Internet-Draft PREOF DetNet IP July 2023
Varga, et al. Expires 25 January 2024 [Page]
Workgroup:
DetNet
Internet-Draft:
draft-ietf-detnet-mpls-over-ip-preof-05
Published:
Intended Status:
Informational
Expires:
Authors:
B. Varga
Ericsson
J. Farkas
Ericsson
A. Malis
Malis Consulting

Deterministic Networking (DetNet): DetNet PREOF via MPLS over UDP/IP

Abstract

This document describes how DetNet IP data plane can support the Packet Replication, Elimination, and Ordering Functions (PREOF) built on the existing MPLS PREOF solution defined for DetNet MPLS Data Plane and the mechanisms defined by MPLS-over-UDP technology.

Status of This Memo

This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

This Internet-Draft will expire on 25 January 2024.

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

The DetNet Working Group has defined Packet Replication (PRF), Packet Elimination (PEF) and Packet Ordering (POF) functions to provide service protection by the DetNet service sub-layer [RFC8655]. The PREOF service protection method relies on copies of the same packet sent over multiple maximally disjoint paths and uses sequencing information to eliminate duplicates. A possible implementation of the PRF and PEF functions is described in [IEEE8021CB] and the related YANG data model is defined in [IEEEP8021CBcv]. A possible implementation of POF function is described in [I-D.ietf-detnet-pof]. Figure 1 shows a DetNet flow on which PREOF functions are applied during forwarding from the source to the destination.


                                      +------------+
            +---------------E1---+    |            |
+---+       |               |    +---R3---+        |          +---+
|src|------R1           +---+             |        E3----O----+dst|
+---+       |           |                 E2-------+          +---+
            +----------R2                 |
                        +-----------------+

R: replication function (PRF)
E: elimination function (PEF)
O: ordering function (POF)

Figure 1: PREOF scenario in a DetNet network

In general, the use of PREOF functions require sequencing information to be included in the packets of a DetNet compound flow. This can be done by adding a sequence number or time stamp as part of DetNet encapsulation. Sequencing information is typically added once, at or close to the source.

The DetNet MPLS data plane [RFC8964] specifies how sequencing information is encoded in the MPLS header. However, the DetNet IP data plane described in [RFC8939] does not specify how sequencing information can be encoded in the IP header. This document describes a DetNet IP encapsulation that includes sequencing information based on the DetNet MPLS over UDP/IP data plane [RFC9025], i.e., leveraging the MPLS-over-UDP technology.

2. Terminology

2.1. Terms Used in This Document

This document uses the terminology established in the DetNet architecture [RFC8655], and the reader is assumed to be familiar with that document and its terminology.

2.2. Abbreviations

The following abbreviations are used in this document:

DetNet
Deterministic Networking.
PEF
Packet Elimination Function.
POF
Packet Ordering Function.
PREOF
Packet Replication, Elimination and Ordering Functions.
PRF
Packet Replication Function.

2.3. Requirements Language

The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here.

3. Requirements for adding PREOF to DetNet IP

The requirements for adding PREOF to DetNet IP are:

The described solution practically gains from MPLS header fields without requiring the support of the MPLS forwarding plane.

4. Adding PREOF to DetNet IP

4.1. Solution Basics

The DetNet IP encapsulation supporting DetNet Service sub-layer is based on the "UDP tunneling" concept. The solution creates a set of underlay UDP/IP tunnels between an overlay set of DetNet relay nodes.

At the edge of a PREOF capable DetNet IP domain the DetNet flow is encapsulated in an UDP packet containing the sequence number used by PREOF functions within the domain. This solution maintains the 6-tuple-based DetNet flow identification in DetNet transit nodes, which operate at the DetNet forwarding sub-layer between the DetNet service sub-layer nodes; therefore, it is compatible with [RFC8939]. Figure 2 shows how the PREOF capable DetNet IP data plane fits into the DetNet sub-layers.


   DetNet          IP
      .
      .
+------------+
|  Service   | d-CW, Service-ID (S-label)
+------------+
| Forwarding | UDP/IP Header
+------------+

Figure 2: PREOF capable DetNet IP data plane

4.2. Encapsulation

The PREOF capable DetNet IP encapsulation builds on encapsulating DetNet PW directly over UDP. That is, it combines DetNet MPLS [RFC8964] with DetNet MPLS-in-UDP [RFC9025], without using any F-Labels as shown in Figure 3. DetNet flows are identified at the receiving DetNet service sub-layer processing node via the S-Label and/or the UDP/IP header information. Sequencing information for PREOF is provided by the DetNet Control Word (d-CW) as per [RFC8964]. The S-label is used to identify both the DetNet flow and the DetNet App-flow type. The UDP tunnel is used to direct the packet across the DetNet domain to the next DetNet service sub-layer processing node.


