I2NSF Working Group S. Hyun, Ed. Internet-Draft Myongji University Intended status: Standards Track J. Jeong, Ed. Expires: 27 August 2023 T. Roh S. Wi Sungkyunkwan University J. Park ETRI 23 February 2023 I2NSF Registration Interface YANG Data Model for NSF Capability Registration draft-ietf-i2nsf-registration-interface-dm-23 Abstract This document defines an information model and a YANG data model for the Registration Interface between Security Controller and Developer's Management System (DMS) in the Interface to Network Security Functions (I2NSF) framework to register Network Security Functions (NSF) of the DMS with the Security Controller. The objective of these information and data models is to support NSF capability registration and query via I2NSF Registration Interface. Status of This Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This Internet-Draft will expire on 27 August 2023. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2023 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. Hyun, et al. Expires 27 August 2023 [Page 1] Internet-Draft Registration Interface YANG Data Model February 2023 This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/ license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License. Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3. Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4. Information Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4.1. NSF Capability Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4.1.1. NSF Capability Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4.1.2. NSF Access Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 4.2. NSF Capability Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 5. Data Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 5.1. YANG Tree Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 5.1.1. Definitions of Symbols in Tree Diagrams . . . . . . . 9 5.1.2. YANG Tree of I2NSF Registration Interface . . . . . . 9 5.2. YANG Data Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 6. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 7. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 8.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 8.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Appendix A. XML Examples of an NSF Registration with I2NSF Registration Interface Data Model . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Appendix B. XML Examples of an NSF Update Request with I2NSF Registration Interface Data Model . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Appendix C. NSF Lifecycle Management in NFV Environments . . . . 35 Appendix D. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Appendix E. Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Appendix F. Changes from draft-ietf-i2nsf-registration-interface-dm-22 . . . . . . 37 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 1. Introduction A number of Network Security Functions (NSF) may exist in the Interface to Network Security Functions (I2NSF) framework [RFC8329]. Since each of these NSFs likely has different security capabilities from each other, it is important to register the security capabilities of the NSFs to the Security Controller (i.e., Network Management Operator System). In addition, it is required to search Hyun, et al. Expires 27 August 2023 [Page 2] Internet-Draft Registration Interface YANG Data Model February 2023 NSFs of some required security capabilities on demand. As an example, if additional security capabilities are required to serve some security service request(s) from an I2NSF User, the security controller SHOULD be able to request the DMS for NSFs that have the required security capabilities. As the main focus of the YANG module defined in [I-D.ietf-i2nsf-capability-data-model] is to define the security capabilities of an NSF, it lacks in some information (e.g., network access information to an NSF) needed by the Security Controller. This information can be provided by the DMS as it is the vendor system that provides and deploys the NSFs. Hence, this document provides extended information for the I2NSF Registration Interface. This document describes an information model (see Section 4) and an extended YANG [RFC7950] data model from I2NSF Capability YANG data model [I-D.ietf-i2nsf-capability-data-model] (see Section 5) for the I2NSF Registration Interface [RFC8329] between the Security Controller and the developer's management system (DMS) to support NSF capability registration and query via the registration interface. It also describes the operations which SHOULD be performed by the Security Controller and the DMS via the Registration Interface using the defined model. Note that in either NETCONF [RFC6241] or RESTCONF [RFC8040] parlance through the I2NSF Registration Interface, the Security Controller is the client, and the DMS is the server because the Security Controller and DMS run the client and server for either NETCONF or RESTCONF, respectively. 2. Terminology The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 [RFC2119][RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. This document uses the following terms defined in [RFC3444], [RFC8329] and [I-D.ietf-i2nsf-capability-data-model]. * Network Security Function (NSF): A function that is responsible for a specific treatment of received packets. A Network Security Function can act at various layers of a protocol stack (e.g., at the network layer or other OSI layers). Sample Network Security Service Functions are as follows: Firewall, Intrusion Prevention/ Detection System (IPS/IDS), Deep Packet Inspection (DPI), Application Visibility and Control (AVC), network virus and malware scanning, sandbox, Data Loss Prevention (DLP), Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) mitigation and TLS proxy. Hyun, et al. Expires 27 August 2023 [Page 3] Internet-Draft Registration Interface YANG Data Model February 2023 * Data Model: Data Models define managed objects at a lower level of abstraction, which include implementation- and protocol-specific details, e.g., rules that explain how to map managed objects onto lower-level protocol constructs [RFC3444]. * Information Model: Information Models are primarily useful for designers to describe the managed environment, for operators to understand the modeled objects, and for implementers as a guide to the functionality that must be described and coded in the Data Models [RFC3444]. * YANG: This document follows the guidelines of [RFC8407], uses the common YANG types defined in [RFC6991], and adopts the Network Management Datastore Architecture (NMDA) [RFC8342]. The meaning of the symbols in tree diagrams is defined in [RFC8340]. 