Network Working Group                                       Jacob Palme
Internet Draft                                 Stockholm University/KTH
draft-ietf-mhtml-spec-02.txt                          Alexander Hopmann
Category-to-be: Proposed standard                ResNova Software, Inc.
Expires: January 1997                                         July 1996




MIME E-mail Encapsulation of Aggregate Documents, such as HTML (MHTML)



Status of this Document


This document is an Internet-Draft. Internet-Drafts are working
documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and
its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working
documents as Internet-Drafts.

Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material
or to cite them other than as ``work in progress.''

To learn the current status of any Internet-Draft, please check the
``1id-abstracts.txt'' listing contained in the Internet-Drafts Shadow
Directories on ftp.is.co.za (Africa), nic.nordu.net (Europe),
munnari.oz.au (Pacific Rim), ds.internic.net (US East Coast), or
ftp.isi.edu (US West Coast).


Abstract

Although HTML [RFC 1866] was designed within the context of MIME, more
than the specification of HTML as defined in RFC 1866 is needed for two
electronic mail user agents to be able to interoperate using HTML as a
document format. These issues include the naming of objects that are
normally referred to by URIs, and the means of aggregating objects that
go together. This document describes a set of guidelines that will allow
conforming mail user agents to be able to send, deliver and display
these objects, such as HTML objects, that can contain links represdented
by URIs. In order to be able to handle inter-linked objects, the
document proposes to use the MIME type multipart/related and specifies
the MIME content-headers "Content-Location" and "Content-Base".











Palme-Hopmann      Do not implement based on this draft       [Page 1]
draft-ietf-mhtml-spec-02.txt                                  July 1996


Table of Contents

1. Introduction
2. Terminology
   2.1 Conformance requirement terminology
   2.2 Other terminology
4. The Content-Location and Content-Base MIME Content Headers
   4.1 MIME content headers
   4.2 The Content-Base header
   4.3 The Content-Location Header
   4.4 Encoding of URIs in e-mail headers
5. Base URIs for resolution of relative URIs
6. Sending documents without linked objects
7. Use of the Content-Type: Multipart/related
8. Format of Links to Other Body Parts
   8.1 General principle
   8.2 Use of the Content-Location header
   8.3 Use of the Content-ID header and CID URLs
9 Examples
   9.1 Example of a HTML body without included linked objects
   9.3 Example with relative URIs to an embedded GIF picture
   9.4 Example using CID URL and Content-ID header to an embedded GIF
        picture
10. Content-Disposition header
11. Character encoding issues
   11.1 Character set issues
   11.2 Line break characters
12. Security Considerations
13. Acknowledgments
14. References
15. Author's Address























Palme-Hopmann      Do not implement based on this draft       [Page 2]
draft-ietf-mhtml-spec-02.txt                                  July 1996


Mailing List Information

Further discussion on this document should be done through the mailing
list MHTML@SEGATE.SUNET.SE.

To subscribe to this list, send a message to
   LISTSERV@SEGATE.SUNET.SE
which contains the text
SUB MHTML <your name (not your e-mail address)>

Archives of this list are available by anonymous ftp from
   FTP://SEGATE.SUNET.SE/lists/mHTML/
The archives are also available by e-mail. Send a message to
LISTSERV@SEGATE.SUNET.SE with the text "INDEX MHTML" to get a list of
the archive files, and then a new message "GET <file name>" to retrieve
the archive files.

Comments on less important details may also be sent to the editor, Jacob
Palme <jpalme@dsv.su.se>.

More information may also be available at URL:
HTTP://www.dsv.su.se/~jpalme/ietf/jp-ietf-home.HTML


1. Introduction

There are a number of document formats, HTML [HTML2], PDF [PDF] and VRML
for example, which provide links using URIs for their resolution. There
is an obvious need to be able to send documents in these formats in e-
mail [RFC821=SMTP, RFC822]. This document gives additional
specifications on how to send such documents in MIME [RFC 1521=MIME1] e-
mail messages. This version of this standard was based on full
consideration only of the needs for objects with links in the Text/HTML
media type (as defined in RFC 1866 [HTML2]), but the standard may still
be applicable also to other formats for sets of interlinked objects,
linked by URIs. There is no conformance requirement that implementations
claiming conformance to this standard are able to handle URI-s in other
document formats than HTML.

