Network Working Group A. Melnikov, Ed. Internet-Draft Isode Ltd Intended status: Standards Track W. Chuang, Ed. Expires: January 20, 2017 Google, Inc. July 19, 2016 Internationalized Email Addresses in X.509 certificates draft-melnikov-spasm-eai-addresses-04 Abstract This document defines a new name form for inclusion in the otherName field of an X.509 Subject Alternative Name extension that allows a certificate subject to be associated with an Internationalized Email Address. Status of This Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This Internet-Draft will expire on January 20, 2017. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2016 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. Melnikov & Chuang Expires January 20, 2017 [Page 1] Internet-Draft I18N Mail Addresses in X.509 certificates July 2016 Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2. Conventions Used in This Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3. Name Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4. Matching of Internationalized Email Addresses in X.509 certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5. Name constraints in path validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 6. Resource Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 7. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 8. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 9. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 9.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 9.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Appendix A. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1. Introduction [RFC5280] defines rfc822Name subjectAltName choice for representing [RFC5322] email addresses. This form is restricted to a subset of US-ASCII characters and thus can't be used to represent Internationalized Email addresses [RFC6531]. 2. Conventions Used in This Document The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119]. The formal syntax use the Augmented Backus-Naur Form (ABNF) [RFC5234] notation. 3. Name Definitions This section defines the smtputf8Name name as a form of otherName from the GeneralName structure in SubjectAltName defined in [RFC5280]. id-on-smtputf8Name OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-on XXX } smtputf8Name ::= UTF8String (SIZE (1..MAX)) When the subjectAltName extension contains an Internationalized Email address, the address MUST be stored in the smtputf8Name name form of otherName. The format of smtputf8Name is defined as the ABNF rule smtputf8Mailbox. smtputf8Mailbox is a modified version of the Internationalized Mailbox which is defined in Section 3.3 of Melnikov & Chuang Expires January 20, 2017 [Page 2] Internet-Draft I18N Mail Addresses in X.509 certificates July 2016 [RFC6531] which is itself derived from SMTP Mailbox from Section 4.1.2 of [RFC5321]. [RFC6531] defines the following ABNF rules for Mailbox whose parts are modified for internationalization: , , , , , and . In particular was updated to also support UTF8-non-ascii. UTF8-non-ascii is described by Section 3.1 of [RFC6532]. Also sub-domain is extended to support U-label, as defined in [RFC5890] This document further refines Internationalized [RFC6531] Mailbox ABNF rules and calls this smtputf8Mailbox. In smtputf8Mailbox, sub- domain that encode non-ascii characters SHALL use U-label Unicode native character labels and MUST NOT use A-label [RFC5890]. This restriction prevents having to determine which label encoding A- or U-label is present in the Domain. As per Section 2.3.2.1 of [RFC5890], U-label use UTF-8 [RFC3629] with Normalization Form C and other properties specified there. In smtputf8Mailbox, sub-domain that encode solely ASCII character labels SHALL use NR-LDH restrictions as specified by section 2.3.1 of [RFC5890]. Note that a smtputf8Mailbox has no phrase (such as a common name) before it, has no comment (text surrounded in parentheses) after it, and is not surrounded by "<" and ">". In the context of building name constraint as needed by [RFC5280], the smtputf8Mailbox rules are modified to allow partial productions to allow for additional forms required by Section 5. Name constraints may specify a complete email address, host name, or domain. This means that the local-part may be missing, and domain partially specified. 4. Matching of Internationalized Email Addresses in X.509 certificates In equivalence comparison with smtputf8Name, there may be some setup work to enable the comparison i.e. processing of the smtputf8Name content or the email address that is being compared against. The process for setup for comparing with smtputf8Name is split into domain steps and local-part steps. The comparison form for local- part always is UTF-8. The comparison form for domain depends on context. While some contexts such as certificate path validation in [RFC5280] specify transforming to A-label, this document RECOMMENDS transforming to UTF-8 U-label even in place of those other specifications. As more implementations natively support U-label domain, requiring U-label reduces conversions required, which then reduces likelihood of errors caused by bugs in implementation. Comparison of two smtputf8Name can be straightforward. No setup work is needed and it can be an octet for octet comparison. For other email address forms such as Internationalized email address or Melnikov & Chuang Expires January 20, 2017 [Page 3] Internet-Draft I18N Mail Addresses in X.509 certificates July 2016 rfc822Name, the comparison requires additional setup to convert the format for comparison. Domain setup is particularly important for forms that may contain A- or U-label such as International email address, or A-label only forms such as rfc822Name. This document specifies the process to transform the domain to U-label. (To convert the domain to A-label, follow the process process specified in section 7.5 and 7.2 in [RFC5280]) The first step is to detect A-label by using section 5.1 of [RFC5891]. Next if necessary, transform the A-label to U-label Unicode as specified in section 5.2 of [RFC5891]. Finally if necessary convert the Unicode to UTF-8 as specified in section 3 of [RFC3629]. In setup for smtputf8Mailbox, the email address local-part MUST be converted to UTF-8 if it is not already. The part of an Internationalized email address is already in UTF-8. For the rfc822Name local-part is IA5String (ASCII), and conversion to UTF-8 is trivial since ASCII octets maps to UTF-8 without change. Once the setup is completed, comparison is an octet for octet comparison. 