Network Working Group H. Chen Internet-Draft Futurewei Intended status: Standards Track M. Toy Expires: December 3, 2021 Verizon Y. Yang IBM A. Wang China Telecom X. Liu Volta Networks Y. Fan Casa Systems L. Liu Fujitsu June 1, 2021 Flooding Topology Minimum Degree Algorithm draft-ietf-lsr-flooding-topo-min-degree-02 Abstract This document proposes an algorithm for a node to compute a flooding topology, which is a subgraph of the complete topology per underline physical network. When every node in an area automatically calculates a flooding topology by using a same algorithm and floods the link states using the flooding topology, the amount of flooding traffic in the network is greatly reduced. This would reduce convergence time with a more stable and optimized routing environment. Requirements Language The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119]. Status of This Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Chen, et al. Expires December 3, 2021 [Page 1] Internet-Draft FTC Algorithm June 2021 Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This Internet-Draft will expire on December 3, 2021. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2021 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3. Flooding Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3.1. Flooding Topology Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4. Algorithms to Compute Flooding Topology . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4.1. Algorithm with Considering Degree . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4.2. Algorithm with Considering Others . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 6. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 7. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 8.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 8.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Appendix A. FT Computation Details through Example . . . . . . . 7 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1. Introduction For some networks such as dense Data Center (DC) networks, the existing Link State (LS) flooding mechanism is not efficient and may have some issues. The extra LS flooding consumes network bandwidth. Processing the extra LS flooding, including receiving, buffering and decoding the extra LSs, wastes memory space and processor time. This Chen, et al. Expires December 3, 2021 [Page 2] Internet-Draft FTC Algorithm June 2021 may cause scalability issues and affect the network convergence negatively. This document proposes an algorithm for a node to compute a flooding topology, which is a subgraph of the complete topology per underline physical network. The physical network can be any network, including clos leaf spine network. It can be used in the distributed mode of flooding topology computation for flooding reduction and the centralized mode, which are described in [I-D.ietf-lsr-dynamic-flooding]. When the distributed mode is selected, every node in an area automatically calculates a flooding topology by using a same algorithm and floods the link states using the flooding topology, the amount of flooding traffic in the network is greatly reduced. This would reduce convergence time with a more stable and optimized routing environment. There may be multiple algorithms for computing a flooding topology. Users can select one they prefer, and smoothly switch from one to another. 2. Terminology LSA: A Link State Advertisement in OSPF. LSP: A Link State Protocol Data Unit (PDU) in IS-IS. LS: A Link Sate, which is an LSA or LSP. FT: Flooding Topology. FTC: Flooding Topology Computation. 3. Flooding Topology For a given network topology, a flooding topology is a sub-graph or sub-network of the given network topology that has the same reachability to every node as the given network topology. Thus all the nodes in the given network topology MUST be in the flooding topology. All the nodes MUST be inter-connected directly or indirectly. As a result, LS flooding will in most cases occur only on the flooding topology, that includes all nodes but a subset of links. Note even though the flooding topology is a sub-graph of the original topology, any single LS MUST still be disseminated in the entire network. Chen, et al. Expires December 3, 2021 [Page 3] Internet-Draft FTC Algorithm June 2021 3.1. Flooding Topology Construction Many different flooding topologies can be constructed for a given network topology. For example, a chain connecting all the nodes in the given network topology is a flooding topology. A circle connecting all