Routing Working Group M. Jethanandani Internet-Draft Ciena Corporation Intended status: Informational February 11, 2014 Expires: August 15, 2014 Analysis of LMP Security According to KARP Design Guide draft-mahesh-karp-lmp-analysis-01.txt Abstract This document analyzes Link Management Protocol (LMP) according to guidelines set forth in section 4.2 of KARP Design Guidelines (RFC 6518). Status of This Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This Internet-Draft will expire on August 15, 2014. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2014 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. Jethanandani Expires August 15, 2014 [Page 1] Internet-Draft RSVP-TE Analysis February 2014 Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.1. Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Current Assessment of LMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.1. LMP Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.2. Transport Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.3. Message Integrity and Node Authentication . . . . . . . . 4 2.4. Replay Attack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.5. Out-of-order Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3. Security Requirements for LMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4. Gap Analysis for LMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4.1. Replay Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5. IANA Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 6. Security Consideration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 8.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 8.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1. Introduction In March 2006, the Internet Architecture Board (IAB) described an attack on core routing infrastructure as an ideal attack that would inflict the greatest amount of damage, in their Report from the IAB workshop on Unwanted Traffic March 9-10, 2006 [RFC4948], and suggested steps to tighten the infrastructure against the attack. Four main steps were identified for that tightening: 1. Create secure mechanisms and practices for operating routers. 2. Clean up the Internet Routing Registry (IRR) repository, and securing both the database and the access, so that it can be used for routing verifications. 3. Create specifications for cryptographic validation of routing message content. 4. Secure the routing protocols' packets on the wire. In order to secure the routing protocols this document performs an initial analysis of the current state of LMP according to the requirements of KARP Design Guidelines [RFC6518]. This draft builds on several previous analysis efforts into routing security: Jethanandani Expires August 15, 2014 [Page 2] Internet-Draft RSVP-TE Analysis February 2014 o Issues with existing Cryptographic Protection Methods for Routing Protocols [RFC6039] an analysis of cryptographic issues with routing protocols. o Analysis of OSPF Security According to KARP Design Guide [RFC6863]. o Analysis of BGP, LDP, PCEP, and MSDP Issues According to KARP Design Guide [RFC6952] which is a analysis of the four routing protocols. Link Management Protocol (LMP) [RFC4204] is used to manage Traffic Engineering (TE) links. According to the document, LMP can be subject to a number of attacks. Some examples include: o an adversary may spoof control packets o an adversary may modify the control packet in transit o an adversary may replay control packets o an adversary may study a number of control packets and try to break the key using cryptographic tools. Section 2 looks at the current security state of LMP. Section 3 suggest an optimal security state and section 4 does an analysis of the gap between the existing and the optimal security state of the protocol and suggest some areas where we need to improve. 1.1. Abbreviations LMP - Link Management Protocol TE - Traffic Engineering 2. Current Assessment of LMP This section looks at LMP procedure, the underlying transport layer and security assessment associated with LMP. 2.1. LMP Procedure The two core procedures of LMP procedure are control channel management and link property correlation. Control channel management is used to establish and maintain control channels between adjacent nodes. This is done using a Config message exchange and a fast keep- alive mechanism between the nodes. Link property correlation is used Jethanandani Expires August 15, 2014 [Page 3] Internet-Draft RSVP-TE Analysis February 2014 to synchronize the TE link properties and verify the TE link configuration. Two additional procedures include link connectivity verification and fault management. Link connectivity verification is used for data plane discovery, Interface_Id exchange, and physical connectivity verification. This is done by sending Test messages over the data channel and the TestStatus messages coming back over the control plane. The LMP link connectivity verification procedure is coordinated using the BeginVerify message exchanged over the control channel. The LMP fault management procedure is based on a ChannelStatus message exchange. The ChannelStatus message is sent unsolicited and is used to notify an LMP neighbor about the status of one or more data channels. ChannelStatusAck is used to acknowledge receipt of the ChannelStatus message. Similarly, a ChannelStatusResponse message is used to acknowledge receipt of a ChannelStatusRequest message. 2.2. Transport Layer Except for Test messages, all LMP packets use UDP to communicate with its piers over a LMP port number. Multiple "LMP adjacencies" may be formed and be active between two nodes. LMP messages are transmitted reliably using Message_Ids and retransmissions. Unlike TCP which can use TCP-AO [RFC5925] for message authentication, UDP does not have any of authenticating packets. 