URIs in documents in HTML and other similar formats reference other
objects and resources, either embedded or directly accessible through
hypertext links. When mailing such a document, it is often desirable to
also mail all of the additional resources that are referenced in it;
those elements are necessary for the complete interpretation of the
primary object.

An alternative way for sending an HTML document or other object
containing URIs in e-mail is to only send the URL, and let the recipient
look up the document using HTTP. That method is described in [URLBODY]
and is not described in this document.




Palme-Hopmann      Do not implement based on this draft       [Page 3]
draft-ietf-mhtml-spec-02.txt                                  July 1996


2. Terminology

2.1 Conformance requirement terminology

This specification uses the same words as RFC 1123 [HOSTS] for defining
the significance of each particular requirement. These words are:


MUST    This word or the adjective "required" means that the item is
        an absolute requirement of the specification.

SHOULD  This word or the adjective "recommended" means that there may
        exist valid reasons in particular circumstances to ignore this
        item, but the full implications should be understood and the
        case carefully weighed before choosing a different course.

MAY     This word or the adjective "optional" means that this item is
        truly optional. One vendor may choose to include the item
        because a particular marketplace requires it or because it
        enhances the product, for example; another vendor may omit the
        same item.

An implementation is not compliant if it fails to satisfy one or more of
the MUST requirements for the protocols it implements. An implementation
that satisfies all the MUST and all the SHOULD requirements for its
protocols is said to be "unconditionally compliant"; one that satisfies
all the MUST requirements but not all the SHOULD requirements for its
protocols is said to be "conditionally compliant."


2.2 Other terminology

Most of the terms used in this document are defined in other RFCs.

Absolute URI,         See RFC 1808 [RELURL].
AbsoluteURI

CID                   See [MIDCID].

Content-Base          See section 4.2 below.

Content-ID            See [MIDCID].

Content-Location      MIME message or content part header with the URI of
                      the MIME message or content part body, defined in
                      section 4.3 below.

Content-Transfer-     Conversion of a text into 7-bit octets as specified
Encoding              in [MIME1].

CR                    See [RFC822].



Palme-Hopmann      Do not implement based on this draft       [Page 4]
draft-ietf-mhtml-spec-02.txt                                  July 1996

CRLF                  See [RFC822].

Displayed text        The text shown to the user reading a document with
                      a web browser. This may be different from the HTML
                      markup, see the definition of HTML markup below.

Header                Field in a message or content heading specifying
                      the value of one attribute.

Heading               Part of a message or content before the first
                      CRLFCRLF, containing formatted fields with
                      attributes of the message or content.

HTML                  See RFC 1866 [HTML2].

HTML Aggregate        HTML objects together with some or all objects, to
objects               which the HTML object contains hyperlinks.

HTML markup           A file containing HTML encodings as specified in
                      [HTML] which may be different from the displayed
                      text which a person using a web browser sees. For
                      example, the HTML markup may contain "&lt;" where
                      the displayed text contains the character "<".

LF                    See [RFC822].

MIC                   Message Integrity Codes, codes use to verify that a
                      message has not been illegally modified.

MIME                  See RFC 1521 [MIME1], [MIME2].

MUA                   Messaging User Agent.

PDF                   Portable Document Format, see [PDF].

Relative URI,         See RFC 1866 [HTML2] and RFC 1808[RELURL].
RelativeURI

URI, absolute and     See RFC 1866 [HTML2].
relative

URL                   See RFC 1738 [URL].

URL, relative         See [RELURL].

VRML                  Virtual Reality Markup Language.


