Network Working Group M.T. Rose
Internet-Draft Invisible Worlds, Inc.
Expires: August 26, 2001 G. Klyne
Content Technologies Limited
D.H. Crocker
Brandenburg Consulting
February 25, 2001
The APEX Presence Service
draft-mrose-apex-presence-03
Status of this Memo
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Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2001). All Rights Reserved.
Abstract
This memo describes the APEX presence service, addressed as the well-
known endpoint "apex=presence". The presence service is used to
manage presence information for APEX endpoints.
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Management of Presence Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.1 Update of Presence Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2 Distribution of Presence Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.3 Distribution of Watcher Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3. Format of Presence Entries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4. The Presence Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.1 Use of XML and MIME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4.2 The Subscribe Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4.3 The Watch Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.4 The Publish Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
4.5 The Terminate Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4.6 The Notify Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
4.7 The Reply Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
5. Registration: The Presence Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
6. The Presence Service DTD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
7. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
A. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
B. Changes from IMXP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Full Copyright Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
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1. Introduction
This memo describes a presence service that is built upon the APEX[1]
"relaying mesh". The APEX presence service is used to manage presence
information for APEX endpoints.
APEX, at its core, provides a best-effort datagram service. Within an
administrative domain, all relays must be able to handle messages for
any endpoint within that domain. APEX services are logically defined
as endpoints but given their ubiquitous semantics they do not
necessarily need to be associated with a single physical endpoint. As
such, they may be provisioned co-resident with each relay within an
administrative domain, even though they are logically provided on top
of the relaying mesh, i.e.,
+----------+ +----------+ +----------+ +---------+
| APEX | | APEX | | APEX | | |
| access | | presence | | report | | ... |
| service | | service | | service | | |
+----------+ +----------+ +----------+ +---------+
| | | |
| | | |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| APEX core |
| |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
That is, applications communicate with an APEX service by exchanging
data with a "well-known endpoint" (WKE).
APEX applications communicate with the presence service by exchanging
data with the well-known endpoint "apex=presence" in the
corresponding administrative domain, e.g.,
"apex=presence@example.com" is the endpoint associated with the
presence service in the "example.com" administrative domain.
Note that within a single administrative domain, the presence service
makes use of the APEX access[3] service in order to determine if an
originator is allowed to view or manage presence information.
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2. Management of Presence Information
Management of presence information falls into three categories:
o applications may update the presence entry associated with an
endpoint;
o applications may subscribe to receive presence information about
an endpoint; and,
o applications may find out who is subscribed to receive presence
information.
Each is now described in turn.
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2.1 Update of Presence Information
When an application wants to modify the presence entry associated
with an endpoint, it sends a publish operation to the service, e.g.,
+-------+ +-------+
| | -- data -------> | |
| appl. | | relay |
| | <--------- ok -- | |
+-------+ +-------+
C:
S:
Note that this example uses the subaddress-specification convention
of RFC 2846[4] (e.g., "fred/appl=im") to denote multiplexing of
traffic for a particular endpoint. Of course, popular applications
may have their own URI method assigned to them (e.g.,
"im:fred@example.com").
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The service immediately responds with a reply operation containing
the same transaction-identifier, e.g.,
+-------+ +-------+
| | <------- data -- | |
| relay | | pres. |
| | -- ok ---------> | svc. |
+-------+ +-------+
C:
S:
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2.2 Distribution of Presence Information
When an application wants to (periodically) receive the presence
entry associated with an endpoint, it sends a subscribe operation to
the service, e.g.,
+-------+ +-------+
| | -- data -------> | |
| appl. | | relay |
| | <--------- ok -- | |
+-------+ +-------+
C:
S:
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The service immediately responds with a publish operation containing
the same transaction-identifier, e.g.,
+-------+ +-------+
| | <------- data -- | |
| relay | | pres. |
| | -- ok ---------> | svc. |
+-------+ +-------+
C:
S:
Subsequently, for up to the specified "duration", the service sends
new publish operations whenever there are any changes to the
endpoint's presence information. If the "duration" is zero-valued, a
one time poll of the presence information is achieved; otherwise, at
the end of the "duration", a terminate operation is sent.
