Sutton-Slevinski Collaboration S. Slevinski Internet-Draft SignPuddle Intended status: Informational May 9, 2016 Expires: November 10, 2016 The SignPuddle Standard for SignWriting Text draft-slevinski-signwriting-text-07 Abstract For concreteness, because the universal character set is not yet universal, and because an international standard for the internet community should be documented and stable, this I-D has been released with the intention of producing an RFC to document the character use and naming conventions of the SignWriting community on the Internet. The SignWriting Script is an international standard for writing sign languages by hand or with computers. From education to research, from entertainment to religion, SignWriting has proven useful because people are using it to write signed languages. The SignWriting Script has two major families: Block Printing for the reader and Handwriting for the writer. Formal SignWriting uses ASCII strings to name logographic signs. The mathematical names are explained with tokens and regular expression patterns. Symbol keys reference the symbols of the International SignWriting Alphabet 2010. Coordinates define X and Y number values for 2-dimensional placement. Signs are written in a spatial SignBox, where each symbol is positioned with a 2-dimension coordinate. For sorting, each sign can have an optional temporal sequence of symbols that is outside of the SignBox and the visible text. To create sentences, completed signs are written sequentially, interspersed with punctuation symbols. The query language of Formal SignWriting uses a lite markup, similar to FSW, to define a variety of searching possibilities. The spatial SignBox can be searched for symbols or ranges of symbols. For each symbol or range, the search can specify if the symbol only needs to be found somewhere in the SignBox, or if the symbol needs to be found near certain coordinates. The temporal sequence can be searched for starting symbols, written as a sequential list of symbols and ranges of symbols. When searching the temporal sequence, the search results will be limited to signs that start with a matching temporal sequence. Each query string is transformed into one or more regular expressions. The regular expressions are used to quickly search large amounts of data. Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 1] Internet-Draft SignWriting Text May 2016 The styling string of Formal SignWriting uses a lite markup to define a variety of styling options. The entire sign can be customized for padding, coloring, and size. Individual symbols within a sign can be customized for coloring and size. SignWriting 2010 is the modern implementation and international specification of the SignWriting Script for the internet community that includes TrueType Fonts and a compact JavaScript library. SignMaker is a standards based editor, utilizing HTML, CSS, JavaScript, SVG, TrueType Fonts, and PNG images. SignMaker can be used to create a private dictionary or to view dozens of sign language dictionaries derived from SignPuddle Online. For Unicode, there are several encodings possibilities. Formal SignWriting is UTF-8. The plane 15 encoding is isomorphic with Formal SignWriting strings, using 3 characters for each symbol, along with structural marker characters and number characters. The plane 16 encoding is focused on the symbols only, using 1 character for each symbol. The Unicode 8 specification uses 1 to 3 characters on plane 1 to name each symbol of the International SignWriting Alphabet 2010. Three appendices discuss additional topics to the standard. The first discusses the Modern SignWriting theory and example document, stable since January 12, 2012. The second discusses the symbol encoding of the International SignWriting Alphabet 2010. The third discusses the SignPuddle Standards: licences, infrastructure, and compatibility. This memo concretely defines a conceptual character encoding map for the Internet community. It is published for reference, examination, implementation, and evaluation. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Status of This Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 2] Internet-Draft SignWriting Text May 2016 This Internet-Draft will expire on November 10, 2016. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2016 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. Table of Contents 1. SignWriting Script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.1. 2-Dimensional Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.2. Punctuation and Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.3. Block Printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.4. Handwriting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2. Formal SignWriting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.1. Symbol Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.2. Coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.3. Spatial SignBox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.4. Temporal Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2.5. Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3. Query Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 3.1. Searching the Spatial Signbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 3.2. Searching the Temporal Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 3.3. Transformation to Regular Expression . . . . . . . . . . 23 4. Styling String . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 4.1. Styling the Entire Sign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 4.1.1. Colorize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 4.1.2. Padding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 4.1.3. Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 4.1.4. Detail Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 4.1.5. Zoom Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 4.2. Styling Individual Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 4.2.1. Detail Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 4.2.2. Zoom Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 5. SignWriting 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 5.1. Font Creation Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 5.2. TrueType Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 5.3. JavaScript Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 3] Internet-Draft SignWriting Text May 2016 5.4. SignMaker Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 6. Unicode Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 6.1. UTF-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 6.2. Private Use Area Plane 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 6.3. Private Use Area Plane 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 6.4. Unicode 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 7. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 8. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 9. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Appendix A. Modern SignWriting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Appendix B. International SignWriting Alphabet 2010 . . . . . . 35 B.1. Grapheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 B.2. Symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 B.3. Hierarchy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 B.4. Combined Character Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 B.5. Validity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Appendix C. SignPuddle Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 C.1. Licenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 C.2. Infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 C.2.1. SignPuddle Online . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 C.2.2. SignWriting Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 C.2.3. SignWriting Icon Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 C.2.4. Wikimedia Incubator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 C.3. Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 C.3.1. SignTyp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 C.3.2. SignWriter Studio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 C.3.3. DELEGS Online . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 C.3.4. SWift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 C.3.5. JSPad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 1. SignWriting Script The SignWriting Script is the universal and complete solution for written sign language. It has been applied to a wide and deep international community of sign languages including: American Sign Language, Arabian Sign Languages, Australian Sign Language, Bolivian Sign Language, Brazilian Sign Language, British Sign Language, Catalan Sign Language, Colombian Sign Language, Czech Sign Language, Danish Sign Language, Dutch Sign Language, Ethiopian Sign Language, Finnish Sign Language, Flemish Sign Language, French-Belgian Sign Language, French Sign Language, German Sign Language, Greek Sign Language, Irish Sign Language, Italian Sign Language, Japanese Sign Language, Malawi Sign Language, Malaysian Sign Language, Maltese Sign Language, Mexican Sign Language, Nepalese Sign Language, New Zealand Sign Language, Nicaraguan Sign Language, Norwegian Sign Language, Peruvian Sign Language, Philippines Sign Language, Polish Sign Language, Portugese Sign Language, Quebec Sign Language, South Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 4] Internet-Draft SignWriting Text May 2016 African Sign Language, Spanish Sign Language, Swedish Sign Language, Swiss Sign Language, Taiwanese Sign Language, and Tunisian Sign Language. Sign language is vastly different than spoken language. Instead of the sequential sounds of the voice, there is a 3 dimensional space with simultaneous action. The SignWriting Script creates 2-dimensional writing that is visually icon and full of featural information. This is true on the symbol level and on the sign level. A symbol represents phonemic information and is full of featural information to better understand the phonemes of the symbols. A sign is a 2-dimensional arrangement of symbols and is full of featural information to better understand the morphemes of the signs. The SignWriting Script is an international standard for writing sign languages by hand or with computers. From education to research, from entertainment to religion, SignWriting has proven useful because people are using it to write signed languages. Initially developed in 1974, the script was written exclusively by hand for 12 years. Since then the script has spread around the world and continues to be written on paper and chalkboard. In 1981, SignWriting Publishing rapidly evolved with Block Printing. In 1986, computerization of the SignWriting Block Printing began. The current symbol encoding of the ISWA 2010 has been stable since the font release on October 20th, 2010. The larger character encoding model has been stable since the initial release of Modern SignWriting on January 12th, 2012. The 2 families of the SignWriting Script are Handwriting for the writer and Block Printing for the reader. Block Printing uses more features and Handwriting often uses less. Block printing is used in education, publishing, and is the basis of the computerized model. 1.1. 