charset, or as a collection of separate entities of another type, is not allowed. For example, although applications exist to decode the base64 transfer encoding , base64 cannot be registered as a media type. This requirement applies regardless of the registration tree involved.

All registered media types MUST be assigned type and subtype names. The combination of these names serves to uniquely identify the media type, and the format of the subtype name identifies the registration tree. Both type and subtype names are case-insensitive. Type and subtype names beginning with "x-" are reserved for experimental use and MUST NOT be registered. This parallels the restriction on the x. tree, as discussed in . Type and subtype names MUST conform to the following ABNF:

Note that this syntax is somewhat more restrictive than what is allowed by the ABNF in section 5.1 of . Also note that while this syntax allows names of up to 127 characters, implementation limits may make such long names problematic. For this reason the components of names SHOULD be limited to 64 characters. Although the name syntax treates "+" as equivalent to any other character, it is used in media type names to introduce a structured syntax specificer suffix. Structured syntax suffix requirements are specified in . While it is possible for a given media type to be assigned additional names, the use of different names to identify the same media type is discouraged. These requirements apply regardless of the registration tree involved. The choice of top-level type name MUST take into account the nature of media type involved. New subtypes of top-level types MUST conform to the restrictions of the top-level type, if any. The following sections describe each of the initial set of top-level types and their associated restrictions. Additionally, various protocols, including but not limited to HTTP and MIME, MAY impose additional restrictions on the media types they can transport. (See for additional information on the restrictions MIME imposes.)

The "text" media type is intended for sending material that is principally textual in form. Many subtypes of text, notably including the subtype "text/plain", which is a generic subtype for plain text defined in , define a "charset" parameter. If a "charset" parameter is defined for a particular subtype of text, it MUST be used to specify a charset name defined in accordance to the procedures laid out in . A "charset" parameter SHOULD NOT be specified when charset information is transported inside the payload (e.g., as in "text/xml"). If a "charset" parameter is specified, it SHOULD be a required parameter, eliminating the options of specifying a default value. If there is a strong reason for the parameter to be optional despite this advice, each subtype MAY specify its own default value, or alternately, it MAY specify that there is no default value. Finally, the "UTF-8" charset SHOULD be selected as the default. See for additional information on the use of "charset" parameters in conjunction with subtypes of text. Plain text does not provide for or allow formatting commands, font attribute specifications, processing instructions, interpretation directives, or content markup. Plain text is seen simply as a linear sequence of characters, possibly interrupted by line breaks or page breaks. Plain text MAY allow the stacking of several characters in the same position in the text. Plain text in scripts like Arabic and Hebrew may also include facilities that allow the arbitrary mixing of text segments with different writing directions. Beyond plain text, there are many formats for representing what might be known as "rich text". An interesting characteristic of many such representations is that they are to some extent readable even without the software that interprets them. It is useful to distinguish them, at the highest level, from such unreadable data as images, audio, or text represented in an unreadable form. In the absence of appropriate interpretation software, it is reasonable to present subtypes of "text" to the user, while it is not reasonable to do so with most non-textual data. Such formatted textual data should be represented using subtypes of "text".

A media type of "image" indicates that the content specifies one or more individual images. The subtype names the specific image format.

A media type of "audio" indicates that the content contains audio data.

A media type of "video" indicates that the content specifies a time-varying-picture image, possibly with color and coordinated sound. The term 'video' is used in its most generic sense, rather than with reference to any particular technology or format, and is not meant to preclude subtypes such as animated drawings encoded compactly. Note that although in general this document strongly discourages the mixing of multiple media in a single body, it is recognized that many so-called video formats include a representation for synchronized audio and/or text, and this is explicitly permitted for subtypes of "video".