Note that Step 5 of Section 4.4 requires that the "lastUpdate"
attribute of a presence entry be supplied in order to update that
entry; accordingly, applications must successfully retrieve an
publish entry prior to trying to update that entry. This is usually
accomplished by subscribing with a zero-valued duration.
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Either the subscriber or the service may cancel a subscription by
sending a terminate operation, e.g.,
+-------+ +-------+
| | -- data -------> | |
| appl. | | relay |
| | <--------- ok -- | |
+-------+ +-------+
C:
S:
+-------+ +-------+
| | <------- data -- | |
| relay | | pres. |
| | -- ok ---------> | svc. |
+-------+ +-------+
C:
S:
or
+-------+ +-------+
| | <------- data -- | |
| relay | | pres. |
| | -- ok ---------> | svc. |
+-------+ +-------+
C:
S:
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2.3 Distribution of Watcher Information
When an application wants to (periodically) receive notices about
endpoints that are subscribed to receive presence information, it
sends a watch operation to the service, e.g.,
+-------+ +-------+
| | -- data -------> | |
| appl. | | relay |
| | <--------- ok -- | |
+-------+ +-------+
C:
S:
The service immediately responds with a reply operation containing
the same transaction-identifier, e.g.,
+-------+ +-------+
| | <------- data -- | |
| relay | | pres. |
| | -- ok ---------> | svc. |
+-------+ +-------+
C:
S:
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For each current subscriber, the service immediately sends a notify
operation containing the same transaction-identifier, e.g.,
+-------+ +-------+
| | <------- data -- | |
| relay | | pres. |
| | -- ok ---------> | svc. |
+-------+ +-------+
C:
S:
Subsequently, for up to the specified "duration", the service sends
new notify operations whenever an application subscribes
successfully. If the "duration" is zero-valued, a one time poll of
the watcher information is achieved; otherwise, at the end of the
"duration", a terminate operation is sent.
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Either the watcher or the service may cancel the request by sending a
terminate operation, e.g.,
+-------+ +-------+
| | -- data -------> | |
| appl. | | relay |
| | <--------- ok -- | |
+-------+ +-------+
C:
S:
+-------+ +-------+
| | <------- data -- | |
| relay | | pres. |
| | -- ok ---------> | svc. |
+-------+ +-------+
C:
S:
or
+-------+ +-------+
| | <------- data -- | |
| relay | | pres. |
| | -- ok ---------> | svc. |
+-------+ +-------+
C:
S:
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3. Format of Presence Entries
Each administrative domain is responsible for maintaining a "presence
entry" for each of its endpoints (regardless of whether those
endpoints are currently attached to the relaying mesh).
Section 6 defines the syntax for presence entries. Each presence
entry has a "publisher" attribute, a "lastUpdate" attribute, a
"publisherInfo" attribute, and contains one or more "tuple" elements:
o the "publisher" attribute specifies the endpoint associated with
the presence entry;
o the "lastUpdate" attribute specifies the date and time that the
service last updated the presence entry;
o the "publisherInfo" attribute specifies arbitrary information
about the publisher (using a URI); and,
o each "tuple" element specifies information about an entity
associated with the endpoint.
Each "tuple" element has a "destination" attribute, an
"availableUntil" attribute, a "tupleInfo" attribute, and contains
zero or more "capability" elements:
o the "destination" attribute identifies the entity as a URI (e.g.,
"apex:fred/appl=im@example.com" or "mailto:fred@flintstone.com");
o the "availableUntil" attribute specifies the latest date and time
that the entity is capable of receiving messages;
o the "tupleInfo" attribute specifies arbitrary information about
the entity (using a URI); and,
o each "capability" element contains a specification as to the kinds
of content the entity is capable of receiving.