3. Objectives * Registering NSFs with the I2NSF framework: Developer's Management System (DMS) in I2NSF framework is typically run by an NSF vendor, and uses Registration Interface to provide NSFs information (i.e., capability, specification, and access information) developed by the NSF vendor to Security Controller. Since there may be multiple vendors that provide NSFs for a target network, the I2NSF Registration Interface can be used as a standard interface for the DMSs to provide NSFs capability information to the Security Controller. For the registered NSFs, Security Controller maintains a catalog of the capabilities of those NSFs to select appropriate NSFs for the requested security services. Note that the I2NSF User and the vendor should exchange information for the discovery of Security Controller and DMS during the subscription of the security service. The I2NSF User should provide the Security Controller information (e.g., access information) to the DMS for the NSFs registration, and the vendor should provide the DMS information (e.g., access information and the types of NSFs managed by the DMS) to the Security Controller for allowing such connections. The method of exchanging this information can be done either manually or dynamically (e.g., through the new options of I2NSF information in both DHCP [RFC2131] and DHCPv6 [RFC8415]). This actual method is out of the scope of this document. * Updating the capabilities of registered NSFs: After an NSF is registered with Security Controller, some modifications on the capability of the NSF MAY be required later. In this case, DMS uses Registration Interface to deliver the update of the capability of the NSF to the Security Controller, and this update MUST be reflected on the catalog of NSFs existing in the Security Controller. That is, the Security Controller should check for Hyun, et al. Expires 27 August 2023 [Page 4] Internet-Draft Registration Interface YANG Data Model February 2023 updates of the NSFs to the DMS periodically, and the DMS sends the updated NSF capability information to the Security Controller. The Security Controller updates its catalog of NSFs with the updated NSF capability information. * Asking DMS about some required capabilities: In cases that some security capabilities are required to serve the security service request from an I2NSF User, the Security Controller searches through the registered NSFs to find ones that can provide the required capabilities. But Security Controller might fail to find any NSFs having the required capabilities among the registered NSFs. In this case, Security Controller needs to request DMS for additional NSF(s) information that can provide the required security capabilities via Registration Interface. 4. Information Model The I2NSF registration interface is used by Security Controller and Developer's Management System (DMS) in I2NSF framework. Figure 1 shows the information model of the I2NSF registration interface, which consists of two submodels: NSF capability registration and NSF capability query. Each submodel is used for the operations listed above. The remainder of this section will provide in-depth explanation of each submodel. The consideration of the design of the data model is based on the procedure and mechanism discussed in Section 8 of [I-D.ietf-i2nsf-applicability], which discusses I2NSF Framework with Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) [nfv-framework]. +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | I2NSF Registration Interface Information Model | | | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | | NSF Capability | | NSF Capability | | | | Registration | | Update | | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Figure 1: I2NSF Registration Interface Information Model 4.1. NSF Capability Registration This submodel is used by the DMS to register the capabilities of NSFs with the request of the Security Controller. Figure 2 shows how this submodel is constructed. The most important part in Figure 2 is the NSF capability, and this specifies the set of capabilities that the NSF to be registered can offer. The NSF Name contains a unique name of this NSF with the specified set of capabilities. The NSF name Hyun, et al. Expires 27 August 2023 [Page 5] Internet-Draft Registration Interface YANG Data Model February 2023 MUST be unique within the registered NSFs in the Security Controller to identify the NSF with the capability. The name can be an arbitrary string including Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN). To make sure each vendor does not provide a duplicated name, the name should include the vendor's name (e.g., firewall-cisco, firewall- huawei). When registering the NSF, DMS additionally includes the network access information of the NSF which is required to enable network communications with the NSF. The following sections will further explain the NSF capability information and the NSF access information in more detail. +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | NSF Capability | | Registration | +-+-+-+-+^+-+-+-+-+ | +---------------------+--------------------+ | | | | | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | NSF | | NSF Capability| | NSF Access | | Name | | Information | | Information | +-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Figure 2: NSF Capability Registration Sub-Model 4.1.1. NSF Capability Information NSF Capability Information basically describes the security capabilities of an NSF. In Figure 3, we show capability objects of an NSF. Following the information model of NSF capabilities defined in [I-D.ietf-i2nsf-capability-data-model], we share the same I2NSF security capabilities: Directional Capabilities, Event Capabilities, Condition Capabilities, Action Capabilities, Resolution Strategy Capabilities, Default Action Capabilities. Also, NSF Capability Information additionally contains the specification of an NSF as shown in Figure 3. Hyun, et al. Expires 27 August 2023 [Page 6] Internet-Draft Registration Interface YANG Data Model February 2023 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | NSF Capability | | Information | +-+-+-+-^-+-+-+-+-+ | | +----------------------+----------------------+ | | | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | I2NSF | | NSF | | Capabilities | | Specification | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | +------+-------------+----------------+----------------+-------+ | | | | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Directional | | Event | | Condition | | Action | | | Capabilities| | Capabilities| | Capabilities| | Capabilities| | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | +--------------------+--------------------+-------+ | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Resolution | | Default | | Strategy | | Action | | Capabilities| | Capabilities| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Figure 3: NSF Capability Information 4.1.1.1. NSF Specification This information represents the specification information (e.g., CPU, memory, disk, and bandwidth) of an NSF. As illustrated in Figure 4, this information consists of CPU, memory, disk, and bandwidth. The CPU information describes the Central Processing Unit (CPU) used by the NSF. The information consists of model name, cores, clock speed, and threads. The memory information describes the hardware that stores information temporarily, i.e., Random Access Memory (RAM). The information consists of RAM maximum capacity and RAM speed. The disk information describes the storage information, i.e., Hard Disk and Solid-State Drive. The information given is the maximum capacity of the storage available in the NSF. Hyun, et al. Expires 27 August 2023 [Page 7] Internet-Draft Registration Interface YANG Data Model February 2023 Bandwidth describes the information about available network amount in two cases, such as outbound and inbound. Assuming that the current throughput status of each NSF is being collected through NSF monitoring [I-D.ietf-i2nsf-nsf-monitoring-data-model], this capability information of the NSF can be used to determine whether the NSF is in congestion or not by comparing it with the current throughput of the NSF. +-----------------+ | NSF | | Specification | +--------^--------+ | +-------------+-------+-----+--------------+ | | | | | | | | +--+--+ +----+---+ +---+--+ +-----+-----+ | CPU | | Memory | | Disk | | Bandwidth | +-----+ +--------+ +------+ +-----------+ Figure 4: NSF Specification Overview 4.1.2. NSF Access Information NSF Access Information contains the following that are required to communicate with an NSF through NETCONF [RFC6241] or RESTCONF [RFC8040]: an IP address (i.e., IPv4 or IPv6 address) and a port number. Note that TCP is used as a transport layer protocol due to either NETCONF or RESTCONF. In this document, NSF Access Information is used to identify a specific NSF instance. That is, NSF Access Information is the signature (i.e., unique identifier) of an NSF instance in the overall I2NSF system. 4.2. NSF Capability Update The deployed NSFs may require to be updated to improve the quality of the security service. The Security Controller can request for an update Security Controller MAY require some additional capabilities to serve the security service request from an I2NSF User, but none of the registered NSFs has the required capabilities. In this case, Security Controller makes a description of the required capabilities by using the NSF capability information submodel in Section 4.1.1, and sends DMS a query about which NSF(s) can provide these capabilities. Hyun, et al. Expires 27 August 2023 [Page 8] Internet-Draft Registration Interface YANG Data Model February 2023 5. Data Model 5.1. YANG Tree Diagram This section provides the YANG Tree diagram of the I2NSF registration interface. 5.1.1. Definitions of Symbols in Tree Diagrams A simplified graphical representation of the data model is used in this section. The meaning of the symbols used in the following diagrams [RFC8431] is as follows: Brackets "[" and "]" enclose list keys. Abbreviations before data node names: "rw" means configuration (read-write) and "ro" state data (read-only). Symbols after data node names: "?" means an optional node and "*" denotes a "list" and "leaf-list". Parentheses enclose choice and case nodes, and case nodes are also marked with a colon (":"). Ellipsis ("...") stands for contents of subtrees that are not shown. 5.1.2. YANG Tree of I2NSF Registration Interface The I2NSF Registration Interface is used by the Developer's Management System (DMS) to register NSFs and their capabilities with the Security Controller. Also, in case that the Security Controller fails to find any NSF among the registered NSFs which can provide some required capabilities, Security Controller uses the registration interface to query DMS about NSF(s) having the required capabilities. The following sections describe the YANG data models to support these operations. 5.1.2.1. NSF Capability Registration This section describes the YANG tree for the NSF capability registration and capability query. Hyun, et al. Expires 27 August 2023 [Page 9] Internet-Draft Registration Interface YANG Data Model February 2023 NSF Capability Registration rpcs: +---x nsf-capability-registration | +---w input | | +---w query-nsf-capability | | +---w directional-capabilities* identityref | | +---w event-capabilities | | | +---w system-event-capability* identityref | | | +---w system-alarm-capability* identityref | | +---w condition-capabilities | | | +---w generic-nsf-capabilities | | | | +---w ethernet-capability* identityref | | | | +---w ipv4-capability* identityref | | | | +---w ipv6-capability* identityref | | | | +---w icmpv4-capability* identityref | | | | +---w icmpv6-capability* identityref | | | | +---w tcp-capability* identityref | | | | +---w udp-capability* identityref | | | | +---w sctp-capability* identityref | | | | +---w dccp-capability* identityref | | | +---w advanced-nsf-capabilities | | | | +---w anti-ddos-capability* identityref | | | | +---w ips-capability* identityref | | | | +---w anti-virus-capability* identityref | | | | +---w url-filtering-capability* identityref | | | | +---w voip-vocn-filtering-capability* identityref | | | +---w context-capabilities | | | +---w time-capabilities* identityref | | | +---w application-filter-capabilities* identityref | | | +---w device-type-capabilities* identityref | | | +---w user-condition-capabilities* identityref | | | +---w geographic-capabilities* identityref | | +---w action-capabilities | | | +---w ingress-action-capability* identityref | | | +---w egress-action-capability* identityref | | | +---w log-action-capability* identityref | | +---w resolution-strategy-capabilities* identityref | | +---w default-action-capabilities* identityref | +--ro output | +--ro nsf* [nsf-name] | +--ro nsf-name string | +--ro version? string | +--ro directional-capabilities* identityref | +--ro event-capabilities | | +--ro system-event-capability* identityref | | +--ro system-alarm-capability* identityref | +--ro condition-capabilities | | +--ro generic-nsf-capabilities Hyun, et al. Expires 27 August 2023 [Page 10] Internet-Draft Registration Interface YANG Data Model February 2023 | | | +--ro ethernet-capability* identityref | | | +--ro ipv4-capability* identityref | | | +--ro ipv6-capability* identityref | | | +--ro icmpv4-capability* identityref | | | +--ro icmpv6-capability* identityref | | | +--ro tcp-capability* identityref | | | +--ro udp-capability* identityref | | | +--ro sctp-capability* identityref | | | +--ro dccp-capability* identityref | | +--ro