The "application" media type is to be used for discrete data that do not fit in any of the media types, and particularly for data to be processed by some type of application program. This is information that must be processed by an application before it is viewable or usable by a user. Expected uses for the "application" media type include but are not limited to file transfer, spreadsheets, presentations, scheduling data, and languages for "active" (computational) material. (The last, in particular, can pose security problems that must be understood by implementors, and that are considered in detail in the discussion of the "application/postscript" media type in .) For example, a meeting scheduler might define a standard representation for information about proposed meeting dates. An intelligent user agent would use this information to conduct a dialog with the user, and might then send additional material based on that dialog. More generally, there have been several "active" languages developed in which programs in a suitably specialized language are transported to a remote location and automatically run in the recipient's environment. Such applications may be defined as subtypes of the "application" media type. The subtype of "application" will often either be the name or include part of the name of the application for which the data are intended. This does not mean, however, that any application program name may simply be used freely as a subtype of "application"; the subtype needs to be registered.

Multipart and message are composite types, that is, they provide a means of encapsulating zero or more objects, each labeled with its own media type. All subtypes of multipart and message MUST conform to the syntax rules and other requirements specified in and amended by Section 3.5 of .

In some cases a new media type may not "fit" under any currently defined top-level content type. Such cases are expected to be quite rare. However, if such a case does arise a new top-level type can be defined to accommodate it. Such a definition MUST be done via standards-track RFC; no other mechanism can be used to define additional top-level content types.

defined the first such augmentation to the media type definition to additionally specify the underlying structure of that media type. To quote: This document also standardizes a convention (using the suffix '+xml') for naming media types ... when those media types represent XML MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) entities. That is, it specified a suffix (in that case, "+xml") to be appended to the base media type name. Since this was published, the defacto practice has arisen for using this suffix convention for other well-known structuring syntaxes. In particular, media types have been registered with suffixes such as "+der", "+fastinfoset" and "+json". This specification formalizes this practice and sets up a registry for structured type name suffixes. The primary guideline for whether a structured type name suffix should be registerable is that it be described by a readily-available description, preferably within a document published by an established standards organization, and for which there's a reference that can be used in a References section of an RFC. Media types that make use of a named structured syntax SHOULD use the appropriate registered "+suffix" for that structured syntax when they are registered. By the same token, media types MUST NOT be given names incorporating suffixes for structured syntaxes they do not actually employ. "+suffix" constructs for as-yet unregistered structured syntaxes should be used with care, given the possibility of conflicts with future suffix definitions.

In some cases a single media type may have been widely deployed prior to registrion under multiple names. In such cases a preferred name MUST be chosen for the media type and applications MUST use this to be compliant with the type's registration. However, a list of deprecated aliases the type is known by MAY be supplied as additional information in order to assist application in processing the media type properly.

Media types MAY elect to use one or more media type parameters, or some parameters may be automatically made available to the media type by virtue of being a subtype of a content type that defines a set of parameters applicable to any of its subtypes. In either case, the names, values, and meanings of any parameters MUST be fully specified when a media type is registered in the standards tree, and SHOULD be specified as completely as possible when media types are registered in the vendor or personal trees. Parameter names have the syntax as media type names and values:

Note that this syntax is somewhat more restrictive than what is allowed by the ABNF in and amended by . Parameter names are case-insensitive and no meaning is attached to the order in which they appear. It is an error for a specific parameter to be specified more than once. There is no defined syntax for parameter values. Therefore registrations MUST specify parameter value syntax. Additionally, some transports impose restrictions on parameter value syntax, so care should be taken to limit the use of potentially problematic syntaxes; e.g., pure binary valued parameters, while permitted in some protocols, probably should be avoided. New parameters SHOULD NOT be defined as a way to introduce new functionality in types registered in the standards tree, although new parameters MAY be added to convey additional information that does not otherwise change existing functionality. An example of this would be a "revision" parameter to indicate a revision level of an external specification such as JPEG. Similar behavior is encouraged for media types registered in the vendor or personal trees, but is not required.