the nodes is another flooding topology. A tree connecting all the nodes is a flooding topology. In addition, the tree plus the connections between some leaves of the tree and branch nodes of the tree is a flooding topology. The following parameters need to be considered for constructing a flooding topology: o Degree: The degree of the flooding topology is the maximum degree among the degrees of the nodes on the flooding topology. The degree of a node on the flooding topology is the number of connections on the flooding topology it has to other nodes. o Number of links: The number of links on the flooding topology is a key factor for reducing the amount of LS flooding. In general, the smaller the number of links, the less the amount of LS flooding. o Diameter: The diameter of the flooding topology is the shortest distance between the two most distant nodes on the flooding topology. It is a key factor for reducing the network convergence time. The smaller the diameter, the less the convergence time. o Redundancy: The redundancy of the flooding topology means a tolerance to the failures of some links and nodes on the flooding topology. If the flooding topology is split by some failures, it is not tolerant to these failures. In general, the larger the number of links on the flooding topology is, the more tolerant the flooding topology to failures. Note that the flooding topology constructed by a node is dynamic in nature, that means when the base topology (the entire topology graph) changes, the flooding topology (the sub-graph) MUST be re-computed/ re-constructed to ensure that any node that is reachable on the base topology MUST also be reachable on the flooding topology. 4. Algorithms to Compute Flooding Topology There are many algorithms to compute a flooding topology. A simple and efficient one is briefed, which comprises: o Selecting a node R0 with the smallest node ID; Chen, et al. Expires December 3, 2021 [Page 4] Internet-Draft FTC Algorithm June 2021 o Building a tree using R0 as root in breadth first; and then o Connecting each node whose degree is one to another node to have a flooding topology. 4.1. Algorithm with Considering Degree The algorithm is described below, where a variable MaxD with an initial value 3, data structures candidate queue Cq and flooding topology FT are used. Cq and FT comprise elements of form (N, D, PHs), where N represents a Node, D is the Degree of node N, and PHs contains the Previous Hops of node N. The detailed FT computation by the algorithm is illustrated in Appendix A through an example. The algorithm starts from node R0 as root with a maximum degree MaxD of value 3, a candidate queue Cq = {(R0, D = 0, PHs = { })}, and an empty flooding topology FT = { }. Cq contains one element (R0, D = 0, PHs = { }), where node R0 is the root, D = 0 indicates that the Degree (D for short) of R0 is 0 (i.e., the number of links on the flooding topology connected to R0 is 0), PHs = { } indicates that the Previous Hops (PHs for short) of R0 is empty. 1. Finding and removing the first element with node A in Cq that is not on FT and one PH's D in PHs < MaxD. If A is root R0, then add the element into FT otherwise (i.e., A != R0 with one PH's D in PHs < MaxD. Assume that PH is the first one in PHs whose D < MaxD), PH's D++, and add A with D = 1 and PHs = {PH} into FT. Note: if no element in Cq satisfies the conditions, algorithm is restarted from R0, ++MaxD, Cq = {(R0,D=0,PHs={ })}, FT = { }; 2. If all the nodes are on the FT, then goto step 4; 3. Suppose that node Xi (i = 1, 2,..., n) is connected to node A and not on FT, and X1, X2,..., Xn are in an increasing order by their IDs (i.e., X1's ID < X2's ID < ... < Xn's ID). If Xi is not in Cq, then add it into the end of Cq with D = 0 and PHs = {A}; otherwise (i.e., Xi is in Cq), add A into the end of Xi's PHs; Goto step 1. 4. For each node B on FT whose D is one (from minimum to maximum node ID), find a link L attached to B such that L's remote node R has minimum D and ID, add link L between B and R into FT and increase B's D and R's D by one. Return FT. Chen, et al. Expires December 3, 2021 [Page 5] Internet-Draft FTC Algorithm June 2021 4.2. Algorithm with Considering Others There may be some constraints on some nodes in a network. For example, in a spine-and-leaf network, there may be a constraint on the degree of every leaf node on the flooding topology, which is that the degree of every leaf node is not greater than a given number ConMaxD of value 2. For each of the other nodes such as the spine nodes, there is no such constraint, that is that ConMaxD is a huge number for each of these nodes. Step 1 of the algorithm described above is updated below to consider this constraint. In addition to checking constraint PH's D < MaxD, step 1 checks another constraint PH's D < PH's ConMaxD. 