+---------------------------------+
|                                 |
|         DetNet App-Flow         |
|       (original IP) Packet      |
|                                 |
+---------------------------------+ <--\
|       DetNet Control Word       |    |
+---------------------------------+    +--> PREOF capable
|       Service-ID (S-Label)      |    |    DetNet IP data
+---------------------------------+    |    plane encapsulation
|            UDP Header           |    |
+---------------------------------+    |
|            IP Header            |    |
+---------------------------------+ <--/
|            Data-Link            |
+---------------------------------+
|             Physical            |
+---------------------------------+

Figure 3: PREOF capable DetNet IP encapsulation

4.3. Packet Processing

IP ingress and egress nodes of the PREOF capable DetNet IP domain add and remove a DetNet service-specific d-CW and Service-ID (i.e., S-Label). Relay nodes can change Service-ID values when processing a DetNet flow, i.e., incoming and outgoing Service-IDs of a DetNet flow can be different. Service-ID values are provisioned per DetNet service via configuration, i.e., via the Controller Plane described in [RFC8938]. In some PREOF topologies, the node performing replication sends the packets to multiple nodes performing e.g., PEF or POF and the replication node can use different Service-ID values for the different member flows for the same DetNet service.

Note, that Service-IDs is a local ID on the receiver side providing identification of the DetNet flow at the downstream DetNet service sub-layer receiver.

4.4. Flow Aggregation

Two methods can be used for flow aggregation:

  • aggregation using same UDP tunnel,
  • aggregating DetNet flows as a new DetNet flow.

In the first case, the different DetNet PWs use the same UDP tunnel, so they are treated as a single (aggregated) flow at the forwarding sub-layer. At the service sub-layer, each flow uses a different Service ID.

For the second option, an additional hierarchy is created thanks to an additional Service-ID and d-CW tuple added to the encapsulation. The Aggregate-ID is a special case of a Service-ID, whose properties are known only at the aggregation and de-aggregation end points. It is a property of the Aggregate-ID that it is followed by a d-CW followed by an Service-ID/d-CW tuple. Figure 4 shows the encapsulation in case of aggregation.


+---------------------------------+
|                                 |
|         DetNet App-Flow         |
|         Payload  Packet         |
|                                 |
+---------------------------------+ <--\
|       DetNet Control Word       |    |
+---------------------------------+    +--> PREOF capable
|       Service-ID (S-Label)      |    |    DetNet IP data
+---------------------------------+    |    plane encapsulation
|       DetNet Control Word       |    |
+---------------------------------+    |
|      Aggregate-ID (A-Label)     |    |
+---------------------------------+    |
|           UDP Header            |    |
+---------------------------------+    |
|            IP Header            |    |
+---------------------------------+ <--/
|            Data-Link            |
+---------------------------------+
|             Physical            |
+---------------------------------+

Figure 4: Aggregating DetNet flows as a new DetNet flow

4.5. PREOF Procedures

A node operating on a received DetNet flow at the DetNet service sub-layer uses the local context associated with a received Service-ID to determine which local DetNet operation(s) are applied to received packet. A Service-ID can be allocated to be unique and enabling DetNet flow identification regardless of which input interface or UDP tunnel the packet is received. It is important to note that Service-ID values are driven by the receiver, not the sender.

The DetNet forwarding sub-layer is supported by the UDP tunnel and is responsible for providing resource allocation and explicit routes.

To support outgoing PREOF capable DetNet IP encapsulation, an implementation supports the provisioning of UDP and IP header information. Note, when PRF is performed at the DetNet service sub-layer, there are multiple member flows, and each member flow requires their own Service-ID, UDP and IP header information. The headers for each outgoing packet are formatted according to the configuration information, and the UDP Source Port value is set to uniquely identify the DetNet flow. The packet is then handled as a PREOF capable DetNet IP packet.

To support the receive processing, an implementation also supports the provisioning of received Service-ID, UDP and IP header information. The provisioned information is used to identify incoming app-flows based on the combination of Service-ID and/or incoming encapsulation header information.