All registered media types MUST employ a single, canonical data format, regardless of registration tree. A precise and openly available specification of the format of each media type MUST exist for all types registered in the standards tree and MUST at a minimum be referenced by, if it is not actually included in, the media type registration proposal itself. The specifications of format and processing particulars may or may not be publicly available for media types registered in the vendor and personal trees, and such registrations are explicitly permitted to limit the information in the registration to which software and version produce or process such media types. References to or inclusion of format specifications in registrations is encouraged but not required. Note, however, that the public availability of a meaningful specification will often make the difference between simply having a name reserved so that there are no conflicts with other uses and having the potential for other implementations of the media type and useful interoperation with them. Some media types involve the use of patented technology. The registration of media types involving patented technology is specifically permitted. However, the restrictions set forth in and on the use of patented technology in IETF standards-track protocols must be respected when the specification of a media type is part of a standards-track protocol. In addition, other standards bodies making use of the standards tree may have their own rules regarding intellectual property that must be observed in their registrations. IPR disclosures for registrations in the vendor and personal tree are encouraged but not required.

Media types SHOULD interoperate across as many systems and applications as possible. However, some media types will inevitably have problems interoperating across different platforms. Problems with different versions, byte ordering, and specifics of gateway handling can and will arise. Universal interoperability of media types is not required, but known interoperability issues SHOULD be identified whenever possible. Publication of a media type does not require an exhaustive review of interoperability, and the interoperability considerations section is subject to continuing evaluation. These recommendations in this subsection apply regardless of the registration tree involved.

An analysis of security issues MUST be done for all types registered in the standards Tree. A similar analysis for media types registered in the vendor or personal trees is encouraged but not required. However, regardless of what security analysis has or has not been done, all descriptions of security issues MUST be as accurate as possible regardless of registration tree. In particular, a statement that there are "no security issues associated with this type" MUST NOT be confused with "the security issues associates with this type have not been assessed". There is absolutely no requirement that media types registered in any tree be secure or completely free from risks. Nevertheless, all known security risks MUST be identified in the registration of a media type, again regardless of registration tree. The security considerations section of all registrations is subject to continuing evaluation and modification, and in particular MAY be extended by use of the "comments on media types" mechanism described in below. Some of the issues that should be examined and described in a security analysis of a media type are: Complex media types may include provisions for directives that institute actions on a recipient's files or other resources. In many cases provision is made for originators to specify arbitrary actions in an unrestricted fashion that may then have devastating effects. See the registration of the application/postscript media type in for an example of such directives and how they should be described in a media type registration. All registrations MUST state whether or not they employ such "active content", and if they do, they MUST state what steps have been taken to protect users of the media type from harm. Complex media types may include provisions for directives that institute actions that, while not directly harmful to the recipient, may result in disclosure of information that either facilitates a subsequent attack or else violates a recipient's privacy in some way. Again, the registration of the application/postscript media type illustrates how such directives can be handled. A media type that employs compression may provide an opportunity for sending a small amount of data that, when received and evaluated, expands enormously to consume all of the recipient's resources. All media types SHOULD state whether or not they employ compression, and if they do they should discuss what steps need to be taken to avoid such attacks. A media type might be targeted for applications that require some sort of security assurance but not provide the necessary security mechanisms themselves. For example, a media type could be defined for storage of sensitive medical information that in turn requires an external confidentiality and integrity protection services, or which is designed for use only within a secure environment. Types not requiring such services SHOULD document this in their security considerations.

There are a number of additional requirements specific to the registration of XML media types. These requirements are specified in .

Some transports impose restrictions on the type of data they can carry. For example, Internet mail traditionally was limited to 7bit US-ASCII text. Encoding schemes are often used to work around such transport limitations. It is therefore useful to note what sort of data a media type can consist of as part of its registration. An "encoding considerations" field is provided for this purpose. Possible values of this field are: The content of the media type consists solely of CRLF-delimited 7bit US-ASCII text. The content of the media type consists solely of CRLF-delimited 8bit text. The content consists of an unrestricted sequence of octets. The content consists of a series of frames or packets without internal framing or alignment indicators. Additional out-of-band information is needed to interpret the data properly, including but not necessarily limited to, knowledge of the boundaries between successive frames and knowledge of the transport mechanism. Note that media types of this sort cannot simply be stored in a file or transported as a simple stream of octets; therefore, such media types are unsuitable for use in many traditional protocols. A commonly used transport with framed encoding is the Real-time Transport Protocol, RTP. Additional rules for framed encodings defined for transport using RTP are given in . Additional restrictions on 7bit and 8bit text are given in Section 4.1.1 of .