advanced-nsf-capabilities | | | +--ro anti-ddos-capability* identityref | | | +--ro ips-capability* identityref | | | +--ro anti-virus-capability* identityref | | | +--ro url-filtering-capability* identityref | | | +--ro voip-vocn-filtering-capability* identityref | | +--ro context-capabilities | | +--ro time-capabilities* identityref | | +--ro application-filter-capabilities* identityref | | +--ro device-type-capabilities* identityref | | +--ro user-condition-capabilities* identityref | | +--ro geographic-capabilities* identityref | +--ro action-capabilities | | +--ro ingress-action-capability* identityref | | +--ro egress-action-capability* identityref | | +--ro log-action-capability* identityref | +--ro resolution-strategy-capabilities* identityref | +--ro default-action-capabilities* identityref | +--ro nsf-specification | | +--ro cpu | | | +--ro model? string | | | +--ro clock-speed? uint16 | | | +--ro cores? uint8 | | | +--ro threads? uint16 | | +--ro memory | | | +--ro capacity? uint32 | | | +--ro speed? uint32 | | +--ro disk | | | +--ro capacity? uint32 | | +--ro bandwidth | | +--ro outbound? uint64 | | +--ro inbound? uint64 | +--ro nsf-access-info | +--ro ip? union | +--ro port? inet:port-number | +--ro management-protocol? enumeration Figure 5: YANG Tree of NSF Capability Registration Module Hyun, et al. Expires 27 August 2023 [Page 11] Internet-Draft Registration Interface YANG Data Model February 2023 When a Security Controller requests security services to the DMS, DMS uses the I2NSF Capability YANG Data Model [I-D.ietf-i2nsf-capability-data-model] to describe what capabilities the NSFs can offer. Security Controller makes a description of the required capabilities and then queries DMS about which NSF(s) can provide these capabilities. DMS includes the access information of the NSF which is required to make a network connection with the NSF as well as the specification of the NSFs. The NSF access information consists of ip, port, and management-protocol. The field of ip can have either an IPv4 address or an IPv6 address. The port field is used to get the transport protocol port number. As I2NSF uses a YANG data model, the management protocol can be either NETCONF or RESTCONF. The credential management for accessing the NSFs is handled by pre- negotiation with every DMS. This management is out of the scope of this document. The DMS can also include the resource information in terms of CPU, memory, disk, and network bandwidth of the NSF. Detailed overview of NSF specification can be seen in Section 4.1.1.1. 5.1.2.2. NSF Capability Update This section describes the YANG tree for the NSF capability update. I2NSF Capability Update rpcs: +---x nsf-capability-update +---w input | +---w nsf-name? string | +---w version? string +--ro output +--ro nsf +--ro nsf-name? string +--ro version? string +--ro directional-capabilities* identityref +--ro event-capabilities | +--ro system-event-capability* identityref | +--ro system-alarm-capability* identityref +--ro condition-capabilities | +--ro generic-nsf-capabilities | | +--ro ethernet-capability* identityref | | +--ro ipv4-capability* identityref | | +--ro ipv6-capability* identityref | | +--ro icmpv4-capability* identityref | | +--ro icmpv6-capability* identityref | | +--ro tcp-capability* identityref Hyun, et al. Expires 27 August 2023 [Page 12] Internet-Draft Registration Interface YANG Data Model February 2023 | | +--ro udp-capability* identityref | | +--ro sctp-capability* identityref | | +--ro dccp-capability* identityref | +--ro advanced-nsf-capabilities | | +--ro anti-ddos-capability* identityref | | +--ro ips-capability* identityref | | +--ro anti-virus-capability* identityref | | +--ro url-filtering-capability* identityref | | +--ro voip-vocn-filtering-capability* identityref | +--ro context-capabilities | +--ro time-capabilities* identityref | +--ro application-filter-capabilities* identityref | +--ro device-type-capabilities* identityref | +--ro user-condition-capabilities* identityref | +--ro geographic-capabilities* identityref +--ro action-capabilities | +--ro ingress-action-capability* identityref | +--ro egress-action-capability* identityref | +--ro log-action-capability* identityref +--ro resolution-strategy-capabilities* identityref +--ro default-action-capabilities* identityref +--ro nsf-specification | +--ro cpu | | +--ro model? string | | +--ro clock-speed? uint16 | | +--ro cores? uint8 | | +--ro threads? uint16 | +--ro memory | | +--ro capacity? uint32 | | +--ro speed? uint32 | +--ro disk | | +--ro capacity? uint32 | +--ro bandwidth | +--ro outbound? uint64 | +--ro inbound? uint64 +--ro nsf-access-info +--ro ip? union +--ro port? inet:port-number +--ro management-protocol? enumeration Figure 6: YANG Tree of NSF Capability Update Module This YANG data model is used to update the registered NSFs. The update operation started by the Security Controller requesting an updated version of the existing NSFs. This request can be done periodically to get a new update for the NSFs. Hyun, et al. Expires 27 August 2023 [Page 13] Internet-Draft Registration Interface YANG Data Model February 2023 To request for an update, the Security Controller can send the registered NSF's name and its current version. If an update is available, the DMS can update the NSF and inform the Security Controller about the changes from the update with positive response. If no such update, the DMS can reply with a negative response (i.e., rpc-error). 5.2. YANG Data Module This section provides a YANG module of the data model for the registration interface between Security Controller and Developer's Management System, as defined in Section 4. This YANG module imports from [RFC6991] and [I-D.ietf-i2nsf-capability-data-model]. It makes references to [RFC6241] [RFC8040] file "ietf-i2nsf-registration-interface@2023-02-23.yang" module ietf-i2nsf-registration-interface { yang-version 1.1; namespace "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-i2nsf-registration-interface"; prefix i2nsfri; //RFC Ed.: replace occurences of XXXX with actual RFC number and //remove this note import ietf-inet-types { prefix inet; reference "RFC 6991"; } import ietf-i2nsf-capability { prefix i2nsfcap; // RFC Ed.: replace YYYY with actual RFC number of // draft-ietf-i2nsf-capability-data-model and remove this note. reference "RFC YYYY: I2NSF Capability YANG Data Model"; } organization "IETF I2NSF (Interface to Network Security Functions) Working Group"; contact "WG Web: Hyun, et al. Expires 27 August 2023 [Page 14] Internet-Draft Registration Interface YANG Data Model February 2023 WG List: Editor: Sangwon Hyun Editor: Jaehoon Paul Jeong "; description "This module defines a YANG data model for I2NSF Registration Interface. The key words 'MUST', 'MUST NOT', 