5. Name constraints in path validation This section defines use of smtputf8Name name for name constraints. The format for smtputf8Name in name constraints is identical to the use in subjectAltName as specified in Section 3 with the extension as noted there for partial productions. Constraint comparison on complete email address with smtputf8Name name uses the matching procedure defined by Section 4. As with rfc822Name name constraints as specified in Section 4.2.1.10 of [RFC5280], smtputf8Name name can specify a particular mailbox, all addresses at a host, or all mailboxes in a domain by specifying the complete email address, a host name, or a domain. Name constraint comparisons in the context [RFC5280] is specified with smtputf8Name name are only done on the subjectAltName smtputf8Name name, and says nothing more about constaints on other email address forms such as rfc822Name. Consequently it may be necessary to include other name constraints such as rfc822Name in addition to smtputf8Name to constrain all potential email addresses. For example a domain with both ascii and non-ascii local-part email addresses may require both rfc822Name and smtputf8Name name constraints. This can be illustrated in the following Figure 1 which shows a name constraint set in the intermediate CA certificate, which then applies to the children entity certificates. Note that a constraint on rfc822Name does not apply to smtputf8Name and vice versa. Melnikov & Chuang Expires January 20, 2017 [Page 4] Internet-Draft I18N Mail Addresses in X.509 certificates July 2016 +-------------------------------------------------+ | Root CA Cert | +-------------------------------------------------+ | v +-------------------------------------------------+ | Intermediate CA Cert | | Name Constraint Extension | | Permitted | | rfc822Name: allowed.com | | smtputf8Name: allowed.com | | rfc822Name: ignored.com | +-------------------------------------------------+ | | v | +-------------------------------------------------+ | Entity Cert (w/explicitly permitted subjects) | | SubjectAltName Extension | | rfc822Name: student@allowed.com | | smtputf8Name: \u8001\u5E2B@allowed.com | +-------------------------------------------------+ | v +-------------------------------------------------+ | Entity Cert (w/permitted subject b/c undefined) | | SubjectAltName Extension | | smtputf8Name: \u4E0D\u5C0D@ignored.com | +-------------------------------------------------+ Figure 1 6. Resource Considerations For email addresses whose local-part is ASCII it may be more reasonable to continue using rfc822Name instead of smtputf8Name. Use of smtputf8Name incurs higher byte representation overhead due to encoding with otherName and the additional OID needed. This document RECOMMENDS using smtputf8Name when local-part contains non-ASCII characters, and otherwise rfc822Name. 7. IANA Considerations [[CREF1: Just need a new OID.]] Melnikov & Chuang Expires January 20, 2017 [Page 5] Internet-Draft I18N Mail Addresses in X.509 certificates July 2016 8. Security Considerations Use for smtputf8Name for certificate subjectAltName will incur many of the same security considerations of Section 8 in [RFC5280] but further complicated by permitting non-ASCII characters in the email address local-part. As mentioned in Section 4.4 of [RFC5890] and in Section 4 of [RFC6532] Unicode introduces the risk for visually similar characters which can be exploited to deceive the recipient. The former document references some means to mitigate against these attacks. 9. References 9.1. Normative References [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, . [RFC3629] Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646", STD 63, RFC 3629, DOI 10.17487/RFC3629, November 2003, . [RFC5234] Crocker, D., Ed. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax Specifications: ABNF", STD 68, RFC 5234, DOI 10.17487/RFC5234, January 2008, . [RFC5280] Cooper, D., Santesson, S., Farrell, S., Boeyen, S., Housley, R., and W. Polk, "Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile", RFC 5280, DOI 10.17487/RFC5280, May 2008, . [RFC5321] Klensin, J., "Simple Mail Transfer Protocol", RFC 5321, DOI 10.17487/RFC5321, October 2008, . [RFC5890] Klensin, J., "Internationalized Domain Names for Applications (IDNA): Definitions and Document Framework", RFC 5890, DOI 10.17487/RFC5890, August 2010, . [RFC5891] Klensin, J., "Internationalized Domain Names in Applications (IDNA): Protocol", RFC 5891, DOI 10.17487/RFC5891, August 2010, . Melnikov & Chuang Expires January 20, 2017 [Page 6] Internet-Draft I18N Mail Addresses in X.509 certificates July 2016 [RFC6531] Yao, J. and W. Mao, "SMTP Extension for Internationalized Email", RFC 6531, DOI 10.17487/RFC6531, February 2012, . [RFC6532] Yang, A., Steele, S., and N. Freed, "Internationalized Email Headers", RFC 6532, DOI 10.17487/RFC6532, February 2012, . 9.2. Informative References [RFC5322] Resnick, P., Ed., "Internet Message Format", RFC 5322, DOI 10.17487/RFC5322, October 2008, . Appendix A. Acknowledgements Thank you to Magnus Nystrom for motivating this document. Thanks to Nicolas Lidzborski, Laetitia Baudoin, Ryan Sleevi and Sean Leonard for their early feedback. Also thanks to John Klensin for his valuable input on internationalization, Unicode and ABNF formatting. Authors' Addresses Alexey Melnikov (editor) Isode Ltd 14 Castle Mews Hampton, Middlesex TW12 2NP UK Email: Alexey.Melnikov@isode.com Weihaw Chuang (editor) Google, Inc. 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway Mountain View, CA 94043 US Email: weihaw@google.com Melnikov & Chuang Expires January 20, 2017 [Page 7]