Internet-Draft OAuth PAR July 2020
Lodderstedt, et al. Expires 11 January 2021 [Page]
Workgroup:
Web Authorization Protocol
Internet-Draft:
draft-ietf-oauth-par-02
Published:
Intended Status:
Standards Track
Expires:
Authors:
T. Lodderstedt
yes.com
B. Campbell
Ping Identity
N. Sakimura
NAT.Consulting
D. Tonge
Moneyhub Financial Technology
F. Skokan
Auth0

OAuth 2.0 Pushed Authorization Requests

Abstract

This document defines the pushed authorization request endpoint, which allows clients to push the payload of an OAuth 2.0 authorization request to the authorization server via a direct request and provides them with a request URI that is used as reference to the data in a subsequent authorization request.

Status of This Memo

This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

This Internet-Draft will expire on 11 January 2021.

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

In OAuth [RFC6749] authorization request parameters are typically sent as URI query parameters via redirection in the user-agent. This is simple but also yields challenges:

JWT Secured Authorization Request (JAR) [I-D.ietf-oauth-jwsreq] provides solutions for those challenges by allowing OAuth clients to wrap authorization request parameters in a signed, and optionally encrypted, JSON Web Token (JWT), the so-called "Request Object".

In order to cope with the size restrictions, JAR introduces the request_uri parameter that allows clients to send a reference to a request object instead of the request object itself.

This document complements JAR by providing an interoperable way to push the payload of a request object directly to the AS in exchange for a request_uri.

It also allows for clients to push the form encoded authorization request parameters to the AS in order to exchange them for a request URI that the client can use in a subsequent authorization request.

For example, the following authorization request,

  GET /authorize?response_type=code
   &client_id=s6BhdRkqt3&state=af0ifjsldkj
   &redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fclient.example.org%2Fcb HTTP/1.1
  Host: as.example.com

could be pushed directly to the AS by the client as follows:

  POST /as/par HTTP/1.1
  Host: as.example.com
  Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
  Authorization: Basic czZCaGRSa3F0Mzo3RmpmcDBaQnIxS3REUmJuZlZkbUl3

  response_type=code
  &client_id=s6BhdRkqt3&state=af0ifjsldkj
  &redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fclient.example.org%2Fcb

The AS responds with a request URI,

  HTTP/1.1 201 Created
  Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store
  Content-Type: application/json

  {

    "request_uri": "urn:example:bwc4JK-ESC0w8acc191e-Y1LTC2",
    "expires_in": 90
  }

which is used by the client in the subsequent authorization request as follows,

  GET /authorize?client_id=s6BhdRkqt3&
  request_uri=urn%3Aexample%3Abwc4JK-ESC0w8acc191e-Y1LTC2 HTTP/1.1

The pushed authorization request endpoint fosters OAuth security by providing all clients a simple means for an integrity protected authorization request, but it also allows clients requiring an even higher security level, especially cryptographically confirmed non-repudiation, to explicitly adopt JWT-based request objects.

As a further benefit, the pushed authorization request allows the AS to authenticate the clients before any user interaction happens, i.e., the AS may refuse unauthorized requests much earlier in the process and has much higher confidence in the client's identity in the authorization process than before.

This is directly utilized by this draft to allow confidential clients to set the redirect URI for every authorization request, which gives them more flexibility in building redirect URI. And if the client IDs and credentials are managed by some external authority (e.g. a certification authority), explicit client registration with the particular AS could practically be skipped.

1.1. Conventions and Terminology

The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here.

This specification uses the terms "access token", "refresh token", "authorization server", "resource server", "authorization endpoint", "authorization request", "authorization response", "token endpoint", "grant type", "access token request", "access token response", and "client" defined by The OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework [RFC6749].

2. Pushed Authorization Request Endpoint

The pushed authorization request endpoint is an HTTP API at the authorization server that accepts POST requests with parameters in the HTTP request entity-body using the application/x-www-form-urlencoded format with a character encoding of UTF-8 as described in Appendix B of [RFC6749].