3. Overview

An aggregate document is a MIME-encoded message that contains a root
document as well as other data that is required in order to represent
that document (inline pictures, style sheets, applets, etc.). Aggregate
documents can also include additional elements that are linked to the

Palme-Hopmann      Do not implement based on this draft       [Page 5]
draft-ietf-mhtml-spec-02.txt                                  July 1996

first object.  It is important to keep in mind the differing needs of
several audiences. Mail sending agents might send aggregate documents as
an encoding of normal day-to-day electronic mail. Mail sending agents
might also send aggregate documents when a user wishes to mail a
particular document from the web to someone else. Finally mail sending
agents might send aggregate documents as automatic responders, providing
access to WWW resources for non-IP connected clients.

Mail receiving agents also have several differing needs. Some mail
receiving agents might be able to receive an aggregate document and
display it just as any other text content type would be displayed.
Others might have to pass this aggregate document to a browsing program,
and provisions need to be made to make this possible.

Finally several other constraints on the problem arise. It is important
that it be possible for a document to be signed and for it to be able to
be transmitted to a client and displayed with a minimum risk of breaking
the message integrity (MIC) check that is part of the signature.


4. The Content-Location and Content-Base MIME Content Headers

4.1 MIME content headers

In order to resolve URI references to other body parts, two MIME content
headers are defined, Content-Location and Content-Base. Both these
headers can occur in any message or content heading, and will then be
valid within this heading and for its content.

In practice, at present only those URIs which are URLs are used, but it
is anticipated that other forms of URIs will in the future be used.

The syntax for these headers is, using the syntax definition tools from
[RFC822]:

    content-location ::= "Content-Location:" ( absoluteURI | relativeURI
)

    content-base ::= "Content-Base:" absoluteURI

where URI is at present (June 1996) restricted to the syntax for URLs as
defined in RFC 1738 [URL].

These two headers are valid only for exactly the content heading or
message heading where they occurs and its text. They are thus not valid
for the parts inside multipart headings, and are thus meaningless in
multipart headings.

These two headers may occur both inside and outside of a
multipart/related part.





Palme-Hopmann      Do not implement based on this draft       [Page 6]
draft-ietf-mhtml-spec-02.txt                                  July 1996


4.2 The Content-Base header

The Content-Base gives a base for relative URIs occurring in other
heading fields and in content which do not have any BASE element in its
HTML code. Its value MUST be an absolute URI.

Example showing which Content-Base is valid where:

   Content-Type: Multipart/related; boundary="boundary-example-1";
                 type=Text/HTML; start=foo2*foo3@bar2.net
    ; A Content-Base header cannot be placed here, since this is a
    ; multipart MIME object.

   --boundary-example-1

   Part 1:
   Content-Type: Text/HTML; charset=US-ASCII
   Content-ID: foo2*foo3@bar2.net
   Content-Location: "http/www.ietf.cnir.reston.va.us/images/foo1.bar1"
;
   ;  This Content-Location must contain an absolute URI, since no base
   ;  is valid here.

   --boundary-example-1

   Part 2:
   Content-Type: Text/HTML; charset=US-ASCII
   Content-ID: foo4*foo5@bar2.net
   Content-Location: "foo1.bar1" ; The Content-Base below applies to
                                 ; this relative URI
   Content-Base: "http:/www.ietf.cnri.reston.va.us/images/"

   --boundary-example-1--

4.3 The Content-Location Header

The Content-Location header specifies the URI that corresponds to the
content of the body part in whose heading the header is placed. Its
value CAN be an absolute or relative URI. Any URI or URL scheme may be
used, but use of non-standardized URI or URL schemes might entail some
risk that recipients cannot handle them correctly.

The Content-Location header can be used to indicate that the data sent
under this heading is also retrievable, in identical format, through
normal use of this URI. If used for this purpose, it must contain an
absolute URI or be resolvable, through a Content-Base header, into an
absolute URI. In this case, the information sent in the message can be
seen as a cached version of the original data.






Palme-Hopmann      Do not implement based on this draft       [Page 7]
draft-ietf-mhtml-spec-02.txt                                  July 1996

The header can also be used for data which is not available to some or
all recipients of the message, for example if the header refers to an
object which is only retrievable using this URI in a restricted domain,
such as within a company-internal web space. The header can even contain
a fictious URI and need in that case not be globally unique.