'REQUIRED', 'SHALL', 'SHALL NOT', 'SHOULD', 'SHOULD NOT', 'RECOMMENDED', 'NOT RECOMMENDED', 'MAY', and 'OPTIONAL' in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 (RFC 2119) (RFC 8174) when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. Copyright (c) 2023 IETF Trust and the persons identified as authors of the code. All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, is permitted pursuant to, and subject to the license terms contained in, the Revised BSD License set forth in Section 4.c of the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info). This version of this YANG module is part of RFC XXXX; see the RFC itself for full legal notices."; revision "2023-02-23" { description "Initial revision"; reference "RFC XXXX: I2NSF Registration Interface YANG Data Model"; // RFC Ed.: replace XXXX with actual RFC number and remove // this note } grouping nsf-specification { description "Description of the specification of an NSF"; container cpu { description "The Central Processing Unit (CPU) specification of the NSF"; Hyun, et al. Expires 27 August 2023 [Page 15] Internet-Draft Registration Interface YANG Data Model February 2023 leaf model { type string; description "The model name of the CPU used in the NSF."; } leaf clock-speed { type uint16; units "MHz"; description "The number of cycles the CPU executes per second, measured in MHz (MegaHertz)."; } leaf cores { type uint8; description "The number of independent CPU in a single computing component."; } leaf threads { type uint16; description "The number of total threads of the CPU"; } } container memory { description "Memory (i.e., Random Access Memory (RAM)) specification of an NSF."; leaf capacity { type uint32; units "MB"; description "The total memory capacity in Megabytes (MB)."; } leaf speed { type uint32; units "MHz"; description "The data transfer rate of the memory in MegaHertz (MHz)."; } } container disk { description "Disk or storage specification of an NSF"; Hyun, et al. Expires 27 August 2023 [Page 16] Internet-Draft Registration Interface YANG Data Model February 2023 leaf capacity { type uint32; units "MB"; description "The disk or storage maximum capacity in Megabytes (MB)."; } } container bandwidth { description "Network bandwidth available on an NSF in the unit of Bps (Bytes per second)"; leaf outbound { type uint64; units "Bps"; description "The maximum outbound network bandwidth available to the NSF in bytes per second (Bps)"; } leaf inbound { type uint64; units "Bps"; description "The maximum inbound network bandwidth available to the NSF in bytes per second (Bps)"; } } } grouping nsf-access-info { description "Information required to access an NSF"; leaf ip { type union { type inet:ip-address-no-zone; type inet:domain-name; } description "Either an IP (IPv4 or IPv6) address or the domain name of this NSF"; } leaf port { type inet:port-number; description "Port available on this NSF"; } Hyun, et al. Expires 27 August 2023 [Page 17] Internet-Draft Registration Interface YANG Data Model February 2023 leaf management-protocol { type enumeration { enum NETCONF { description "Represents the management protocol NETCONF"; reference "RFC 6241: Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF)"; } enum RESTCONF { description "Represents the management protocol RESTCONF"; reference "RFC 8040: RESTCONF Protocol"; } } description "The management protocol used to manage the NSF"; } } grouping nsf { description "The information of an NSF. It consists of the name of the NSF, NSF capabilities, NSF specifications, and NSF access information"; leaf nsf-name { type string; description "The name of this registered NSF. The NSF name MUST be unique to identify the NSF with the capability. The name can be an arbitrary string including Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN)."; } leaf version { type string; description "The NSF's current version level of the software in use. This string MAY indicate the specific software build date and target variant information."; } uses i2nsfcap:nsf-capabilities; container nsf-specification { description "The specification of an NSF"; uses nsf-specification; } container nsf-access-info { description Hyun, et al. Expires 27 August 2023 [Page 18] Internet-Draft Registration Interface YANG Data Model February 2023 "Network access information of this NSF"; uses nsf-access-info; } } rpc nsf-capability-registration { description "Description of the capabilities that the Security Controller requests to the DMS"; input { container query-nsf-capability { description "Description of the capabilities to request"; uses i2nsfcap:nsf-capabilities; reference "RFC YYYY: I2NSF Capability YANG Data Model"; //RFC Ed.: replace YYYY with actual RFC number of //draft-ietf-i2nsf-capability-data-model and remove this note. } } output { list nsf { key "nsf-name"; description "Network access information of an NSF with the requested capabilities"; uses nsf; } } } rpc nsf-capability-update { description "Description of the NSF that the Security Controller requests for an update to the DMS"; input { leaf nsf-name { type string; description "The name of the registered NSF to check for available updates of the NSF information."; } leaf version { type string; description "The version used by the NSF."; } } output { Hyun, et al. Expires 27 August 2023 [Page 19] Internet-Draft Registration Interface YANG Data Model February 2023 container nsf { description "The update for the NSF"; uses nsf; } } } } Figure 7: Registration Interface YANG Data Model 6. IANA Considerations This document requests IANA to register the following URI in the "IETF XML Registry" [RFC3688]: URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-i2nsf-registration-interface Registrant Contact: The IESG. XML: N/A; the requested URI is an XML namespace. This document requests IANA to register the following YANG module in the "YANG Module Names" registry [RFC7950][RFC8525]: Name: ietf-i2nsf-registration-interface Namespace: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-i2nsf-registration-interface Prefix: i2nsfri Reference: RFC XXXX // RFC Ed.: replace XXXX with actual RFC number and remove // this note 7. Security Considerations The YANG module specified in this document defines a data schema designed to be accessed through network management protocols such as NETCONF [RFC6241] or RESTCONF [RFC8040]. The lowest NETCONF layer is the secure transport layer, and the required secure transport is Secure Shell (SSH) [RFC6242]. The lowest RESTCONF layer is HTTPS, and the required secure transport is TLS [RFC8446]. The NETCONF access control model [RFC8341] provides a means of restricting access to specific NETCONF or RESTCONF users to a preconfigured subset of all available NETCONF or RESTCONF protocol operations and