Authorization servers supporting pushed authorization requests SHOULD include the URL of their pushed authorization request endpoint in their authorization server metadata document [RFC8414] using the pushed_authorization_request_endpoint parameter as defined in Section 5.

The endpoint accepts the parameters defined in [RFC6749] for the authorization endpoint as well as all applicable extensions defined for the authorization endpoint. Some examples of such extensions include PKCE [RFC7636], Resource Indicators [RFC8707], and OpenID Connect [OIDC]. The endpoint also supports sending all authorization request parameters as request object according to [I-D.ietf-oauth-jwsreq].

The rules for client authentication as defined in [RFC6749] for token endpoint requests, including the applicable authentication methods, apply for the pushed authorization request endpoint as well. If applicable, the token_endpoint_auth_method client metadata parameter indicates the registered authentication method for the client to use when making direct requests to the authorization server, including requests to the pushed authorization request endpoint.

Note that there's some potential ambiguity around the appropriate audience value to use when JWT client assertion based authentication is employed. To address that ambiguity the issuer identifier URL of the AS according to [RFC8414] SHOULD be used as the value of the audience. In order to facilitate interoperability the AS MUST accept its issuer identifier, token endpoint URL, or pushed authorization request endpoint URL as values that identify it as an intended audience.

2.1. Request

A client can send all the parameters that usually comprise an authorization request to the pushed authorization request endpoint. A basic parameter set will typically include:

  • client_id
  • response_type
  • redirect_uri
  • scope
  • state
  • code_challenge
  • code_challenge_method

Depending on client type and authentication method, the request might also include other parameters for client authentication such as the client_secret parameter, the client_assertion parameter and the client_assertion_type parameter. The request_uri authorization request parameter MUST NOT be provided in this case (see Section 3).

The client adds the parameters in x-www-form-urlencoded format with a character encoding of UTF-8 as described in Appendix B of [RFC6749] to the body of an HTTP POST request. If applicable, the client also adds client credentials to the request header or the request body using the same rules as for token endpoint requests.

This is illustrated by the following example:

  POST /as/par HTTP/1.1
  Host: as.example.com
  Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
  Authorization: Basic czZCaGRSa3F0Mzo3RmpmcDBaQnIxS3REUmJuZlZkbUl3

  response_type=code&
  state=af0ifjsldkj&
  client_id=s6BhdRkqt3&
  redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fclient.example.org%2Fcb&
  code_challenge=K2-ltc83acc4h0c9w6ESC_rEMTJ3bww-uCHaoeK1t8U&
  code_challenge_method=S256&
  scope=ais

The AS MUST process the request as follows:

  1. The AS MUST authenticate the client in the same way as at the token endpoint.
  2. The AS MUST reject the request if the request_uri authorization request parameter is provided.
  3. The AS MUST validate the pushed request as it would an authorization request sent to the authorization endpoint. For example, the authorization server checks whether the redirect URI matches one of the redirect URIs configured for the client and also checks whether the client is authorized for the scope for which it is requesting access. This validation allows the authorization server to refuse unauthorized or fraudulent requests early. The AS MAY omit validation steps that it is unable to perform when processing the pushed request, however such checks MUST then be performed at the authorization endpoint.

The AS MAY allow confidential clients to establish per-authorization request redirect URIs with every pushed authorization request. This is possible since, in contrast to [RFC6749], this specification gives the AS the ability to authenticate and authorize clients before the actual authorization request is performed.

This feature gives clients more flexibility in building redirect URIs and, if the client IDs and credentials are managed by some authority (CA or other type), the explicit client registration with the particular AS (manually or via dynamic client registration [RFC7591]) could practically be skipped. This makes this mechanism especially useful for clients interacting with a federation of ASs (or OpenID Connect OPs), for example in Open Banking, where the certificate is provided as part of a federated PKI.