2.3. Message Integrity and Node Authentication LMP [RFC4204] recommends the use of IPSec for authentication. That document also states that there is currently no requirement that LMP headers or payload be encrypted. It also states that LMP endpoint identity does not need to be protected. To authenticate LMP, the document further states that manual keying mode be supported. However, it notes that manual keying cannot effectively support replay protection and automatic re-keying. It therefore recommends that manual keying should only be used for diagnostic purposes and only use automatic re-keying for replay protection and automatic re-keying. Jethanandani Expires August 15, 2014 [Page 4] Internet-Draft RSVP-TE Analysis February 2014 2.4. Replay Attack MESSAGE_ID and MESSAGE_ID_ACK objects are included in the LMP messages to support reliable message delivery. The Message_Id field of the MESSAGE_ID object contains a generator selected value. This value is supposed to be monotonically increasing. A value is considered to be used when it has been sent in an LMP message with the same CC_Id or LMP adjacency. The Message_Id field of the MESSAGE_ID_ACK contains the Message_Id field of the message being acknowledged. Unacknowledged messages sent with the MESSAGE_ID object are to be retransmitted until the message is acknowledged or until a retry limit is reached. The Message_Id field is 32 bit wide and may wrap. The 32-bit Message_Id number space is not large enough to guarantee that the Message_Id number will not wrap around within a reasonable long period. Therefore, the system is susceptible to a replay attack. In addition, LMP does not provide for a generation of a unique monotonically increasing sequence numbers across a failure or a restart. 2.5. Out-of-order Protection LMP states that nodes processing incoming messages are supposed to check to see if the newly received message is out of order messages, and if so, they are to be ignored and dropped silently. Specifically, if the message is a Config message, and the Message_Id value is less than the largest Message_Id value previously received from the sender for the CC_Id, then the message is supposed to be treated as being out-of-order. If the message is a LinkSummary message and the Message_Id value is less than the largest Message_Id value previously received from the sender of the TE link, then the message is supposed to be treated as being out-of-order. Similarly, if the message is a ChannelStatus message and the Message_Id value is less than the largest Message_id value previously received from he sender of the specific TE link, then the receiver is supposed to check for the Message_Id value previously received from the state of each data channel included in the ChannelStatus message. If the Message_Id value associated with at least one of the data channels included in the message, the message is not supposed to be treated as out-of-order. All other messages are not supposed to be treated as out-of-order. Jethanandani Expires August 15, 2014 [Page 5] Internet-Draft RSVP-TE Analysis February 2014 3. Security Requirements for LMP LMP [RFC4204] states that the following requirements should be applied to secure the protocol. o LMP security must be able to provide authentication, integrity and replay protection. o Confidentiality is not needed for LMP traffic. o The protection of identity of the LMP end-points is not commonly required. o The security mechanism should provide for a well defined key management scheme. The key management scheme should be scalable and should provide for automatic key rollover. o The algorithm used for authentication must be cryptographically sound and it should provide for algorithm agility. 4. Gap Analysis for LMP This section outlines the differences between the current state of LMP and the desired state as outlined in sections 4.1 and 4.2 of KARP Design Guidelines [RFC6518]. 4.1. Replay Protection As outlined above, LMP protocol is subject to replay attacks. Solutions to replay protection include: 1. Maintaining Message_Id numbers in stable memory 2. Introducing the data from a local time clock into the generation of Message_Id numbers after a restart 3. Introducing the timing information from a Network Recovered Clock into the generation of Message_Id numbers after a restart. In addition, a handshake is defined for a receiver to get the latest value of a Message_Id number. Therefore, this solution is effective in addressing the issues caused by the rollback of Message_Id numbers across a system restart or failure. However, when a router uses the approach to generating Message_Id numbers with the time information from NTP, an attacker may try to deceive the router to generate a Message_Id number which is less than the Message_Id numbers it used to have, by sending replayed or foiled NTP information. Jethanandani Expires August 15, 2014 [Page 6] Internet-Draft RSVP-TE Analysis February 2014 5. IANA Requirements This document makes no IANA requests, and the RFC Editor may consider deleting this section on publication of this document as a RFC. 6. Security Consideration This document is all about security considerations for LMP. 7. Acknowledgements 8. References 8.1. Normative References [RFC4204] Lang, J., "Link Management Protocol (LMP)", RFC 4204, October 2005. [RFC6518] Lebovitz, G. and M. Bhatia, "Keying and Authentication for Routing Protocols (KARP) Design Guidelines", RFC 6518, February 2012. 8.2. Informative References [RFC4948] Andersson, L., Davies, E., and L. Zhang, "Report from the IAB workshop on Unwanted Traffic March 9-10, 2006", RFC 4948, August 2007. [RFC5925] Touch, J., Mankin, A., and R. Bonica, "The TCP Authentication Option", RFC 5925, June 2010. [RFC6039] Manral, V., Bhatia, M., Jaeggli, J., and R. White, "Issues with Existing Cryptographic Protection Methods for Routing Protocols", RFC 6039, October 2010. [RFC6863] Hartman, S. and D. Zhang, "Analysis of OSPF Security According to the Keying and Authentication for Routing Protocols (KARP) Design Guide", RFC 6863, March 2013. [RFC6952] Jethanandani, M., Patel, K., and L. Zheng, "Analysis of BGP, LDP, PCEP, and MSDP Issues According to the Keying and Authentication for Routing Protocols (KARP) Design Guide", RFC 6952, May 2013. Jethanandani Expires August 15, 2014 [Page 7] Internet-Draft RSVP-TE Analysis February 2014 Author's Address Mahesh Jethanandani Ciena Corporation 3939 North 1st Street San Jose, CA 95134 USA Phone: +1 (408) 904-2160 Email: mjethanandani@gmail.com Jethanandani Expires August 15, 2014 [Page 8]