Each "capability" element contains arbitrary character data formatted
according to the standard indicated in the element's "baseline"
attribute.
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4. The Presence Service
Section 5 contains the APEX service registration for the presence
service:
o Within an administrative domain, the service is addressed using
the well-known endpoint of "apex=presence".
o Section 6 defines the syntax of the operations exchanged with the
service.
o A consumer of the service initiates communications by sending data
containing the subscribe, watch, or publish operation.
o In addition to replying to these operations, the service may also
initiate communications by sending data containing the terminate,
publish, or notify operations.
An implementation of the service must maintain information about both
presence entries and in-progress operations in persistent storage.
Consult Section 6.1.1 of [1] for a discussion on the properties of
long-lived transaction-identifiers.
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4.1 Use of XML and MIME
Section 4.1 of [1] describes how arbitrary MIME content is exchanged
as a BEEP[2] payload. For example, to transmit:
where "..." refers to:
then the corresponding BEEP message might look like this:
C: MSG 1 1 . 42 1234
C: Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary="boundary";
C: start="<1@example.com>";
C: type="application/beep+xml"
C:
C: --boundary
C: Content-Type: application/beep+xml
C: Content-ID: <1@example.com>
C:
C:
C:
C:
C:
C: --boundary
C: Content-Type: application/beep+xml
C: Content-ID: <2@example.com>
C:
C:
C: --boundary--
C: END
or this:
C: MSG 1 1 . 42 1234
C: Content-Type: application/beep+xml
C:
C:
C:
C:
C:
C:
C:
C:
C: END
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4.2 The Subscribe Operation
When an application wants to (periodically) receive the presence
entry associated with an endpoint, it sends a "subscribe" element to
the service.
The "subscribe" element has a "publisher" attribute, a "duration"
attribute, a "transID" attribute, and no content:
o the "publisher" attribute specifies the endpoint associated with
the presence entry;
o the "transID" attribute specifies the transaction-identifier
associated with this operation; and,
o the "duration" attribute specifies the maximum number of seconds
for which the originator is interested in receiving updated
presence information.
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When the service receives a "subscribe" element, we refer to the
"publisher" attribute of that element as the "subject", and the
service performs these steps:
1. If the subject is outside of this administrative domain, a
"reply" element having code 553 is sent to the originator.
2. If the subject does not refer to a valid endpoint, a "reply"
element having code 550 is sent to the originator.
3. If the subject's access entry does not contain a
"presence:subscribe" token for the originator, a "reply" element
having code 537 is sent to the originator.
4. If the originator already has an in-progress subscribe operation
for the subject, then the previous subscribe operation is
silently terminated, and processing continues.
5. If the "transID" attribute refers to an in-progress subscribe or
watch operation for the originator, a "reply" element having code
555 is sent to the originator.
6. Otherwise:
1. A "publish" element, corresponding to the subject's presence
entry, is immediately sent to the originator.
2. For each endpoint currently watching subscribers to the
subject's presence information, a "notify" element is
immediately as sent (c.f., Step 6.3 of Section 4.6).
3. For up to the amount of time indicated by the "duration"
attribute of the "subscribe" element, if the subject's
presence entry changes, an updated "presence" element is sent
to the originator using the publish operation (Section 4.4).
Finally, when the amount of time indicated by the "duration"
attribute expires, a terminate operation (Section 4.5) is
sent to the originator.
Note that if the duration is zero-valued, then the subscribe
operation is making a one-time poll of the presence information.
Accordingly, Step 6.3 above does not occur.
Regardless of whether a "publish" or "reply" element is sent to the
originator, the "transID" attribute is identical to the value found
in the "subscribe" element sent by the originator.
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4.3 The Watch Operation
When an application wants to (periodically) receive notices about
endpoints that are subscribed to receive presence information, it
sends a "watch" element to the service.