2.2. Successful Response

If the verification is successful, the server MUST generate a request URI and return a JSON response that contains request_uri and expires_in members at the top level with 201 Created HTTP response code.

  • request_uri : The request URI corresponding to the authorization request posted. This URI is used as reference to the respective request data in the subsequent authorization request only. The way the authorization process obtains the authorization request data is at the discretion of the authorization server and out of scope of this specification. There is no need to make the authorization request data available to other parties via this URI.
  • expires_in : A JSON number that represents the lifetime of the request URI in seconds. The request URI lifetime is at the discretion of the AS.

The format of the request_uri value is at the discretion of the authorization server but it MUST contain some part generated using a cryptographically strong pseudorandom algorithm such that it is computationally infeasible to predict or guess a valid value. The authorization server MAY construct the request_uri value using the form urn:ietf:params:oauth:request_uri:<reference-value> with <reference-value> as the random part of the URI that references the respective authorization request data. The string representation of a UUID as a URN per [RFC4122] is also an option for authorization servers to construct request_uri values.

The request_uri MUST be bound to the client that posted the authorization request.

Since the request URI can be replayed, its lifetime SHOULD be short and preferably limited to one-time use.

The following is an example of such a response:

  HTTP/1.1 201 Created
  Content-Type: application/json
  Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store

  {
    "request_uri":
      "urn:ietf:params:oauth:request_uri:bwc4JK-ESC0w8acc191e-Y1LTC2",
    "expires_in": 60
  }

2.3. Error Response

For an error the authorization server sets an appropriate HTTP status code and MAY include additional error parameters in the entity-body of the HTTP response using the format specified for the token endpoint in Section 5.2 of [RFC6749].

If the authorization server sets an error code, it SHOULD be one of the defined codes for the token endpoint in Section 5.2 or for the authorization endpoint in Sections 4.1.2.1 and 4.2.2.1 of [RFC6749], or by an OAuth extension if one is involved in the initial processing of authorization request that was pushed. Since initial processing of the pushed authorisation request doesn't involve resource owner interaction, error codes related to user interaction, such as consent_required defined by [OIDC], are not returned.

If the client is required to use signed request objects, either by authorization server or client policy (see [I-D.ietf-oauth-jwsreq], section 10.5), the authorization server MUST only accept requests complying with the definition given in Section 3 and MUST refuse any other request with HTTP status code 400 and error code invalid_request.

In addition to the error codes above, the pushed authorization request endpoint specifies use of the following HTTP status codes:

  • 405: If the request did not use POST, the authorization server responds with an HTTP 405 (Method Not Allowed) status code.

  • 413: If the request size was beyond the upper bound that the authorization server allows, the authorization server responds with an HTTP 413 (Payload Too Large) status code.

  • 429: If the request from the client for a time period goes beyond the number the authorization server allows, the authorization server responds with an HTTP 429 (Too Many Requests) status code.

The following is an example of an error response from the pushed authorization request endpoint:

  HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request
  Content-Type: application/json
  Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store

  {
    "error": "invalid_request",
    "error_description":
      "The redirect_uri is not valid for the given client"
  }

3. "request" Parameter

Clients MAY use the request parameter as defined in JAR [I-D.ietf-oauth-jwsreq] to push a request object JWT to the AS. The rules for processing, signing, and encryption of the request object as defined in JAR [I-D.ietf-oauth-jwsreq] apply. When the application/x-www-form-urlencoded HTTP entity-body request parameter is used, the request object MUST contain all the authorization request parameters as claims of the JWT. Additional request parameters as required by the given client authentication method are to be included as 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' parameters in the HTTP request entity-body (e.g. Mutual TLS client authentication [I-D.ietf-oauth-mtls] uses the client_id HTTP request parameter while JWT assertion based client authentication [RFC7523] uses client_assertion and client_assertion_type).