In the asynchronous mail environment, where information on the capabilities of the remote mail agent is frequently not available to the sender, maximum interoperability is attained by restricting the media types used to those "common" formats expected to be widely implemented. This was asserted in the past as a reason to limit the number of possible media types, and resulted in a registration process with a significant hurdle and delay for those registering media types. However, the need for "common" media types does not require limiting the registration of new media types. If a limited set of media types is recommended for a particular application, that should be asserted by a separate applicability statement specific for the application and/or environment. Therefore, universal support and implementation of a media type is NOT a requirement for registration. However, if a media type is explicitly intended for limited use, this MUST be noted in its registration. The "Restrictions on Usage" field is provided for this purpose.

Media types registered in the standards tree by the IETF itself MUST be published as RFCs. RFC publication of vendor and personal media type registrations is allowed but not required. In all cases the IANA will retain copies of all media type registrations and "publish" them as part of the media types registration tree itself. As stated previously, standards tree registrations for media types defined in documents produced by other standards bodies MUST be described by a formal standards specification produced by that body. Additionally, any copyright on the registration template MUST allow the IANA to copy it into the IANA registry. Other than IETF registrations in the standards tree, the registration of a media type does not imply endorsement, approval, or recommendation by the IANA or the IETF or even certification that the specification is adequate. To become Internet Standards, a protocol or data object must go through the IETF standards process. While it provides additional assurances when it is appropriate, this is too difficult and too lengthy a process for the convenient registration of media types. The standards tree exists for media types that do require a substantive review and approval process in a recognized standards body. The vendor and personal trees exist for those media types that do not require such a process. It is expected that applicability statements for particular applications will be published from time to time in the IETF, recommending implementation of, and support for, media types that have proven particularly useful in those contexts. As discussed above, registration of a top-level type requires standards-track processing in the IETF and, hence, RFC publication.

Various sorts of optional information SHOULD be included in the specification of a media type if it is available: Magic number(s) (length, octet values). Magic numbers are byte sequences that are always present at a given place in the file and thus can be used to identify entities as being of a given media type. File name extension(s) commonly used on one or more platforms to indicate that some file contains a given media type. Mac OS File Type code(s) (4 octets) used to label files containing a given media type. Information about how fragment/anchor identifiers are constructed for use in conjunction with this media type. In the case of a registration in the standards tree, this additional information MAY be provided in the formal specification of the media type. It is suggested that this be done by incorporating the IANA media type registration form into the specification itself.

The media type registration procedure is not a formal standards process, but rather an administrative procedure intended to allow community comment and sanity checking without excessive time delay. The normal IETF processes should be followed for all IETF registrations in the standards tree. The posting of an Internet Draft is a necessary first step, followed by posting to the ietf-types@iana.org list as discussed below.

Notice of a potential media type registration in the standards tree SHOULD be sent to the ietf-types@iana.org mailing list for review. This mailing list has been established for the purpose of reviewing proposed media and access types. Registrations in other trees MAY be sent to the list for review as well; doing so is entirely OPTIONAL, but is strongly encouraged. The intent of the public posting to this list is to solicit comments and feedback on the choice of type/subtype name, the unambiguity of the references with respect to versions and external profiling information, and a review of any interoperability or security considerations. The submitter may submit a revised registration proposal or abandon the registration completely and at any time.

Media types registered in the standards tree by the IETF itself MUST be reviewed and approved by the IESG as part of the normal standards process. Standards tree registrations by recognized standards bodies as well as registrations in the vendor and personal tree should be submitted directly to the IANA, unless other arrangements were made as part of a liaison agreement. In either case posting the registration to the ietf-types@iana.org list for review prior to submission is strongly encouraged. Registration requests can be sent to iana@iana.org. A web form for registration requests is also available:

http://www.iana.org/cgi-bin/mediatypes.pl

Standardization processes often take considerable time to complete. In order to facilitate prototyping and testing it is often helpful to assign identifiers, including but not limited to media types, early in the process. This way identifiers used during standards development can remain unchanged once the process is complete and implementations and documentation do not have to be updated. Accordingly, a provisonal registration process is provided to support early assigment of media type names. A provisional registration MAY be submitted to IANA for standards tree types. The only required fields in such registrations are the media type name and contact information (inckuding the standards body name). Upon receipt of a provisionl registration, IANA will check the name and contact information, then publish the registration in a separate provisional registration list. Provisional registrations MAY be updated or abandoned at any time.