content. Hyun, et al. Expires 27 August 2023 [Page 20] Internet-Draft Registration Interface YANG Data Model February 2023 The architecture of I2NSF Framework presents a risk to the implementation of security detection and mitigation activities. The risks of externally operated NSFs are discussed in Section 4 (Threats Associated with Externally Provided NSFs) of [RFC8329]. It is important to have an authentication and authorization method between the communication of the Security Controller and the DMS. The following are threats that need to be considered and mitigated: Compromised DMS with valid credentials: It can send falsified information to the Security Controller to mislead existing detection or mitigation devices. Currently, there is no in- framework mechanism to mitigate this, and it is an issue for such infrastructures. It is important to keep confidential information from unauthorized persons to mitigate the possibility of compromising the DMS with this information. Impersonating DMS: This involves a system trying to send false information while imitating as a DMS; client authentication would help the Security Controller to identify this invalid DMS. The YANG module defined in this document extends the YANG module described in [I-D.ietf-i2nsf-capability-data-model]. Hence, this document shares all the security issues that are specified in Section 9 of [I-D.ietf-i2nsf-capability-data-model]. There are a number of extended data nodes defined in this YANG module that are writable/creatable/deletable (i.e., config true, which is the default). These data nodes MAY be considered sensitive or vulnerable in some network environments. Write operations (e.g., edit-config) to these data nodes without proper protection can have a negative effect on network operations. These are the subtrees and data nodes and their sensitivity/vulnerability: * nsf-specification: The attacker may provide incorrect information of the specification of any target NSF by modifying this. * nsf-access-info: The attacker may provide incorrect network access information of any target NSF by modifying this. Some of the readable extended data nodes in this YANG module MAY be considered sensitive or vulnerable in some network environments. It is thus important to control read access (e.g., via get, get-config, or notification) to these data nodes. These are the subtrees and data nodes and their sensitivity/vulnerability: * nsf-specification: The attacker may gather the specification information of any target NSF and misuse the information for subsequent attacks. Hyun, et al. Expires 27 August 2023 [Page 21] Internet-Draft Registration Interface YANG Data Model February 2023 * nsf-access-info: The attacker may gather the network access information of any target NSF and misuse the information for subsequent attacks. The RPC operation in this YANG module MAY be considered sensitive or vulnerable in some network environments. It is thus important to control access to this operation. The following is the operation and its sensitivity/vulnerability: * nsf-capability-query: The attacker may exploit this RPC operation to deteriorate the availability of the DMS and/or gather the information of some interested NSFs from the DMS. Some of the product capabilities provided by a vendor may be publicly known, the DMS should provide an authentication and authorization method to make sure this node cannot be used for exploitation. 8. References 8.1. Normative References [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, . [RFC2131] Droms, R., "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol", RFC 2131, DOI 10.17487/RFC2131, March 1997, . [RFC3688] Mealling, M., "The IETF XML Registry", BCP 81, RFC 3688, DOI 10.17487/RFC3688, January 2004, . [RFC6241] Enns, R., Ed., Bjorklund, M., Ed., Schoenwaelder, J., Ed., and A. Bierman, Ed., "Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF)", RFC 6241, DOI 10.17487/RFC6241, June 2011, . [RFC6242] Wasserman, M., "Using the NETCONF Protocol over Secure Shell (SSH)", RFC 6242, DOI 10.17487/RFC6242, June 2011, . [RFC6991] Schoenwaelder, J., Ed., "Common YANG Data Types", RFC 6991, DOI 10.17487/RFC6991, July 2013, . Hyun, et al. Expires 27 August 2023 [Page 22] Internet-Draft Registration Interface YANG Data Model February 2023 [RFC7950] Bjorklund, M., Ed., "The YANG 1.1 Data Modeling Language", RFC 7950, DOI 10.17487/RFC7950, August 2016, . [RFC8040] Bierman, A., Bjorklund, M., and K. Watsen, "RESTCONF Protocol", RFC 8040, DOI 10.17487/RFC8040, January 2017, . [RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174, May 2017, . [RFC8329] Lopez, D., Lopez, E., Dunbar, L., Strassner, J., and R. Kumar, "Framework for Interface to Network Security Functions", RFC 8329, DOI 10.17487/RFC8329, February 2018, . [RFC8340] Bjorklund, M. and L. Berger, Ed., "YANG Tree Diagrams", BCP 215, RFC 8340, DOI 10.17487/RFC8340, March 2018, . [RFC8341] Bierman, A. and M. Bjorklund, "Network Configuration Access Control Model", STD 91, RFC 8341, DOI 10.17487/RFC8341, March 2018, . [RFC8342] Bjorklund, M., Schoenwaelder, J., Shafer, P., Watsen, K., and R. Wilton, "Network Management Datastore Architecture (NMDA)", RFC 8342, DOI 10.17487/RFC8342, March 2018, . [RFC8407] Bierman, A., "Guidelines for Authors and Reviewers of Documents Containing YANG Data Models", BCP 216, RFC 8407, DOI 10.17487/RFC8407, October 2018, . [RFC8415] Mrugalski, T., Siodelski, M., Volz, B., Yourtchenko, A., Richardson, M., Jiang, S., Lemon, T., and T. Winters, "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6)", RFC 8415, DOI 10.17487/RFC8415, November 2018, . [RFC8431] Wang, L., Chen, M., Dass, A., Ananthakrishnan, H., Kini, S., and N. Bahadur, "A YANG Data Model for the Routing Information Base (RIB)", RFC 8431, DOI 10.17487/RFC8431, September 2018, . Hyun, et al. Expires 27 August 2023 [Page 23] Internet-Draft Registration Interface YANG Data Model February 2023 [RFC8446] Rescorla, E., "The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.3", RFC 8446, DOI 10.17487/RFC8446, August 2018, . [RFC8525] Bierman, A., Bjorklund, M., Schoenwaelder, J., Watsen, K., and R. Wilton, "YANG Library", RFC 8525, DOI 10.17487/RFC8525, March 2019, . [I-D.ietf-i2nsf-applicability] Jeong, J. P., Hyun, S., Ahn, T., Hares, S., and D. Lopez, "Applicability of Interfaces to Network Security Functions to Network-Based Security Services", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-i2nsf-applicability-18, 16 September 2019, . [I-D.ietf-i2nsf-capability-data-model] Hares, S., Jeong, J. P., Kim, J. T., Moskowitz, R., and Q. Lin, "I2NSF Capability YANG Data Model", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-i2nsf-capability-data-model-32, 23 May 2022, . 