The following is an example of a pushed authorization request using a signed request object. The client is authenticated by its client secret using the HTTP Basic Authentication scheme specified in Section 2.3.1 of [RFC6749]:

  POST /as/par HTTP/1.1
  Host: as.example.com
  Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
  Authorization: Basic czZCaGRSa3F0Mzo3RmpmcDBaQnIxS3REUmJuZlZkbUl3

  request=eyJraWQiOiJrMmJkYyIsImFsZyI6IlJTMjU2In0.eyJpc3MiOiJzNkJoZ
  FJrcXQzIiwiYXVkIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9zZXJ2ZXIuZXhhbXBsZS5jb20iLCJyZXNwb2
  5zZV90eXBlIjoiY29kZSIsImNsaWVudF9pZCI6InM2QmhkUmtxdDMiLCJyZWRpcmV
  jdF91cmkiOiJodHRwczovL2NsaWVudC5leGFtcGxlLm9yZy9jYiIsInNjb3BlIjoi
  YWlzIiwic3RhdGUiOiJhZjBpZmpzbGRraiIsImNvZGVfY2hhbGxlbmdlIjoiSzItb
  HRjODNhY2M0aDBjOXc2RVNDX3JFTVRKM2J3dy11Q0hhb2VLMXQ4VSIsImNvZGVfY2
  hhbGxlbmdlX21ldGhvZCI6IlMyNTYifQ.O49ffUxRPdNkN3TRYDvbEYVr1CeAL64u
  W4FenV3n9WlaFIRHeFblzv-wlEtMm8-tusGxeE9z3ek6FxkhvvLEqEpjthXnyXqqy
  Jfq3k9GSf5ay74ml_0D6lHE1hy-kVWg7SgoPQ-GB1xQ9NRhF3EKS7UZIrUHbFUCF0
  MsRLbmtIvaLYbQH_Ef3UkDLOGiU7exhVFTPeyQUTM9FF-u3K-zX-FO05_brYxNGLh
  VkO1G8MjqQnn2HpAzlBd5179WTzTYhKmhTiwzH-qlBBI_9GLJmE3KOipko9TfSpa2
  6H4JOlMyfZFl0PCJwkByS0xZFJ2sTo3Gkk488RQohhgt1I0onw

The AS needs to take the following steps beyond the processing rules defined in Section 2.1:

  1. If applicable, the AS decrypts the request object as specified in JAR [I-D.ietf-oauth-jwsreq], section 6.1.
  2. The AS validates the request object signature as specified in JAR [I-D.ietf-oauth-jwsreq], section 6.2.
  3. If the client is a confidential client, the authorization server MUST check whether the authenticated client_id matches the client_id claim in the request object. If they do not match, the authorization server MUST refuse to process the request. It is at the authorization server's discretion to require the iss claim to match the client_id as well.

The following RSA key pair, represented in JWK [RFC7517] format, can be used to validate or recreate the request object signature in the above example (line wraps within values for display purposes only):