2-Dimensional Signs A sign is a variably-size logographic word. It is a 2-dimensional combination of symbols inside of a signbox with a tight bounding box and an explicit center. The size of the signbox varies with the symbols written inside. Inside of a 2-dimensional signbox, the symbols are placed in a freeform, 2-dimensional arrangement. This feature of the script expresses spatial relation directly. Writing based on vision uses two viewpoints: receptive and expressive. The receptive viewpoint is based on the idea of Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 5] Internet-Draft SignWriting Text May 2016 receiving an image. For the receptive viewpoint, the right hand of a signer will be written on the left side of the signbox. When SignWriting is used for transcription, the receptive view is most often used. The related writing systems of DanceWriting and MovementWriting normally use the receptive viewpoint. The expressive viewpoint is based on the idea of expressing a concept. For the expressive viewpoint, the right hand of a signer will be written on the right side of the signbox. When SignWriting is used for authorship, the expressive view is most often used. The are two main writing planes: the front wall (Frontal Plane) and the floor (Transverse Plane). The choice of writing plane can affect the shape of the symbols, such as the fill pattern for the hand shape palms or the tail for the movement arrows. There are two perspectives: front and top. The front perspective is a straight on view of/from the signer. The top perspective is a top- down view of the signer. Usually, a sign will be written from a single perspective. 1.2. Punctuation and Text Logographic signs are mixed with punctuation to form text. Punctuation is a single symbol and separates a series of signs into structured sentences. A punctuation symbol is always used alone and should not be used in a sign. Line breaks should not occur before punctuation. When written vertically, SignWriting can use 3 different lanes: left, middle, and right. The middle lane is the default lane and punctuation is always used in the middle lane. No matter the lane, the center of a sign is aligned with the center of the lane. For body weight shifts to one side or the other, the center of the sign is aligned with a fixed horizontal offset from the middle lane into either the left or right lane. The left and right lanes are used to represent body weight shifts and are represented by a horizontal offset from the middle lane. Body weight shifts are important to the grammar of sign languages, used for two different grammatical aspects: 1) role shifting during sign language storytelling, and 2) spatial comparisons of two items under discussion. One "role" or "item" is placed on the right side of the body (right lane), and the other on the left side of the body (left lane), and the weight shifts back and forth between the two, with the narrator in the middle (middle lane). Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 6] Internet-Draft SignWriting Text May 2016 1.3. Block Printing Valerie Sutton writes, "SignWriting Printing is easy to read. It is designed for the reader. The Printing can be written by hand as well as by computer. If I am writing a letter to a friend in ASL, I write the letter in SignWriting Printing, taking the time to make sure that my handwritten-symbols are easy and clear to read. I try to write as clearly as if I were using a computer. Of course it is slower, but it is worth it, knowing that my friend will be able to read my letter!" With Block Printing, a sign is a cluster of several symbols arranged in 2-dimensions space. Each symbol has a definite appearance and understanding within an established symbol set. The exact form of each symbol is structured, standardized, and highly featural. Each symbol can have two aspects. The first is the line that defines the positive shape of the symbol. The second aspect is the fill (or negative space) of the symbol that is sometimes used inside the lines for palm facing, and inside some arrow heads and tails. Not every symbol has fill. Fill matters when symbols overlap. The negative space of the symbol on top will cover part of the symbol underneath. The Block Printing family is aimed at the needs of the reader and the publisher. The Block Printing family has been standardized with a fully developed model. 1.4. Handwriting Valerie Sutton writes, "SignWriting Handwriting is easier to write by hand, than the Printing. It is designed for the writer. There are several variations of Handwriting, and since most of the time, the writer is only writing for private notes, some writers create their own shortcuts that work just for them...and that is fine!" The purpose is not to recreate the iconic symbols of the International SignWriting Alphabet exactly by hand, but the purpose is to enable the writer to quickly write notes on paper or chalkboard. Handwriting often drops features of the SignWriting Script for efficiency and speed. If too many features are dropped, the writing may loose it's clarity over time as the writer is distanced from the writing. This is common for Shorthand. A popular form of SignWriting is cursive. It can be shared among a groups of writers or it can be individualized and personal. Cursive writing is designed to have fluid marks and a natural flow. Cursive writing may use fewer features than the iconic symbols, but the various marks should be related to the standardized symbols in Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 7] Internet-Draft SignWriting Text May 2016 appearance and meaning. Once developed, this style of writing is great for taking notes in a class. Shorthand is a skill of the proficient writer [SHORTHAND]. In 1982, Sign Language Stenographers could record sign language with SignWriting Shorthand at normal signing speed [STENOGRAPHY]. To develop this skill, practice and special training were required. The marks of SignWriting Shorthand are a personal style of quick and efficient strokes with a highly developed reception to what signifies meaning. The marks are personal reminders rather than a fully developed text. The shorthand in and of itself is often an incomplete representation of the gestures that were experienced. The shorthand writing can be thought of as a short-term memory device. Often shorthand notes must be revised and extended at a later time, the sooner the better. 