8.2. Informative References [RFC3444] Pras, A. and J. Schoenwaelder, "On the Difference between Information Models and Data Models", RFC 3444, DOI 10.17487/RFC3444, January 2003, . [RFC3849] Huston, G., Lord, A., and P. Smith, "IPv6 Address Prefix Reserved for Documentation", RFC 3849, DOI 10.17487/RFC3849, July 2004, . [RFC5737] Arkko, J., Cotton, M., and L. Vegoda, "IPv4 Address Blocks Reserved for Documentation", RFC 5737, DOI 10.17487/RFC5737, January 2010, . [RFC7348] Mahalingam, M., Dutt, D., Duda, K., Agarwal, P., Kreeger, L., Sridhar, T., Bursell, M., and C. Wright, "Virtual eXtensible Local Area Network (VXLAN): A Framework for Overlaying Virtualized Layer 2 Networks over Layer 3 Networks", RFC 7348, DOI 10.17487/RFC7348, August 2014, . Hyun, et al. Expires 27 August 2023 [Page 24] Internet-Draft Registration Interface YANG Data Model February 2023 [I-D.ietf-i2nsf-nsf-monitoring-data-model] Jeong, J. P., Lingga, P., Hares, S., Xia, L., and H. Birkholz, "I2NSF NSF Monitoring Interface YANG Data Model", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf- i2nsf-nsf-monitoring-data-model-20, 1 June 2022, . [I-D.ietf-nvo3-vxlan-gpe] Maino, F., Kreeger, L., and U. Elzur, "Generic Protocol Extension for VXLAN (VXLAN-GPE)", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-nvo3-vxlan-gpe-12, 22 September 2021, . [nfv-framework] "Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV); Architectureal Framework", ETSI GS NFV 002 ETSI GS NFV 002 V1.1.1, October 2013. Appendix A. XML Examples of an NSF Registration with I2NSF Registration Interface Data Model This section shows XML examples of the I2NSF Registration Interface data model for registering the capabilities in either IPv4 networks [RFC5737] or IPv6 networks [RFC3849] with Security Controller. Hyun, et al. Expires 27 August 2023 [Page 25] Internet-Draft Registration Interface YANG Data Model February 2023 source-address destination-address user-defined drop drop Figure 8: XML Examples of an NSF Query with I2NSF Registration Interface Data Model ipv4_general_firewall 1.2.0 next-header source-address destination-address source-port-number destination-port-number pass drop mirror pass drop mirror Hyun, et al. Expires 27 August 2023 [Page 26] Internet-Draft Registration Interface YANG Data Model February 2023 Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-10510U 1800 4 8 8192 2667 239000 1000000000 1000000000 192.0.2.11 49152 NETCONF ipv4_web_filter 1.1.0 user-defined pass drop mirror pass drop mirror Hyun, et al. Expires 27 August 2023 [Page 27] Internet-Draft Registration Interface YANG Data Model February 2023 Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-10510U 1800 4 8 8192 2667 239000 1000000000 1000000000 192.0.2.12 49152 NETCONF Figure 9: XML Reply for the Registration of General Firewall in an IPv4 Network and Web Filter Figure 8 shows the query for NSF(s) that can inspect IPv4 source address, destination address, and URL. Figure 9 shows the reply for the configuration XML for registering a general firewall and a web filter in an IPv4 network [RFC5737] and their capabilities. The general firewall registered is as follows. 1. The first instance name of the NSF is ipv4_general_firewall. 2. The version used is 1.2.0. 3. The NSF can inspect IPv4 protocol header field, source address(es), and destination address(es). Hyun, et al. Expires 27 August 2023 [Page 28] Internet-Draft Registration Interface YANG Data Model February 2023 4. The NSF can inspect the port number(s) for the transport layer protocol, i.e., TCP. 5. The NSF can determine whether the packets are allowed to pass, drop, or mirror. 6. The NSF's CPU model is Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-10510U. The clock speed is 1800 MHz, with 4 cores and 8 total threads. 7. The NSF's memory capacity is 8192 MB with the speed 2667 MHz. 8. The NSF's storage can hold maximum 239000 MB. 9. The network bandwidth available on the NSF is 1 GBps for both the outbound traffic and inbound traffic. 10. The IPv4 address of the NSF is 192.0.2.11. 11. The port of the NSF is 49152 using the NETCONF protocol. The web filter registered is as follows. 1. The first instance name of the NSF is ipv4_web_filter. 2. The version used is 1.1.0. 3. The NSF can inspect a URL matched from a user-defined URL. User can specify their own URL. 4. The NSF can determine whether the packets are allowed to pass, drop, or mirror. 5. The NSF's CPU model is Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-10510U. The clock speed is 1800 MHz, with 4 cores and 8 total threads. 6. The NSF's memory capacity is 8192 MB with the speed 2667 MHz. 7. The NSF's storage can hold maximum 239000 MB. 8. The network bandwidth available on the NSF is 1 GBps for both the outbound traffic and inbound traffic. 9. The IPv4 address of the NSF is 192.0.2.12. 10. The port of the NSF is 49152 using the NETCONF protocol. Hyun, et al. Expires 27 August 2023 [Page 29] Internet-Draft Registration Interface YANG Data Model February 2023 source-address destination-address user-defined drop drop Figure 10: XML Examples of an NSF Query with I2NSF Registration Interface Data Model ipv4_general_firewall 1.2.0 next-header source-address destination-address source-port-number destination-port-number pass drop mirror pass drop mirror Hyun, et al. Expires 27 August 2023 [Page 30] Internet-Draft Registration Interface YANG Data Model February 2023 Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-10510U 1800 4 8 8192 2667 239000 1000000000 1000000000 2001:db8:0:1::11 49153 NETCONF ipv6_web_filter 1.1.0 user-defined pass drop mirror pass drop mirror Hyun, et al. Expires 27 August 2023 [Page 31] Internet-Draft Registration Interface YANG Data Model February 2023 Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-10510U 1800 4 8 8192 2667 239000 1000000000 1000000000 2001:db8:0:1::12 49153 NETCONF Figure 11: XML Reply for the Registration of General Firewall in an IPv4 Network and Web Filter In addition, Figure 10 and Figure 11 shows the query and reply message for the configuration XML for registering a general firewall in an IPv6 network [RFC3849] and webfilter with their capabilities. 1. The instance name of the NSF is ipv6_general_firewall. 2. The version used is 1.2.0. 3. The NSF can inspect IPv6 next header, flow direction, source address(es), and destination address(es) 4. The NSF can inspect the port number(s) and flow direction for the transport layer protocol, i.e., TCP. Hyun, et al. Expires 27 August 2023 [Page 32] Internet-Draft Registration Interface YANG Data Model February 2023 5. The NSF can determine whether the packets are allowed to pass, drop, or mirror. 6. The NSF's CPU model is Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-10510U. The clock speed is 1800 MHz, with 4 cores and 8 total threads. 