 {
   "kty": "RSA",
   "kid":"k2bdc",
   "n": "y9Lqv4fCp6Ei-u2-ZCKq83YvbFEk6JMs_pSj76eMkddWRuWX2aBKGHAtKlE
         5P7_vn__PCKZWePt3vGkB6ePgzAFu08NmKemwE5bQI0e6kIChtt_6KzT5Oa
         aXDFI6qCLJmk51Cc4VYFaxgqevMncYrzaW_50mZ1yGSFIQzLYP8bijAHGVj
         dEFgZaZEN9lsn_GdWLaJpHrB3ROlS50E45wxrlg9xMncVb8qDPuXZarvghL
         L0HzOuYRadBJVoWZowDNTpKpk2RklZ7QaBO7XDv3uR7s_sf2g-bAjSYxYUG
         sqkNA9b3xVW53am_UZZ3tZbFTIh557JICWKHlWj5uzeJXaw",
   "e": "AQAB",
   "d": "LNwG_pCKrwowALpCpRdcOKlSVqylSurZhE6CpkRiE9cpDgGKIkO9CxPlXOL
         zjqxXuQc8MdMqRQZTnAwgd7HH0B6gncrruV3NewI-XQV0ckldTjqNfOTz1V
         Rs-jE-57KAXI3YBIhu-_0YpIDzdk_wBuAk661Svn0GsPQe7m9DoxdzenQu9
         O_soewUhlPzRrTH0EeIqYI715rwI3TYaSzoWBmEPD2fICyj18FF0MPy_SQz
         k3noVUUIzfzLnnJiWy_p63QBCMqjRoSHHdMnI4z9iVpIwJWQ3jO5n_2lC2-
         cSgwjmKsFzDBbQNJc7qMG1N6EssJUwgGJxz1eAUFf0w4YAQ",
   "qi": "J-mG0swR4FTy3atrcQ7dd0hhYn1E9QndN-
         -sDG4EQO0RnFj6wIefCvwIc4
         7hCtVeFnCTPYJNc_JyV-mU-9vlzS5GSNuyR5qdpsMZXUMpEvQcwKt23ffPZ
         YGaqfKyEesmf_Wi8fFcE68H9REQjnniKrXm7w2-IuG_IrVJA9Ox-uU",
   "q": "4hlMYAGa0dvogdK1jnxQ7J_Lqpqi99e-AeoFvoYpMPhthChTzwFZO9lQmUo
         BpMqVQTws_s7vWGmt7ZAB3ywkurf0pV7BD0fweJiUzrWk4KJjxtmP_auuxr
         jvm3s2FUGn6f0wRY9Z8Hj9A7C72DnYCjuZiJQMYCWDsZ8-d-L1a-s",
   "p": "5sd9Er3I2FFT9R-gy84_oakEyCmgw036B_nfYEEOCwpSvi2z7UcIVK3bSEL
         5WCW6BNgB3HDWhq8aYPirwQnqm0K9mX1E-4xM10WWZ-rP3XjYpQeS0Snru5
         LFVWsAzi-FX7BOqBibSAXLdEGXcXa44l08iec_bPD3xduq5V_1YoE",
   "dq": "Nz2PF3XM6bEc4XsluKZO70ErdYdKgdtIJReUR7Rno_tOZpejwlPGBYVW19
         zpAeYtCT82jxroB2XqhLxGeMxEPQpsz2qTKLSe4BgHY2ml2uxSDGdjcsrbb
         NoKUKaN1CuyZszhWl1n0AT_bENl4bJgQj_Fh0UEsQj5YBBUJt5gr_k",
   "dp": "Zc877jirkkLOtyTs2vxyNe9KnMNAmOidlUc2tE_-0gAL4Lpo1hSwKCtKwe
         ZJ-gkqt1hT-dwNx_0Xtg_-NXsadMRMwJnzBMYwYAfjApUkfqABc0yUCJJl3
         KozRCugf1WXkU9GZAH2_x8PUopdNUEa70ISowPRh04HANKX4fkjWAE"
  }

3.1. Error responses for Request Object

This section gives the error responses that go beyond the basic Section 2.3.

3.1.1. Authentication Required

If the signature validation fails, the authorization server returns a 401 Unauthorized HTTP error response. The same applies if the client_id or, if applicable, the iss claim in the request object do not match the authenticated client_id.

4. Authorization Request

The client uses the request_uri value returned by the authorization server to build an authorization request as defined in [I-D.ietf-oauth-jwsreq]. This is shown in the following example.