4.6. PREOF capable DetNet IP domain

Figure 5 shows using PREOF in a PREOF capable DetNet IP network.



          <---------- PREOF capable DetNet IP --------------->
                                    ______
                          ____     /      \__
               ____      /     \__/          \____________
+----+      __/    \____/                                 \    +----+
|src |_____/                                               \___| dst|
+----+     \_______            DetNet network    __________/   +----+
                   \_______                    _/
                           \         __     __/
                            \_______/  \___/

                                       +------------+
             +---------------E1---+    |            |
+----+       |               |    +---R3---+        |          +----+
|src |------R1           +---+             |        E3----O----+ dst|
+----+       |           |                 E2-------+          +----+
             +----------R2                 |
                         +-----------------+

Figure 5: PREOF capable DetNet IP domain

5. Control and Management Plane Parameters

The information needed to identify individual and aggregated DetNet flows is summarized as follows:

This information is provisioned per DetNet flow via configuration, e.g., via the controller plane.

An implementation supports ordering of the set of information used to identify an individual DetNet flow. This can, for example, be used to provide a DetNet service for a specific UDP flow, with unique Source and Destination Port field values, while providing a different service for the aggregate of all other flows with that same UDP Destination Port value.

The minimum set of information for the configuration of the DetNet service sub-layer is summarized as follows:

The minimum set of information for the configuration of the DetNet forwarding sub-layer is summarized as follows:

Note: this document focuses on the use of MPLS over UDP/IP encapsulation throughout an entire DetNet IP network, making MPLS-based DetNet OAM techniques applicable. Using the described encapsulation only for a portion of a DetNet IP network that handles the PREOF functionality would complicate OAM.

6. Security Considerations

There are no new DetNet related security considerations introduced by this solution.

7. IANA Considerations

This document makes no IANA requests.

8. Acknowledgements

Authors extend their appreciation to Stewart Bryant, Pascal Thubert, David Black, Shirley Yangfan and Greg Mirsky for their insightful comments and productive discussion that helped to improve the document.

9. References

9.1. Normative References

[RFC2119]
Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC8174]
Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.
[RFC8655]
Finn, N., Thubert, P., Varga, B., and J. Farkas, "Deterministic Networking Architecture", RFC 8655, DOI 10.17487/RFC8655, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8655>.
[RFC8938]
Varga, B., Ed., Farkas, J., Berger, L., Malis, A., and S. Bryant, "Deterministic Networking (DetNet) Data Plane Framework", RFC 8938, DOI 10.17487/RFC8938, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8938>.
[RFC8939]
Varga, B., Ed., Farkas, J., Berger, L., Fedyk, D., and S. Bryant, "Deterministic Networking (DetNet) Data Plane: IP", RFC 8939, DOI 10.17487/RFC8939, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8939>.
[RFC8964]
Varga, B., Ed., Farkas, J., Berger, L., Malis, A., Bryant, S., and J. Korhonen, "Deterministic Networking (DetNet) Data Plane: MPLS", RFC 8964, DOI 10.17487/RFC8964, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8964>.
[RFC9025]
Varga, B., Ed., Farkas, J., Berger, L., Malis, A., and S. Bryant, "Deterministic Networking (DetNet) Data Plane: MPLS over UDP/IP", RFC 9025, DOI 10.17487/RFC9025, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9025>.

9.2. Informative References

[I-D.ietf-detnet-pof]
Varga, B., Farkas, J., Kehrer, S., and T. Heer, "Deterministic Networking (DetNet): Packet Ordering Function", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-detnet-pof-04, , <https://datatracker.ietf.org/api/v1/doc/document/draft-ietf-detnet-pof/>.
[IEEE8021CB]
IEEE, "IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks -- Frame Replication and Elimination for Reliability", DOI 10.1109/IEEESTD.2017.8091139, , <https://standards.ieee.org/standard/802_1CB-2017.html>.
[IEEEP8021CBcv]
Kehrer, S., "FRER YANG Data Model and Management Information Base Module", IEEE P802.1CBcv /D1.2 P802.1CBcv, , <https://www.ieee802.org/1/files/private/cv-drafts/d1/802-1CBcv-d1-2.pdf>.

Authors' Addresses

Balazs Varga
Ericsson
Budapest
Magyar Tudosok krt. 11.
1117
Hungary
Janos Farkas
Ericsson
Budapest
Magyar Tudosok krt. 11.
1117
Hungary
Andrew G. Malis
Malis Consulting