7. The NSF's memory capacity is 8192 MB with the speed 2667 MHz. 8. The NSF's storage can hold maximum 239 GB. 9. The network bandwidth available on the NSF is 1 GBps for both the outbound and inbound traffics. 10. The IPv6 address of the NSF is 2001:db8:0:1::11. 11. The port of the NSF is 49153 using the NETCONF protocol. The web filter registered is as follows. 1. The first instance name of the NSF is ipv6_web_filter. 2. The version used is 1.1.0. 3. The NSF can inspect a URL matched from a user-defined URL. User can specify their own URL. 4. The NSF can determine whether the packets are allowed to pass, drop, or mirror. 5. The NSF's CPU model is Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-10510U. The clock speed is 1800 MHz, with 4 cores and 8 total threads. 6. The NSF's memory capacity is 8192 MB with the speed 2667 MHz. 7. The NSF's storage can hold maximum 239000 MB. 8. The network bandwidth available on the NSF is 1 GBps for both the outbound traffic and inbound traffic. 9. The IPv4 address of the NSF is 2001:db8:0:1::12. 10. The port of the NSF is 49153 using the NETCONF protocol. Hyun, et al. Expires 27 August 2023 [Page 33] Internet-Draft Registration Interface YANG Data Model February 2023 Appendix B. XML Examples of an NSF Update Request with I2NSF Registration Interface Data Model This section shows an XML example of the Security Controller requesting an update for an NSF. In this example, the Security Controller requests an update for the registered General Firewall for the IPv4 network. To do so, it makes a query as follows: ipv4_general_firewall 1.2.0 Figure 12: XML for NSF Query of a Web Filter After receiving a query given in Figure 12, the DMS can reply with following XML: ipv4_general_firewall 2.0.0 next-header source-address destination-address source-port-number destination-port-number source-port-number destination-port-number pass drop mirror pass drop mirror Hyun, et al. Expires 27 August 2023 [Page 34] Internet-Draft Registration Interface YANG Data Model February 2023 Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-10510U 1800 4 8 8192 2667 239000 1000000000 1000000000 2001:db8:0:1::11 49153 NETCONF Figure 13: XML for the Reply of NSF Query of a Web Filter Figure 12 shows the XML for requesting an update for the NSF named ipv4_general_firewall. In the reply shown in Figure 13, the NSF has been updated with a new version (i.e., 2.0.0) and extended capabilities (i.e., inspect the port number(s) for UDP packets). Appendix C. NSF Lifecycle Management in NFV Environments Network Functions Virtualization (called NFV) can be used to implement I2NSF framework. In NFV environments, NSFs are deployed as virtual network functions (VNFs). Security Controller can be implemented as an Element Management (EM) of the NFV architecture, and is connected with the VNF Manager (VNFM) via the Ve-Vnfm interface [nfv-framework]. Security Controller can use this interface for the purpose of the lifecycle management of NSFs. If some NSFs need to be instantiated to enforce security policies in the I2NSF framework, Security Controller could request the VNFM to instantiate them through the DMS having the Ve-Vnfm interface with Hyun, et al. Expires 27 August 2023 [Page 35] Internet-Draft Registration Interface YANG Data Model February 2023 the VNFM. Refer to Section 8 of [I-D.ietf-i2nsf-applicability] for the detailed description on I2NSF Framework with NFV. Or if an NSF, running as a VNF, is not used by any flows for a time period, Security Controller may request deinstantiating it through the DMS having the Ve-Vnfm interface with the VNFM for efficient resource utilization. Appendix D. Acknowledgments This document is a product by the I2NSF Working Group (WG) including WG Chairs (i.e., Linda Dunbar and Yoav Nir) and Diego Lopez. This document took advantage of the review and comments from the following people: Roman Danyliw, Reshad Rahman (YANG doctor), and Tom Petch. We authors sincerely appreciate their sincere efforts and kind help. This work was supported by Institute of Information & Communications Technology Planning & Evaluation (IITP) grant funded by the Korea MSIT (Ministry of Science and ICT) (No. 2016-0-00078, Cloud Based Security Intelligence Technology Development for the Customized Security Service Provisioning). This work was supported in part by the IITP (2020-0-00395-003, Standard Development of Blockchain based Network Management Automation Technology). Appendix E. Contributors The following are co-authors of this document: Patrick Lingga - Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seo-ro Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea. EMail: patricklink@skku.edu Jinyong (Tim) Kim - Department of Electronic, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seo-ro Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea. EMail: timkim@skku.edu Chaehong Chung - Department of Electronic, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seo-ro Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea. EMail: darkhong@skku.edu Susan Hares - Huawei, 7453 Hickory Hill, Saline, MI 48176, USA. EMail: shares@ndzh.com Diego R. Lopez - Telefonica I+D, Jose Manuel Lara, 9, Seville, 41013, Spain. EMail: diego.r.lopez@telefonica.com Hyun, et al. Expires 27 August 2023 [Page 36] Internet-Draft Registration Interface YANG Data Model February 2023 Appendix F. Changes from draft-ietf-i2nsf-registration-interface-dm-22 The following changes are made from draft-ietf-i2nsf-registration- interface-dm-22: * This version has reflected the 2nd AD Review of Roman Danyliw. Authors' Addresses Sangwon Hyun (editor) Department of Computer Engineering Myongji University 116 Myongji-ro, Cheoin-gu Yongin Gyeonggi-do 17058 Republic of Korea Email: shyun@mju.ac.kr Jaehoon Paul Jeong (editor) Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sungkyunkwan University 2066 Seobu-Ro, Jangan-Gu Suwon Gyeonggi-Do 16419 Republic of Korea Phone: +82 31 299 4957 Email: pauljeong@skku.edu URI: http://iotlab.skku.edu/people-jaehoon-jeong.php Taekyun Roh Department of Electronic, Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University 2066 Seobu-Ro, Jangan-Gu Suwon Gyeonggi-Do 16419 Republic of Korea Phone: +82 31 290 7222 Email: tkroh0198@skku.edu Sarang Wi Department of Electronic, Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Hyun, et al. Expires 27 August 2023 [Page 37] Internet-Draft Registration Interface YANG Data Model February 2023 2066 Seobu-Ro, Jangan-Gu Suwon Gyeonggi-Do 16419 Republic of Korea Phone: +82 31 290 7222 Email: dnl9795@skku.edu Jung-Soo Park Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute 218 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu Daejeon 305-700 Republic of Korea Phone: +82 42 860 6514 Email: pjs@etri.re.kr Hyun, et al. Expires 27 August 2023 [Page 38]