1. Finding and removing the first element with node A in Cq that is not on FT and one PH's D in PHs < MaxD and PH's D < PH's ConMaxD. If A is root R0, then add the element into FT otherwise (i.e., A != R0 with one PH's D in PHs < MaxD and PH's D < PH's ConMaxD. Assume that PH is the first one in PHs whose D < MaxD and PH's D < PH's ConMaxD), PH's D++, and add A with D = 1 and PHs = {PH} into FT. Note: if no element in Cq satisfies the conditions, algorithm is restarted from R0, ++MaxD, Cq = {(R0,D=0,PHs={ })}, FT = { }; 5. Security Considerations This document does not introduce any new security issue. 6. IANA Considerations Under Registry Name: "IGP Algorithm Type For Computing Flooding Topology" under an existing "Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) Parameters" IANA registries (refer to Section 7.3. IGP [I-D.ietf-lsr-dynamic-flooding]), IANA is requested to assign one value of IGP Algorithm Type For Computing Flooding Topology as follows: +==========+========================================+=============+ |Type Value| Type Name | reference | +==========+========================================+=============+ | 1 | Breadth First Minimum Degree Algorithm |This document| +----------+----------------------------------------+-------------+ | 2 | Breadth First Leaf Constraint Algorithm|This document| +----------+----------------------------------------+-------------+ Chen, et al. Expires December 3, 2021 [Page 6] Internet-Draft FTC Algorithm June 2021 7. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Dean Cheng, Acee Lindem, Zhibo Hu, Robin Li, Stephane Litkowski and Alvaro Retana for their valuable suggestions and comments on this draft. 8. References 8.1. Normative References [I-D.ietf-lsr-dynamic-flooding] Li, T., Psenak, P., Ginsberg, L., Chen, H., Przygienda, T., Cooper, D., Jalil, L., Dontula, S., and G. S. Mishra, "Dynamic Flooding on Dense Graphs", draft-ietf-lsr- dynamic-flooding-08 (work in progress), December 2020. [RFC1195] Callon, R., "Use of OSI IS-IS for routing in TCP/IP and dual environments", RFC 1195, DOI 10.17487/RFC1195, December 1990, . [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, . [RFC2328] Moy, J., "OSPF Version 2", STD 54, RFC 2328, DOI 10.17487/RFC2328, April 1998, . 8.2. Informative References [I-D.ietf-rtgwg-spf-uloop-pb-statement] Litkowski, S., Decraene, B., and M. Horneffer, "Impact of Shortest Path First (SPF) Trigger and Delay Strategies on IGP Micro-loops", draft-ietf-rtgwg-spf-uloop-pb- statement-10 (work in progress), January 2019. [RFC8126] Cotton, M., Leiba, B., and T. Narten, "Guidelines for Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 8126, DOI 10.17487/RFC8126, June 2017, . Appendix A. FT Computation Details through Example This section presents the details on FT computation by the algorithm through an example. The detailed procedure of computing a FT for a network of five nodes with full mess connections is illustrated. Suppose that the network has five nodes R0, R1, R2, R3 and R4; R0's Chen, et al. Expires December 3, 2021 [Page 7] Internet-Draft FTC Algorithm June 2021 ID < R1's ID < R2's ID < R3's ID < R4's ID. The algorithm starts with Cq = {(R0, D=0, PH={})}, FT = {}, MaxD = 3. 0. // remove the first element containing root R0 from Cq Cq = { }; // add the element into FT FT = { (R0,D=0,PHs={ }) }; // root R0 on FT // for each Ri connected to R0 (not in Cq), add it to the end of Cq Cq = { (R1,D=0,PHs={R0}), (R2,D=0,PHs={R0}), (R3,D=0,PHs={R0}), ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ (R4,D=0,PHs={R0}) } R0 __/--- O ---\__ __/ / \ \__ __/ / \ \__ __/ / \ \__ / / \ \ R1 O--\_--------/---------\--------_/--O R4 \ \____ / \ ____/ / \ \/ \/ / \ /\_____ ____/\ / \ / ___\__/___ \ / \ / / \ \ / \/____/ \___\/ R2 O -------------------- O R3 1. //remove first element (R1,D=0,PHs={R0}) from Cq, R0's D=0 < MaxD Cq = { (R2,0,{R0}), (R3,0,{R0}), (R4,0,{R0}) }; // add (R1,1,{R0}) into FT, increase PH R0's D by one FT = { (R0,1, { }), (R1,1, {R0}) }; // Link R1--R0 on FT ^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^ // for Ri connected to R1 (in Cq) not on FT, append R1 to Ri's PHs Cq = { (R2,0, {R0,R1}), (R3,0, {R0,R1}), (R4,0,{R0,R1}) }. ^^ ^^ ^^ R0 ==== Link on FT __//== O ---\__ __// / \ \__ link R1--R0 added to FT __// / \ \__ __// / \ \__ // / \ \ R1 O--\_--------/---------\--------_/--O R4 \ \____ / \ ____/ / \ \/ \/ / \ /\_____ ____/\ / \ / ___\__/___ \ / \ / / \ \ / \/____/ \___\/ R2 O --------------------- O R3 Chen, et al. Expires December 3, 2021 [Page 8] Internet-Draft FTC Algorithm June 2021 2. // remove the first element (R2,0, {R0,R1}) from Cq, R0's D=1 < MaxD Cq = { (R3,0, {R0,R1}), (R4,0,{R0,R1}) } // add (R2,1,{R0}) into FT, increase R0's D by one FT = { (R0,2,{ }), (R1,1,{R0}), (R2,1,{R0}) } //Link R2--R0 on FT ^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^ // for Ri connected to R2 (in Cq) not on FT, append R2 to Ri's PHs Cq = { (R3,0, {R0,R1,R2}), (R4,0,{R0,R1,R2}) } ^^ ^^ R0 ==== Link on FT __//== O ---\__ __// // \ \__ link R2--R0 added to FT __// // \ \__ __// // \ \__ // // \ \ R1 O--\_-------//---------\--------_/--O R4 \ \____ // \ ____/ / \ \/ \/ / \ //\_____ ____/\ / \ // ___\__/___ \ / \ // / \ \ / \/____/ \___\/ R2 O --------------------- O R3 3. //remove the 1st element (R3,0,{R0,R1,R2}) from Cq, R0's D=2 < MaxD Cq = { (R4,0,{R0,R1,R2}) } // add (R3,1,{R0}) into FT, increase R0's D by one FT = { (R0,3,{}), (R1,1,{R0}), (R2,1,{R0}), (R3,1,{R0}) } ^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^ // for Ri connected to R3 (in Cq) not on FT, append R3 to Ri's PHs Cq = { (R4,0,{R0,R1,R2,R3}) }. ^^ R0 ==== Link on FT __//== O ---\__ __// // \\ \__ link R3--R0 added to FT __// // \\ \__ __// // \\ \__ // // \\ \ R1 O--\_-------//---------\\-------_/--O R4 \ \____ // \\ ____/ / \ \/ \/ / \ //\_____ ____/\\ / \ // ___\__/___ \\ / \ // / \ \\ / \/____/ \___\/ R2 O --------------------- O R3 Chen, et al. Expires December 3, 2021 [Page 9] Internet-Draft FTC Algorithm June 2021 4. //remove the 1st element (R4,0,{R0,R1,R2,R3}) from Cq,R1's D=1 < MaxD Cq = { } // add (R4,1,{R1}) into FT, increase R1's D by one FT = {(R0,3,{}), (R1,2,{R0}), (R2,1,{R0}), (R3,1,{R0}), (R4,1,{R1})} ^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^ R0 ==== Link on FT __//== O ---\__ __// // \\ \__ link R4--R1 added to FT __// // \\ \__ __// // \\ \__ // // \\ \ R1 O==\_=======//=========\\=======_/==O R4 \ \____ // \\ ____/ / \ \/ \/ / \ //\_____ ____/\\ / \ // ___\__/___ \\ / \ // / \ \\ / \/____/ \___\/ R2 O --------------------- O R3 All nodes are on FT now. In the following, for each node on FT whose D = 1 (from minimum to maximum ID), link L attached to it and not on FT is found such that L's remote node has minimum D and ID. L is added into FT. 5. // On FT, get node R2 with smallest ID whose D=1 FT = {(R0,3,{}),(R1,2,{R0}),(R2,1,{R0}),(R3,1,{R0}), (R4,1,{R1})} // Add link R2--R3 to FT, ^^^^^^^^^^^ // where R2--R3 is not on FT, R3's D=1 is minimum first and then // R3's ID is minimum (R3 and R4 tie for D), R2's D++ and R3's D++ FT = {(R0,3,{}),(R1,2,{R0}),(R2,2,{R0,R3}),(R3,2,{R0}),(R4,1,{R1})} ^^^ ^^ ^^^ R0 ==== Link on FT __//== O ---\__ __// // \\ \__ link R2--R3 added to FT __// // \\ \__ __// // \\ \__ // // \\ \ R1 O==\_=======//=========\\=======_/==O R4 \ \____ // \\ ____/ / \ \/ \/ / \ //\_____ ____/\\ / \ // ___\__/___ \\ / \ // / \ \\ / \/____/ \___\/ R2 O ===================== O R3 Chen, et al. Expires December 3, 2021 [Page 10] Internet-Draft FTC Algorithm June 2021 6. // On FT, get node R4 with smallest ID whose D=1 FT = {(R0,3,{}),(R1,2,{R0}),(R2,2,{R0,R3}),(R3,2,{R0}),(R4,1,{R1})} // Add link R4--R2 to FT, where ^^^^^^^^^^^ // R4--R2 is not on FT, R2's D=2 is minimum first and then R2's ID is // minimum (R2 and R3 tie for D), increase R2's D and R4's D by one FT = {(R0,3,{}),(R1,2,{R0}),(R2,3,{R0,R3}),(R3,2,{R0}),(R4,2,{R1,R2})} ^^^ ^^^ ^^ R0 ==== Link on FT __//== O ---\__ __// // \\ \__ link R4--R2 added to FT __// // \\ \__ __// // \\ \__ // // \\ \ R1 O==\_=======//=========\\=======//==O R4 \ \____ // \\ ____// / \ \/ \// / \ //\_____ ___//\\ / \ // ___\__//__ \\ / \ // // \ \\ / \/ _// \___\/ R2 O ==//================= O R3 FT is computed, which has Degree of 3 and Diameter of 2. Authors' Addresses Huaimo Chen Futurewei Boston USA Email: huaimo.chen@futurewei.com Mehmet Toy Verizon USA Email: mehmet.toy@verizon.com Yi Yang IBM Cary, NC United States of America Email: yyietf@gmail.com Chen, et al. Expires December 3, 2021 [Page 11] Internet-Draft FTC Algorithm June 2021 Aijun Wang China Telecom Beiqijia Town, Changping District Beijing, 102209 China Email: wangaj3@chinatelecom.cn Xufeng Liu Volta Networks McLean, VA USA Email: xufeng.liu.ietf@gmail.com Yanhe Fan Casa Systems USA Email: yfan@casa-systems.com Lei Liu Fujitsu USA Email: liulei.kddi@gmail.com Chen, et al. Expires December 3, 2021 [Page 12]