Example:

Content-Type: Multipart/related; boundary="boundary-example-1";
                 type=Text/HTML

   --boundary-example-1

   Part 1:
   Content-Type: Text/HTML; charset=US-ASCII

   ... ... <IMG SRC="fiction1/fiction2"> ... ...

   --boundary-example-1

   Part 2:
   Content-Type: Text/HTML; charset=US-ASCII
   Content-Location: "fiction1/fiction2"

   --boundary-example-1--


4.4 Encoding of URIs in e-mail headers

Since MIME header fields have a limited length and URIs can get quite
long, these lines may have to be folded. If such folding is done, the
algorithm defined in [URLBODY] section 3.1 should be employed.


5. Base URIs for resolution of relative URIs

Relative URIs inside contents of MIME body parts are resolved relative
to a base URI. In order to determine this base URI, the first-listed
method in the following list applies.

  (a) There is a base specification inside the MIME body part
       containing the link which resolves relative URIs into absolute
       URIs. For example, HTML provides the BASE element for this.

  (b) There is a Content-Base header (as defined in section 4.2),
       specifying the base to be used.

  (c) There is a Content-Location header in the heading of the body
       part which can then serve as the base in the same way as the
       request URI can serve as a base for relative URIs within a file
       retrieved via HTTP [HTTP].




Palme-Hopmann      Do not implement based on this draft       [Page 8]
draft-ietf-mhtml-spec-02.txt                                  July 1996


6. Sending documents without linked objects

If a document, such as an HTML object, is sent without other objects, to
which it is linked, it MAY be sent as a Text/HTML body part by itself.
In this case, multipart/related need not be used.

Such a document may either not include any links, or contain links which
the recipient resolves via ordinary net look up, or contain links which
the recipient cannot resolve.

Inclusion of links which the recipient has to look up through the net
may not work for some recipients, since all e-mail recipients do not
have full internet connectivity. Also, such links may work for the
sender but not for the recipient, for example when the link refers to an
URI within a company-internal network not accessible from outside the
company.

Note that documents with links that the recipient cannot resolve MAY be
sent, although this is discouraged. For example, two persons developing
a new HTML page may exchange incomplete versions.


7. Use of the Content-Type: Multipart/related

If a message contains one or more MIME body parts containing links and
also contains as separate body parts, data, to which these links (as
defined, for example, in RFC 1866 [HTML2]) refers, then this whole set
of body parts (referring body parts and referred-to body parts) SHOULD
be sent within a multipart/related body part as defined in [REL].

The root body part of the multipart/related SHOULD be the start object
for rendering the object, such as a text/html object, and which contains
links to objects in other body parts, or a multipart/alternative of
which at least one alternative resolves to such a start object.
Implementors are warned, however, that many mail programs treat
multipart/alternative as if it had been multipart/mixed (even though
MIME [MIME1] requires support for multipart/alternative).

[REL] requires that the type attribute of the "Content-Type:
multipart/related" statement be the type of the root object, and this
value can thus be "multipart/alternative". If the root is not the first
body part within the multipart/related, [REL] further requires that its
Content-ID MUST be given in a start parameter to the "Content-Type:
multipart/related" header.

When presenting the root body part to the user, the additional body
parts within the multipart/related can be used:

    (a) For those recipients who only have e-mail but not full Internet
        access.




Palme-Hopmann      Do not implement based on this draft       [Page 9]
draft-ietf-mhtml-spec-02.txt                                  July 1996

(b) For those recipients who for other reasons, such as firewalls
        or the use of company-internal links, cannot retrieve the
        linked body parts through the net.

       Note that this means that you can, via e-mail, send HTML which
        includes URIs which the recipient cannot resolve via HTTPor
        other connectivity-requiring URIs.

    (c) For items which are not available on the web.

    (d) For any recipient to speed up access.

The type parameter of the Content-Type: multipart/related MUST be the
same as the Content-Type of its root.

When a sending MUA sends objects which were retrieved from the WWW, it
SHOULD maintain their WWW URIs. It SHOULD not transform these URIs into
some other URI form prior to transmitting them. This will allow the
receiving MUA to both verify MICs included with the email message, as
well as verify the documents against their WWW counterpoints.