With the exception of provisional standards tree registrations, registrations submitted to the IANA will be passed on to the media types reviewer. The media types reviewer, who is appointed by the IETF Applications Area Director(s), will review the registration to make sure it meets the requirements set forth in this document. Registrations that do not meet these requirements will be returned to the submitter for revision. Decisions made by the media types reviewer may be appealed to the IESG using the procedure specified in section 6.5.4 of . Once a media type registration has passed review, the IANA will register the media type and make the media type registration available to the community. In the case of standards tree registrations from other standards bodies IANA will also check that the submitter is in fact a recognized standards body. If the submitter is not currently recognized as such the IESG will be asked to confirm their status. Recognition from the IESG MUST be obtained before a standards tree registration can proceed.

Comments on registered media types may be submitted by members of the community to the IANA at iana@iana.org. These comments will be reviewed by the media types reviewer and then passed on to the "owner" of the media type if possible. Submitters of comments may request that their comment be attached to the media type registration itself, and if the IANA approves of this, the comment will be made accessible in conjunction with the type registration.

Media type registrations are listed by the IANA at:

http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/

Once a media type has been published by the IANA, the owner may request a change to its definition. The descriptions of the different registration trees above designate the "owners" of each type of registration. The same procedure that would be appropriate for the original registration request is used to process a change request. Significant changes to a media type's definition should be requested only when there are serious omissions or errors in the published specification. When review is required, a change request may be denied if it renders entities that were valid under the previous definition invalid under the new definition. The owner of a media type may pass responsibility to another person or agency by informing the IANA; this can be done without discussion or review. The IESG may reassign responsibility for a media type. The most common case of this will be to enable changes to be made to types where the author of the registration has died, moved out of contact or is otherwise unable to make changes that are important to the community. Media type registrations may not be deleted; media types that are no longer believed appropriate for use can be declared OBSOLETE by a change to their "intended use" field; such media types will be clearly marked in the lists published by the IANA.

Type name: Subtype name: Required parameters: Optional parameters: Encoding considerations: Security considerations: Interoperability considerations: Published specification: Applications that use this media type: Additional information: Deprecated alias names for this type: Magic number(s): File extension(s): Macintosh file type code(s): URI fragment/anchor identifier(s): Person & email address to contact for further information: Intended usage: (One of COMMON, LIMITED USE or OBSOLETE.) Restrictions on usage: (Any restrictions on where the media type can be used go here.) Author: Change controller: Provisional registration? (standards tree only): (Any other information that the author deems interesting may be added below this line.)

"'N/A', written exactly that way, can be used in any field if desired to emphasize the fact that it does not apply or that the question was not omitted by accident. Do not use 'none' or other words that could be mistaken for a response". Some discussion of Macintosh file type codes and their purpose can be found in .

Someone wishing to define a "+suffix" name for a structured syntax for use with a new media type registration SHOULD: Check IANA's registry of media type name suffixes to see whether or not there is already an entry for that well-defined structured syntax. If there is no entry for their suffix scheme, fill out the template (specified in ) and include that with the media type registration. The template may be contained in an Internet Draft, alone or as part of some other protocol specification. The template may also be submitted in some other form (as part of another document or as a stand-alone document), but the contents will be treated as an "IETF Contribution" under the guidelines of RFC 5378. Send a copy of the template or a pointer to the containing document (with specific reference to the section with the template) to the mailing list ietf-types@ietf.org, requesting review. This may be combined with a request to review the media type registration. Allow a reasonable time for discussion and comments. Respond to review comments and make revisions to the proposed registration as needed to bring it into line with the guidelines given in this document. Submit the (possibly updated) registration template (or pointer to the document containing it) to IANA at iana@iana.org. Upon receipt of a structured syntax suffix registration request, IANA checks the submission for completeness; if sections are missing or citations are not correct, IANA rejects the registration request. IANA checks the current registry for an entry with the same name; if such a registry exists, IANA rejects the registration request. IANA requests Expert Review of the registration request against the corresponding guidelines. The Designated Expert may request additional review or discussion, as necessary. If Expert Review recommends registration, IANA adds the registration to the appropriate registry.

