HTTP Transport Authentication

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Table of Contents

1. Introduction

Existing HTTP authentication mechanisms are probeable in the sense that it is possible for an unauthenticated client to probe whether an origin serves resources that require authentication. It is possible for an origin to hide the fact that it requires authentication by not generating Unauthorized status codes, however that only works with non-cryptographic authentication schemes: cryptographic schemes (such as signatures or message authentication codes) require a fresh nonce to be signed, and there is no existing way for the origin to share such a nonce without exposing the fact that it serves resources that require authentication. This document proposes a new non-probeable cryptographic authentication scheme.¶

There are scenarios where servers may want to expose the fact that authentication is required for access to specific resources. This is left for future work.¶

  OWS           = <OWS, see {{Section 5.6.3 of HTTP}}>
  quoted-string = <quoted-string, see {{Section 5.6.4 of HTTP}}>
  token         = <token, see {{Section 5.6.2 of HTTP}}>
  token68       = <token68, see {{Section 5.6.3 of HTTP}}>
  oid           = <oid, see {{Section 2 of OID}}>

2. Computing the Authentication Proof

This document only defines Transport Authentication for uses of HTTP with TLS. This includes any use of HTTP over TLS as typically used for HTTP/2, or HTTP/3 where the transport protocol uses TLS as its authentication and key exchange mechanism [QUIC-TLS].¶

The user agent leverages a TLS keying material exporter [KEY-EXPORT] to generate a nonce which can be signed using the user-id's key. The keying material exporter uses a label that starts with the characters "EXPORTER-HTTP-Transport-Authentication-" (see Section 4 for the labels and contexts used by each scheme). The TLS keying material exporter is used to generate a 32-byte key which is then used as a nonce.¶

3. Header Field Definition

The "Transport-Authentication" header allows a user agent to authenticate its transport connection with an origin server.¶

  Transport-Authentication = tpauth-scheme *( OWS ";" OWS param )
  tpauth-scheme            = token
  param                    = token "=" ( token / quoted-string )

    u = token68

    p = token68

    a = oid

4. Transport Authentication Schemes

The Transport Authentication Framework allows defining Transport Authentication Schemes, which specify how to authenticate user-ids. This documents defined the "Signature" and "HMAC" schemes.¶

Transport-Authentication: Signature u="am9obi5kb2U=";
a=1.3.101.112;
p="SW5zZXJ0IHNpZ25hdHVyZSBvZiBub25jZSBoZXJlIHdo
aWNoIHRha2VzIDUxMiBiaXRzIGZvciBFZDI1NTE5IQ=="

Transport-Authentication: HMAC u="am9obi5kb2U=";
a=2.16.840.1.101.3.4.2.3;
p="SW5zZXJ0IEhNQUMgb2Ygbm9uY2UgaGVyZSB3aGljaCB0YWtl
cyA1MTIgYml0cyBmb3IgU0hBLTUxMiEhISEhIQ=="

5. Intermediary Considerations

Since Transport Authentication authenticates the underlying transport by leveraging TLS keying material exporters, it cannot be transparently forwarded by HTTP intermediaries. HTTP intermediaries that support this specification will validate the authentication received from the client themselves, then inform the upstream HTTP server of the presence of valid authentication using some other mechanism.¶

6. Security Considerations

Transport Authentication allows a user-agent to authenticate to an origin server while guaranteeing freshness and without the need for the server to transmit a nonce to the user agent. This allows the server to accept authenticated clients without revealing that it supports or expects authentication for some resources. It also allows authentication without the user agent leaking the presence of authentication to observers due to clear-text TLS Client Hello extensions.¶

7. IANA Considerations

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank many members of the IETF community, as this document is the fruit of many hallway conversations. Using the OID for the signature and HMAC algorithms was inspired by Signature Authentication in IKEv2.¶

Authors' Addresses