This standard does not cover the case where a multipart/related contains
links to MIME body parts outside of the current multipart/related or in
other MIME messages, even if methods similar to those described in this
standard are used. Implementors who provide such links are warned that
mailers implementing this standard may not be able to resolve such
links.

Within such a multipart/related, ALL different parts MUST have different
Content-Location or Content-ID values.


8. Format of Links to Other Body Parts

8.1 General principle

A body part, such as a text/HTML body part, may contain hyperlinks to
objects which are included as other body parts in the same message and
within the same multipart/related content. Often such linked objects are
meant to be displayed inline to the reader of the main document; for
example, objects referenced with the IMG tag in HTML [RFC 1866=HTML2].
New tags with this property are proposed in the ongoing development of
HTML (example: applet, frame).

In order to send such messages, there is a need to indicate which other
body parts are referred to by the links in the body parts containing
such links. For example, a body part of Content-Type: Text/HTML often
has links to other objects, which might be included in other body parts
in the same MIME message. The referencing of other body parts is done in
the following way: For each body part containing links and each distinct
URI within it, which refers to data which is sent in the same MIME
message, there SHOULD be a separate body part within the current
multipart/related part of the message containing this data. Each such


Palme-Hopmann      Do not implement based on this draft       [Page 10]
draft-ietf-mhtml-spec-02.txt                                  July 1996

body part SHOULD contain a Content-Location header (see section 8.2) or
a Content-ID header (see section 8.3).

An e-mail system which claims conformance to this standard MUST support
receipt of multipart/related (as defined in section 7) with links
between body parts using both the Content-Location (as defined in
section 8.2) and the Content-ID method (as defined in section 8.3).


8.2 Use of the Content-Location header

If there is a Content-Base header, then the recipient MUST employ
relative to absolute resolution as defined in RFC 1808 [RELURL] of
relative URIs in both the HTML markup and the Content-Location header
before matching a hyperlink in the HTML markup to a Content-Location
header. The same applies if the Content-Location contains an absolute
URI, and the HTML markup contains a BASE element so that relative URIs
in the HTML markup can be resolved.

If there is NO Content-Base header, and the Content-Location header
contains a relative URI, then NO relative to absolute resolution SHOULD
be performed (even if there is a BASE specification, such as the BASE
element in HTML, in the body part containing the URI), and exact textual
match of the relative URI-s in the Content-Location and the HTML markup
is performed instead (after removal of LWSP introduced as described in
section 4.4 above).

The URI in the Content-Location header need not refer to an object which
is actually available globally for retrieval using this URI (after
resolution of relative URIs). However, URI-s in Content-Location headers
(if absolute, or resolvable to absolute URIs) SHOULD still be globally
unique.

8.3 Use of the Content-ID header and CID URLs

When CID (Content-ID) URLs as defined in RFC 1738 [URL] and RFC 1873
[MIDCID] is used for links between body parts, the Content-Location
statement will normally be replaced by a Content-ID header. Thus, the
following two headers are identical in meaning:

Content-ID: foo@bar.net
Content-Location: CID: foo@bar.net

Note: Content-IDs MUST be globally unique [MIME1]. It is thus not
permitted to make them unique only within this message or within this
multipart/related.









Palme-Hopmann      Do not implement based on this draft       [Page 11]
draft-ietf-mhtml-spec-02.txt                                  July 1996


9 Examples

9.1 Example of a HTML body without included linked objects

The first example is the simplest form of an HTML email message. This is
not an aggregate HTML object, but simply a message with a single HTML
body part. This message contains a hyperlink but does not provide the
ability to resolve the hyperlink. To resolve the hyperlink the receiving
client would need either IP access to the Internet, or an electronic
mail web gateway.