The "watch" element has a "publisher" attribute, a "duration"
attribute, a "transID" attribute, and no content:
o the "publisher" attribute specifies the endpoint associated with
the presence entry;
o the "transID" attribute specifies the transaction-identifier
associated with this operation; and,
o the "duration" attribute specifies the maximum number of seconds
for which the originator is interested in watching subscribers.
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When the service receives a "watch" element, we refer to the
"publisher" attribute of that element as the "subject", and the
service performs these steps:
1. If the subject is outside of this administrative domain, a
"reply" element having code 553 is sent to the originator.
2. If the subject does not refer to a valid endpoint, a "reply"
element having code 550 is sent to the originator.
3. If the subject's access entry does not contain a "presence:watch"
token for the originator, a "reply" element having code 537 is
sent to the originator.
4. If the originator already has an in-progress watch operation for
the subject, then the previous watch operation is silently
terminated, and processing continues.
5. If the "transID" attribute refers to an in-progress subscribe or
watch operation for the originator, a "reply" element having code
555 is sent to the originator.
6. Otherwise:
1. A "reply" element having code 250 is sent to the originator.
2. For each endpoint currently subscribing to the subject's
presence information, a "notify" element is immediately sent
to the originator (c.f., Section 4.6). Finally, when the
amount of time indicated by the "duration" attribute expires,
a terminate operation (Section 4.5) is sent to the
originator.
3. For up to the amount of time indicated by the "duration"
attribute of the "watch" element, whenever a subscribe
operation succeeds, a "notify" element is sent to the
originator. Finally, when the amount of time indicated by the
"duration" attribute expires, the a terminate operation
(Section 4.5) is sent to the originator.
Note that if the duration is zero-valued, then the watch
operation is making a one-time poll of the presence information.
Accordingly, Step 6.3 above does not occur.
Regardless of whether a "notify" or "reply" element is sent to the
originator, the "transID" attribute is identical to the value found
in the "presence" element sent by the originator.
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4.4 The Publish Operation
When an application wants to modify the presence entry associated
with an endpoint, it sends a "publish" element to the service. In
addition, the service sends a "publish" element to endpoints that
have subscribed to see presence information (c.f., Section 4.2).
The "publish" element has a "publisher" attribute, a "transID"
attribute, a "timeStamp" attribute, and contains a "presence"
element:
o the "publisher" attribute specifies the endpoint to be associated
with the presence entry;
o the "transID" attribute specifies the transaction-identifier
associated with this operation;
o the "timeStamp" attribute specifies the application's notion of
the current date and time; and,
o the "presence" element contains the desired presence entry for the
endpoint.
When the service sends a "publish" element, the "transID" attribute
specifies the transaction-identifier associated with the subscribe
operation that caused this "publish" element to be sent, and the
"timeStamp" attribute specifies the service's notion of the current
date and time. No reply is sent by the receiving endpoint.
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When the service receives a "publish" element, we refer to the
"publisher" attribute of that element as the "subject", and the
service performs these steps:
1. If the "publisher" attribute of the "publish" element doesn't
match the "publisher" attribute of the "presence" element
contained in the "publish" element, a "reply" element having code
503 is sent to the originator.
2. If the subject is outside of this administrative domain, a
"reply" element having code 553 is sent to the originator.
3. If the subject does not refer to a valid endpoint, a "reply"
element having code 550 is sent to the originator.
4. If the subject's access entry does not contain a
"presence:publish" token for the originator, a "reply" element
having code 537 is sent to the originator.
5. If the "lastUpdate" attribute of the "publish" element is not
semantically identical to the "lastUpdate" attribute of the
subject's presence entry, a "reply" element having code 555 is
sent to the originator. (This allows a simple mechanism for
atomic updates.)
6. Otherwise:
1. The subject's presence entry is updated from the "publish"
element.
2. The "lastUpdate" attribute of the presence entry is set to
the service's notion of the current date and time.