  GET /authorize?client_id=s6BhdRkqt3&request_uri=urn%3Aietf%3Aparams
  %3Aoauth%3Arequest_uri%3Abwc4JK-ESC0w8acc191e-Y1LTC2 HTTP/1.1

The authorization server MUST validate authorization requests arising from a pushed request as it would any other authorization request. The authorization server MAY omit validation steps that it performed when the request was pushed, provided that it can validate that the request was a pushed request, and that the request or the authorization server's policy has not been modified in a way that would affect the outcome of the omitted steps.

Authorization server policy MAY dictate, either globally or on a per-client basis, that pushed authorization requests are the only means for a client to pass authorization request data. In this case, the authorization server will refuse, using the invalid_request error code, to process any request to the authorization endpoint that does not have a request_uri parameter with a value obtained from the pushed authorization request endpoint.

Note: authorization server and clients MAY use metadata as defined in Section 5 and Section 6 to signal the desired behavior.

5. Authorization Server Metadata

The following authorization server metadata [RFC8414] parameters are introduced to signal the server's capability and policy with respect to pushed authorization requests.

pushed_authorization_request_endpoint
The URL of the pushed authorization request endpoint at which the client can post an authorization request and get a request URI in exchange.
require_pushed_authorization_requests
Boolean parameter indicating whether the authorization server accepts authorization request data only via the pushed authorization request method. If omitted, the default value is false.

6. Client Metadata

The Dynamic Client Registration Protocol [RFC7591] defines an API for dynamically registering OAuth 2.0 client metadata with authorization servers. The metadata defined by [RFC7591], and registered extensions to it, also imply a general data model for clients that is useful for authorization server implementations even when the Dynamic Client Registration Protocol isn't in play. Such implementations will typically have some sort of user interface available for managing client configuration. The following client metadata parameter is introduced by this document to indicate whether pushed authorization requests are reqired for the given client.

require_pushed_authorization_requests
Boolean parameter indicating whether the only means of initiating an authorization request the client is allowed to use is a pushed authorization request.

7. Security Considerations

7.1. Request URI Guessing

An attacker could attempt to guess and replay a valid request URI value and try to impersonate the respective client. The AS MUST consider the considerations given in JAR [I-D.ietf-oauth-jwsreq], section 10.2, clause d on request URI entropy.

7.2. Open Redirection

An attacker could try register a redirect URI pointing to a site under his control in order to obtain authorization codes or lauch other attacks towards the user. The AS MUST only accept new redirect URIs in the PAR request from confidential clients after sucessful authentication and authorization.

7.3. Request Object Replay

An attacker could replay a request URI captured from a legitimate authorization request. In order to cope with such attacks, the AS SHOULD make the request URIs one-time use.

7.4. Client Policy Change

The client policy might change between the lodging of the request object and the authorization request using a particular request object. It is therefore recommended that the AS check the request parameter against the client policy when processing the authorization request.

8. Acknowledgements

This specification is based on the work towards Pushed Request Object conducted at the Financial-grade API working group at the OpenID Foundation. We would like to thank the members of the WG for their valuable contributions.

We would like to thank Vladimir Dzhuvinov, Aaron Parecki, Justin Richer, Sascha Preibisch, Daniel Fett, Michael B. Jones, Annabelle Backman, Joseph Heenan, and Takahiko Kawasaki for their valuable feedback on this draft.

9. IANA Considerations

9.1. OAuth Authorization Server Metadata

This specification requests registration of the following values in the IANA "OAuth Authorization Server Metadata" registry of [IANA.OAuth.Parameters] established by [RFC8414].

Metadata Name:
pushed_authorization_request_endpoint
Metadata Description:
URL of the authorization server's pushed authorization request endpoint
Change Controller:
IESG
Specification Document(s):
Section 5 of [[ this document ]]
Metadata Name:
require_pushed_authorization_requests
Metadata Description:
Indicates whether the authorization server accepts authorization request only via the pushed authorization request method.
Change Controller:
IESG
Specification Document(s):
Section 5 of [[ this document ]]

9.2. OAuth Dynamic Client Registration Metadata

This specification requests registration of the following value in the IANA "OAuth Dynamic Client Registration Metadata" registry of [IANA.OAuth.Parameters] established by [RFC7591].