   From: foo1@bar.net
   To: foo2@bar.net
   Subject: A simple example
   Mime-Version: 1.0
   Content-Type: Text/HTML; charset=US-ASCII

   <HTML>
   <head></head>
   <body>
   <h1>Hi there!</h1>
   An example of an HTML message.<p>
   Try clicking <a href="http://www.resnova.com/">here.</a><p>
   </body></HTML>

9.2 Example with absolute URIs to an embedded GIF picture:

From: foo1@bar.net
   To: foo2@bar.net
   Subject: A simple example
   Mime-Version: 1.0
   Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary="boundary-example-1";
                 type=Text/HTML; start=foo3*foo1@bar.net

--boundary-example 1
      Content-Type: Text/HTML;charset=US-ASCII
      Content-ID: foo3*foo1@bar.net

      ... text of the HTML document, which might contain a hyperlink
      to the other body part, for example through a statement such as:
      <IMG SRC="http://www.ietf.cnri.reston.va.us/images/ietflogo.gif"
       ALT="IETF logo">

      --boundary-example-1
      Content-Location:
            "http://www.ietf.cnri.reston.va.us/images/ietflogo.gif"
      Content-Type: IMAGE/GIF
      Content-Transfer-Encoding: BASE64

      R0lGODlhGAGgAPEAAP/////ZRaCgoAAAACH+PUNvcHlyaWdodCAoQykgMTk5
      NSBJRVRGLiBVbmF1dGhvcml6ZWQgZHVwbGljYXRpb24gcHJvaGliaXRlZC4A
      etc...


Palme-Hopmann      Do not implement based on this draft       [Page 12]
draft-ietf-mhtml-spec-02.txt                                  July 1996

      --boundary-example-1--

9.3 Example with relative URIs to an embedded GIF picture

   From: foo1@bar.net
   To: foo2@bar.net
   Subject: A simple example
   Mime-Version: 1.0
   Content-Base: "http://www.ietf.cnri.reston.va.us"
   Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary="boundary-example-1";
                 type=Text/HTML

      --boundary-example 1
      Content-Type: Text/HTML; charset=ISO-8859-1
      Content-Transfer-Encoding: QUOTED-PRINTABLE

      ... text of the HTML document, which might contain a hyperlink
      to the other body part, for example through a statement such as:
      <IMG SRC="/images/ietflogo.gif" ALT="IETF logo">
      Example of a copyright sign encoded with Quoted-Printable: =A9
      Example of a copyright sign mapped onto HTML markup: &168;

      --boundary-example-1
      Content-Location: "/images/ietflogo.gif"
      Content-Type: IMAGE/GIF
      Content-Transfer-Encoding: BASE64

      R0lGODlhGAGgAPEAAP/////ZRaCgoAAAACH+PUNvcHlyaWdodCAoQykgMTk5
      NSBJRVRGLiBVbmF1dGhvcml6ZWQgZHVwbGljYXRpb24gcHJvaGliaXRlZC4A
      etc...

      --boundary-example-1--

9.4 Example using CID URL and Content-ID header to an embedded GIF
picture

   From: foo1@bar.net
   To: foo2@bar.net
   Subject: A simple example
   Mime-Version: 1.0
   Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary="boundary-example-1";
                 type=Text/HTML

      --boundary-example 1
      Content-Type: Text/HTML; charset=US-ASCII

      ... text of the HTML document, which might contain a hyperlink
      to the other body part, for example through a statement such as:
      <IMG SRC="cid:foo4*foo1@bar.net" ALT="IETF logo">

      --boundary-example-1
      Content-ID: foo4*foo1@bar.net
      Content-Type: IMAGE/GIF
      Content-Transfer-Encoding: BASE64

Palme-Hopmann      Do not implement based on this draft       [Page 13]
draft-ietf-mhtml-spec-02.txt                                  July 1996

      R0lGODlhGAGgAPEAAP/////ZRaCgoAAAACH+PUNvcHlyaWdodCAoQykgMTk5
      NSBJRVRGLiBVbmF1dGhvcml6ZWQgZHVwbGljYXRpb24gcHJvaGliaXRlZC4A
      etc...

      --boundary-example-1--


10. Content-Disposition header

Note the specification in [REL] on the relations between Content-
Disposition and multipart/related.


11. Character encoding issues

11.1 Character set issues

For the encoding of characters in an HTML document into a MIME-
compatible octet stream, the following three mechanisms are relevant:

- HTML [HTML2] as an application of SGML [SGML] allows characters to be
  denoted by character entities as well as by numeric character
references
  (e.g. "latin small letter a with acute" may be represented by
"&aacute;"
  or "&225;") in the HTML markup.