3. A "reply" element having code 250 is sent to the originator.
When sending the "reply" element, the "transID" attribute is
identical to the value found in the "publish" element sent by the
originator.
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4.5 The Terminate Operation
When an application no longer wishes to subscribe to presence
information or to watch endpoints that are subscribed to receive
presence information, it sends a "terminate" element to the service;
similarly, when the service no longer considers an application to be
subscribing or watching, a "terminate" element is sent to the
application.
The "terminate" element contains only a "transID" attribute that
specifies the transaction-identifier associated an in-progress
subscribe or watch operation. Section 9.1 of [1] defines the syntax
for the "terminate" element.
When the service receives a "terminate" element, it performs these
steps:
1. If the transaction-identifier does not refer to a previous
subscribe or watch operation for the originator, an "error"
element having code 550 is returned.
2. Otherwise, the previous subscribe or watch operation for the
originator is terminated, and a "reply" element having code 250
is sent to the originator.
Note that following a terminate operation, the originator may receive
further presence or watcher updates. Although the service will send
no further updates after processing a terminate operation and sending
the reply operation, earlier updates may be in transit.
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4.6 The Notify Operation
The service sends a "notify" element to endpoints that are watching
other endpoints subscribed to presence information (c.f., Section
4.3).
The "notify" element has a "subscriber" attribute, a "transID"
attribute, and no content:
o the "subscriber" attribute specifies the endpoint that is
subscribed to presence information; and,
o the "transID" attribute specifies the transaction-identifier
associated with the watch operation that caused this "notify"
element to be sent. No reply is sent by the receiving endpoint.
4.7 The Reply Operation
While processing operations, the service may respond with a "reply"
element. Consult Sections 10.2 and 6.1.2 of [1], respectively, for
the syntax and semantics of the reply operation.
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5. Registration: The Presence Service
Well-Known Endpoint: apex=presence
Syntax of Messages Exchanged: c.f., Section 6
Sequence of Messages Exchanged: c.f., Section 4
Access Control Tokens: presence:subscribe, presence:watch,
presence:publish
Contact Information: c.f., the "Authors' Addresses" section of this
memo
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6. The Presence Service DTD
%APEXCORE;
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7. Security Considerations
Consult Section [1]'s Section 11 for a discussion of security issues.
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References
[1] Rose, M.T., Klyne, G. and D.H. Crocker, "The Application
Exchange Core", draft-mrose-apex-core-03 (work in progress),
February 2001.
[2] Rose, M.T., "The Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol Core",
draft-ietf-beep-framework-11 (work in progress), January 2001.
[3] Rose, M.T., Klyne, G. and D.H. Crocker, "The APEX Access
Service", draft-mrose-apex-access-02 (work in progress),
December 2000.
[4] Allocchio, C., "GSTN Address Element Extensions in E-mail
Services", RFC 2846, June 2000.
Authors' Addresses
Marshall T. Rose
Invisible Worlds, Inc.
1179 North McDowell Boulevard
Petaluma, CA 94954-6559
US
Phone: +1 707 789 3700
EMail: mrose@invisible.net
URI: http://invisible.net/
Graham Klyne
Content Technologies Limited
1220 Parkview
Arlington Business Park
Theale, Reading RG7 4SA
UK
Phone: +44 118 930 1300
EMail: gk@acm.org
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David H. Crocker
Brandenburg Consulting
675 Spruce Drive
Sunnyvale, CA 94086
US
Phone: +1 408 246 8253
EMail: dcrocker@brandenburg.com
URI: http://www.brandenburg.com/
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Appendix A. Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions of: Neil Cook,
Eric Dixon, Darren New, and Scott Pead.
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Appendix B. Changes from IMXP
o s/IMXP/APEX/g
o Clarify the notion of co-residence for APEX services.
o Change data's originator from an attribute to an element.
o CPIM mapping moved to another document.
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Acknowledgement
Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
Internet Society.
Rose, et. al. Expires August 26, 2001 [Page 32]