Terminology for Cryptoassets

An identifier to represent a public key in a blockchain network. It is a person who conducts operational maintenance of the system with authority to change system setting. From the viewpoint of mutual checking, there are administrators with different authorities depending on the subjects to be managed. Defined in as “A modern branch of cryptography (popularly known as “public-key cryptography”) in which the algorithms use a pair of keys (a public key and a private key) and use a different component of the pair for each of two counterpart cryptographic operations (e.g., encryption and decryption, or signature creation and signature verification). “ A basic unit of the blockchain. A set of transactions on a blockchain which contains a cryptographic hash value of previous block. A digital ledger about transactions for cryptoassets. (For transactions,) checking correctness of a transaction in the mainchain. Coincidence the way of thinking. Cryptographically guaranteed value. See: wallet Defined in as “A value computed with a cryptographic algorithm and associated with a data object in such a way that any recipient of the data can use the signature to verify the data’s origin and integrity.” A distributed database about cryptoassets with agreed processed. Defined in as “result of successfully spending some money more than once.” Currency which has been established by government or other authorities. A fork is a branch of a ledger. Ledger branching may occur accidentally or by specification changes. An accidental fork is a case where a block is accidentally mined at about the same time, and a plurality of chains coexist temporarily. It occurs on a daily basis and converges to the longest chain by re-org. A soft fork may influence the implementation of a miner in branches caused by specification change of block chain, but does not affect wallet implementation. A hard fork is a branch caused by a specification change without forward compatibility of the block chain, which may affect the wallet implementation in addition to the miner. There is a case where a plurality of chains continue to coexist permanently because there is no consensus between developers regarding the case where the majority of nodes stay in the specification change by following the hard fork, We call it split. Examples of typical splits include the division of Ethereum and Ethereum Classic in the The DAO case of 2016, the division of Bitcoin and Bitcoin Cash in 2017, and so on. The new coin born by division is called a fork coin. An initial block on a blockchain. Genesis block may differ to distinguish chains. Defined in as “The output of a hash function.” Amount of a hash value which node is able to generate per unit of time (generally per second) See: wallet A process to append a received transaction to a block by validating a transaction with agreed consensus rules such as proof-of-work and proof-of-stake. Miner is a network node which contributes its resources to mining. See: mining Defined in as “requiring more than one key to authorize a bitcoin transaction”. In this scope, transaction is not limited to bitcoin transaction. A device that connects to blockchain network. The movement of value outside of the blockchain The movement of value on the blockchain It is a person who performs routine tasks based on authority as a normal task. Defined in as “Blocks whose parent block has not been processed by the local node, so they can’t be fully validated yet.” A public blockchain that only specified members can join the blockchain network. See: permissioned-chain An open blockchain that anyone can retrieve all of blocks and transactions without special privileges. Defined in as “The publicly disclosable component of a pair of cryptographic keys used for asymmetric cryptography.” In contrast with “public-chain”, A closed blockchain that only permissioned users can access blocks and make transactions. Defined in as “The secret component of a pair of cryptographic keys used for asymmetric cryptography.” Defined in as “method by which a cryptocurrency blockchain network aims to achieve distributed consensus.” Defined in as “A piece of data that requires significant computation to find.” Invalidation process of branched blockchains. Value by the blockchain network which assigned to a miner who successfully validates a transaction. Rules may differ among blockchains and consensus rules. See off-chain A guaranteed digital procedure that automatically enforced on a blockchain network. See: fork An unforgeable data object. Defined in as “More precisely, a transaction is a signed data structure expressing a transfer of value.” Checking correctness and consistency of given data. See: validation See: validation A wallet is an implementation that handles a key pair of a public key and a secret key used for transmitting a virtual currency and such a key pair. In this document, the latter is distinguished and called wallet implementation. It is a wallet that is online connected to the network, the key is activated, and you can coin out the virtual currency by automatic processing. Normally it is disconnected from the network and the key is inactivated and it is a wallet that can not be coined out unless there is an explicit operation by the operator. Frequency of outgoing coins is limited. Between Hot Wallet and Cold Wallet, there are various intermediate forms such as wallet that is online, but requires manual operation at the time of signing a transaction, wallet that is offline but operation is automated, and warm wallet There are also sometimes called.