Registrations may be updated in each registry by the same mechanism as required for an initial registration. In cases where the original definition of the scheme is contained in an IESG-approved document, update of the specification also requires IESG approval.

This template describes the fields that must be supplied in a structured syntax sufficx registration request: Full name of the well-defined structured syntax. Suffix used to indicate conformance to the syntax. Include full citations for all specifications necessary to understand the structured syntax. General guidance regarding encoding considerations for any type employing this syntax should be given here. The same requirements for media type encoding considerations given in apply here. Any issues regarding the interoperable use of types employing this structured syntax should be given here. Examples would include the existence of incompatible versions of the syntax, issues combining certain charsets with the syntax, or incompatibilities with other types or protocols. Security considerations shared by media types employing this structured syntax must be specified here. The same requirements for media type security considerations given in apply here, with the exception that option of not assessing the security considerations is not available for suffix registrations. Person (including contact information) to contact for further information. Person (including contact information) authorized to change this suffix registration.

Security requirements for media type registrations are discussed in .

The purpose of this document is to define IANA registries for media types and structured syntax suffixes as well as the procedures for managing these registries. Additionally, this document requires IANA to maintain a list of IESG-recognized standards bodies who are allowed to register types in the standards tree.

The current authors would like to acknowledge their debt to the late Dr. Jon Postel, whose general model of IANA registration procedures and specific contributions shaped the predecessors of this document . We hope that the current version is one with which he would have agreed but, as it is impossible to verify that agreement, we have regretfully removed his name as a co-author. Barry Leiba and Alexey Melnikov provided many helpful review comments and suggestions.

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A number of media types with unfaceted names, registered prior to 1996, would, if registered under the guidelines in this document, be given a faceted name and placed into either the vendor or personal trees. Reregistration of those types to reflect the appropriate trees is encouraged but not required. Ownership and change control principles outlined in this document apply to those types as if they had been registered in the trees described above. From time to time there may also be cases where a media type with an unfaceted name has been widely deployed without being registered. If possible such types SHOULD be reregistered with a proper faceted name. However, if this is not possible the type can, subject to approval by both the media types reviewer and the IESG, be registered in the proper tree with its unfaceted name.

The list of fields in the registration is getting long. Should the fields be numbered and referred to by number in order to facilitate translation into other languages and similar activities? Currently anyone can register a vendor media type on behalf of a vendor but subsequent to that only the vendor can make changes. Do we want to retain this restriction?

Suffixes to indicate the use of a particular structured syntax are now fully specified and a suffix registration process has been defined. Registration of widely deployed unregistered unfaceted type names in the vendor or personal trees is now allowed, subject to approval by the media types reviewer and the IESG. The standards tree registration process has been revised to include Expert Review and generalized to address cases like media types in non-IETF stream documents. A field for fragment/anchor identifiers has been added to the registration template. The specification requirements for personal tree registrations have been changed to be the same as those for the vendor tree. The text has been changed to encourage (but not require) specification availability. The definition of additional trees has been clarified to state that an IETF Standards Action is required. Widely deployed types with "X-" names can now be registered as an exception in the vendor tree. The reqiremeents on changes to registrations have been loosened so minor changes are easier to make. The registration process has been completely restructured so that with the exception of IETF-generated types in the standards tree, all requests are procesed by IANA and not the IESG. A provisional registration process has been added for early assignment of types in the standards tree. Many editorial changes have been made throughout the document to make the requirements and processes it describes clearer and easier to follow. Added the ability to specify a list of deprecated aliases.