- HTML documents, in common with other documents of the MIME content-
type
  text, can use various kinds of character encodings which are indicated
  by the value of the "charset" parameter in the MIME content-type
header.
  For the exact meaning and use of the "charset" parameter, please see
  [MIME1 section 7.1.1]. Note that the "charset" parameter refers to the
  charset in the HTML markup, not to the charset in the displayed text.
  Thus, if the HTML markup contains only US-ASCII characters, then the
  value of the charset parameter should be US-ASCII, even if the HTML
  markup contains entities which cause the displayed text to show
  non-US-ASCII-characters.

- Any documents including HTML documents that contain octet values
outside
  the 7-bit range or that contain bare CRs or bare LFs need a content-
  transfer-encoding applied before transmission over certain transport
  protocols [MIME1, chapter 5].

The above three mechanisms are well defined and documented, and
therefore not further explained here. In sending a message, all the
abovementioned mechanisms MAY be used, and any mixture of them MAY occur
when sending the document via e-mail. Receiving mailers (together with
the Web browser they may use to display the document) MUST be capable of
handling any combinations of these mechanisms.



Palme-Hopmann      Do not implement based on this draft       [Page 14]
draft-ietf-mhtml-spec-02.txt                                  July 1996

Some transport mechanisms may specify a default "charset" parameter if
none is suppled [HTTP, MIME1]. Because the default differs for different
mechanisms, when HTML is transferred through mail, the charset parameter
SHOULD be included, rather than relying on the default.

Example of non-US-ASCII characters in HTML: See section 9.3 above.

11.2 Line break characters

The MIME standard [MIME1] specifies that line breaks in the MIME content
MUST be CRLF. The HTTP standard [HTTP] specifies that line breaks in
transported HTML markup may be either bare CRs, bare LFs or CRLFs. To
allow data integrity checks through checksums, MIME content-transfer-
encoding of line breaks SHOULD, if necessary, be used so that after
decoding, the line break representation of the original HTML markup is
returned.

Note that since the mail content-MD5 is defined to a canonical form with
all line breaks converted to CRLF, while the HTTP content-MD5 is defined
to apply to the transmitted form. This means that the Content-MD5 HTTP
header may not be correct for Text/HTML that is retrieved from a HTTP
server and then sent via mail.


12. Security Considerations

Some Security Considerations include the potential to mail someone an
object, and claim that it is represented by a particular URI (by giving
it a Content-Location: header). There can be no assurance that a WWW
request for that same URI would normally result in that same object. It
might be unsuitable to cache the data in such a way that the cached data
can be used for retrieval of this URI from other messages or message
parts than those included in the same message as the Content-Location
header. Because of this problem, receiving User Agents SHOULD not cache
this data in the same way that data that was retrieved through an HTTP
or FTP request might be cached.

URLs, especially File URLs, may in their name contain company-internal
information, which may then inadvertently be revealed to recipients of
documents containing such URLs.

One way of implementing messages with linked body parts is to handle the
linked body parts in a combined mail and WWW proxy server. The mail
client is only given the start body part, which it passes to a web
browser. This web browser requests the linked parts from the proxy
server. If this method is used, and if the combined server is used by
more than one user, then methods must be employed to ensure that body
parts of a message to one person is not retrievable by another person.
Use of passwords (also known as tickets or magic cookies) is one way of
achieving this. Note that some caching WWW proxy servers may not
distinguish between cached objects from e-mail and HTTP, which may be a
security risk.



Palme-Hopmann      Do not implement based on this draft       [Page 15]
draft-ietf-mhtml-spec-02.txt                                  July 1996

In addition, by allowing people to mail aggregate objects, we are
opening the door to other potential security problems that until now
were only problems for WWW users. For example, some HTML documents now
either themselves contain executable content (JavaScript) or contain
links to executable content (The "INSERT" specification, Java). It would
be exceedingly dangerous for a receiving User Agent to execute content
received through a mail message without careful attention to
restrictions on the capabilities of that executable content.