Metadata Name:
require_pushed_authorization_requests
Metadata Description:
Indicates whether the client is required to use the pushed authorization request method to initiate authorization requests.
Change Controller:
IESG
Specification Document(s):
Section 6 of [[ this document ]]

9.3. OAuth URI Registration

This specification requests registration of the following value in the "OAuth URI" registry of [IANA.OAuth.Parameters] established by [RFC6755].

URN:
urn:ietf:params:oauth:request_uri:
Common Name:
A URN Sub-Namespace for OAuth Request URIs.
Change Controller:
IESG
Specification Document(s):
Section 2.2 of [[ this document ]]

10. Normative References

[RFC2119]
Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[OIDC]
Sakimura, N., Bradley, J., Jones, M., de Medeiros, B., and C. Mortimore, "OpenID Connect Core 1.0 incorporating errata set 1", , <http://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-core-1_0.html>.
[RFC6749]
Hardt, D., Ed., "The OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework", RFC 6749, DOI 10.17487/RFC6749, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6749>.
[RFC8174]
Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.
[RFC8414]
Jones, M., Sakimura, N., and J. Bradley, "OAuth 2.0 Authorization Server Metadata", RFC 8414, DOI 10.17487/RFC8414, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8414>.
[I-D.ietf-oauth-jwsreq]
Sakimura, N. and J. Bradley, "The OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework: JWT Secured Authorization Request (JAR)", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-oauth-jwsreq-25, , <https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-oauth-jwsreq-25>.

11. Informative References

[RFC7591]
Richer, J., Ed., Jones, M., Bradley, J., Machulak, M., and P. Hunt, "OAuth 2.0 Dynamic Client Registration Protocol", RFC 7591, DOI 10.17487/RFC7591, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7591>.
[RFC4122]
Leach, P., Mealling, M., and R. Salz, "A Universally Unique IDentifier (UUID) URN Namespace", RFC 4122, DOI 10.17487/RFC4122, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4122>.
[RFC6755]
Campbell, B. and H. Tschofenig, "An IETF URN Sub-Namespace for OAuth", RFC 6755, DOI 10.17487/RFC6755, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6755>.
[RFC8707]
Campbell, B., Bradley, J., and H. Tschofenig, "Resource Indicators for OAuth 2.0", RFC 8707, DOI 10.17487/RFC8707, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8707>.
[RFC7636]
Sakimura, N., Ed., Bradley, J., and N. Agarwal, "Proof Key for Code Exchange by OAuth Public Clients", RFC 7636, DOI 10.17487/RFC7636, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7636>.
[RFC7523]
Jones, M., Campbell, B., and C. Mortimore, "JSON Web Token (JWT) Profile for OAuth 2.0 Client Authentication and Authorization Grants", RFC 7523, DOI 10.17487/RFC7523, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7523>.
[IANA.OAuth.Parameters]
IANA, "OAuth Parameters", , <http://www.iana.org/assignments/oauth-parameters>.
[I-D.ietf-oauth-mtls]
Campbell, B., Bradley, J., Sakimura, N., and T. Lodderstedt, "OAuth 2.0 Mutual-TLS Client Authentication and Certificate-Bound Access Tokens", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-oauth-mtls-17, , <https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-oauth-mtls-17>.
[RFC7517]
Jones, M., "JSON Web Key (JWK)", RFC 7517, DOI 10.17487/RFC7517, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7517>.

Appendix A. Document History

[[ To be removed from the final specification ]]

-02

-01

-00 (WG draft)

-01

-00

Authors' Addresses

Torsten Lodderstedt
yes.com
Brian Campbell
Ping Identity
Nat Sakimura
NAT.Consulting
Dave Tonge
Moneyhub Financial Technology
Filip Skokan
Auth0