13. Acknowledgments

Harald T. Alvestrand, Richard Baker, Dave Crocker, Martin J. Duerst,
Lewis Geer, Roy Fielding, Al Gilman, Paul Hoffman, Richard W. Jesmajian,
Mark K. Joseph, Greg Herlihy, Valdis Kletnieks, Daniel LaLiberte, Ed
Levinson, Jay Levitt, Albert Lunde, Larry Masinter, Keith Moore, Gavin
Nicol, Pete Resnick, Jon Smirl, Einar Stefferud, Jamie Zawinski, Steve
Zilles and several other people have helped us with preparing this
document. I alone take responsibility for any errors which may still be
in the document.


14. References

Ref.            Author, title
---------       --------------------------------------------------------

[CONDISP]       R. Troost, S. Dorner: "Communicating Presentation
                Information in Internet Messages: The Content-
                Disposition Header", RFC 1806, June 1995.

[HOSTS]         R. Braden (editor): "Requirements for Internet Hosts --
                Application and Support", STD-3, RFC 1123, October 1989.

[HTML2]         T. Berners-Lee, D. Connolly: "Hypertext Markup Language
                - 2.0", RFC 1866, November 1995.

[HTTP]          T. Berners-Lee, R. Fielding, H. Frystyk: Hypertext
                Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.0. RFC 1945, May 1996.

[MIDCID]        E. Levinson: "Message/External-Body Content-ID Access
                Type", RFC 1873, December 1995.

[MIME1]         N. Borenstein & N. Freed: "MIME (Multipurpose Internet
                Mail Extensions) Part One: Mechanisms for Specifying and
                Describing the Format of Internet Message Bodies", RFC
                1521, Sept 1993.

[MIME2]         N. Borenstein & N. Freed: "Multipurpose Internet Mail
                Extensions (MIME) Part Two: Media Types". draft-ietf-
                822ext-mime-imt-02.txt, December 1995.

[NEWS]          M.R. Horton, R. Adams: "Standard for interchange of
                USENET messages", RFC 1036, December 1987.

Palme-Hopmann      Do not implement based on this draft       [Page 16]
draft-ietf-mhtml-spec-02.txt                                  July 1996

[PDF]           Bienz, T., Cohn, R. and Meehan, J.: "Portable Document
                Format Reference Manual, Version 1.1", Adboe Systems
                Inc.
[REL]           Harald Tveit Alvestrand, Edward Levinson: "The MIME
                Multipart/Related Content-type", <draft-levinson-
                multipart-related-00.txt>, January 1995.

[RELURL]        R. Fielding: "Relative Uniform Resource Locators", RFC
                1808, June 1995.

[RFC822]        D. Crocker: "Standard for the format of ARPA Internet
                text messages." STD 11, RFC 822, August 1982.

[SGML]          ISO 8879. Information Processing -- Text and Office  -
                Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML),
                1986. <URL:http://www.iso.ch/cate/d16387.html>

[SMTP]          J. Postel: "Simple Mail Transfer Protocol", STD 10, RFC
                821, August 1982.

[URL]           T. Berners-Lee, L. Masinter, M. McCahill: "Uniform
                Resource Locators (URL)", RFC 1738, December 1994.

[URLBODY]       N. Freed and Keith Moore: "Definition of the URL MIME
                External-Body Access-Type", draft-ietf-mailext-acc-url-
                01.txt, November 1995.



15. Author's Address

For contacting the editors, preferably write to Jacob Palme rather than
Alex Hopmann.

Jacob Palme                          Phone: +46-8-16 16 67
Stockholm University and KTH         Fax: +46-8-783 08 29
Electrum 230                         E-mail: jpalme@dsv.su.se
S-164 40 Kista, Sweden

Alex Hopmann
President
ResNova Software, Inc.               E-mail: alex.hopmann@resnova.com
5011 Argosy Dr. 13
Huntington Beach, CA 92649

Working group chairman: Einar Stefferud <stef@nma.com>

Palme-Hopmann      Do not implement based on this draft       [Page 17]