2. Formal SignWriting According to Wikipedia, "In mathematics, computer science, and linguistics, a formal language is a set of strings of symbols that may be constrained by rules that are specific to it." [FORMAL] Formal SignWriting defines a formal language for the signed languages of the world. Any sign of any sign language can be written as a string of ASCII characters. Formal SignWriting is a heuristic model. The first prototypes were created in 2008. Through trial and error, the model was successively refactored to reduce the complexity and the computation cost of the implementations. The model has been optimized for common usage and processing. The final model has been stable since January 12th, 2012. The mathematical names of Formal SignWriting are plain text strings of characters. These names are described with regular expressions. Formal languages and regular expressions are used to solve fundamental problems. Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 8] Internet-Draft SignWriting Text May 2016 +------------+--------------------------+---------------------------+ | Characters | Description | Example | +------------+--------------------------+---------------------------+ | * | Match a literal 0 or | ABC* matches AB, ABC, | | | more times | ABCC, ... | +------------+--------------------------+---------------------------+ | + | Match a literal 1 or | ABC+ matches ABC, ABCC, | | | more times | ABCCC, ... | +------------+--------------------------+---------------------------+ | ? | Match a literal 0 or 1 | ABC? matches AB or ABC | | | times | | +------------+--------------------------+---------------------------+ | {#} | Match a literal "#" | AB{2} matches ABB | | | times | | +------------+--------------------------+---------------------------+ | [ ] | Match any single literal | [ABC] matches A, B, or C | | | from a list | | +------------+--------------------------+---------------------------+ | [ - ] | Match any single literal | [A-C] matches A, B, or C | | | in a range | | +------------+--------------------------+---------------------------+ | ( ) | Creates a group for | A(BC)+ matches ABC, | | | matching | ABCBC, ABCBCBC, ... | +------------+--------------------------+---------------------------+ | ( | ) | Matches one of several | (AB|BC|CD) will match AB, | | | alternatives | BC, or CD | +------------+--------------------------+---------------------------+ Regular Expression Basics Table 1 The Formal SignWriting encoding model makes explicit those features which can be effectively and efficiently processed. The mathematical names are structured with 11 different tokens. They can be grouped in 4 layers: the 5 structural makers (A, B, L, M, R), the 3 base symbol ranges (w, s, P), the 2 modifier indexes (i, o), and the numbers (n). Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 9] Internet-Draft SignWriting Text May 2016 +-------+-------------------------------+ | Token | Description | +-------+-------------------------------+ | A | Sequence Marker | +-------+-------------------------------+ | B | SignBox Marker | +-------+-------------------------------+ | L | Left Lane Marker | +-------+-------------------------------+ | M | Middle Lane Marker | +-------+-------------------------------+ | R | Right Lane Marker | +-------+-------------------------------+ | w | Writing BaseSymbols | +-------+-------------------------------+ | s | Detailed Location BaseSymbols | +-------+-------------------------------+ | P | Punctuation BaseSymbols | +-------+-------------------------------+ | i | Fill Modifiers | +-------+-------------------------------+ | o | Rotation Modifiers | +-------+-------------------------------+ | n | Number from 250 to 749 | +-------+-------------------------------+ The Tokens of Formal SignWriting Table 2 These tokens are used in patterns to form written sign language. The following token patterns fully describe SignWriting Text. 2.1. Symbol Keys Symbol keys can be described with 3 tokens: base symbol, fill modifier, and rotation modifier. Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 10] Internet-Draft SignWriting Text May 2016 +---------+---------------------------------------------------------+ | Token | Description | | Pattern | | +---------+---------------------------------------------------------+ | w | Writing BaseSymbols. | +---------+---------------------------------------------------------+ | s | Detailed Location BaseSymbols. | +---------+---------------------------------------------------------+ | P | Punctuation BaseSymbols. | +---------+---------------------------------------------------------+ | i | Fill Modifiers. | +---------+---------------------------------------------------------+ | o | Rotation Modifiers. | +---------+---------------------------------------------------------+ | wio | A writing symbol as 3 tokens of writing base, fill | | | modifier and rotation modifier. Writing symbols can be | | | used in the spatial SignBox or the temporal sequence. | +---------+---------------------------------------------------------+ | [ws]io | A writing symbol or a detailed location symbol as 3 | | | tokens of base, fill modifier, and rotation modifier. | | | Writing symbols and detail location symbols can be used | | | in the temporal sequence. | +---------+---------------------------------------------------------+ | Pio | A punctuation symbol as 3 tokens of punctuation base, | | | fill modifier, and rotation modifier. Punctuation | | | symbols divide signs into sentences. | +---------+---------------------------------------------------------+ Symbol Key Tokens Table 3 Symbol keys are 6 characters long. The first character of a symbol key is always "S". The next 3 characters identify the symbol base. The last two characters identify the fill and rotation modifiers respectively. Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 11] Internet-Draft SignWriting Text May 2016 +--------------------------------+-----------------------+ | Regular Expression | Description | +--------------------------------+-----------------------+ | S | Start of symbol key | +--------------------------------+-----------------------+ | [123][0-9a-f]{2} | Symbol key base | +--------------------------------+-----------------------+ | [0-5] | Fill modifier | +--------------------------------+-----------------------+ | [0-9a-f] | Rotation modifier | +--------------------------------+-----------------------+ | S[123][0-9a-f]{2}[0-5][0-9a-f] | Symbol key definition | +--------------------------------+-----------------------+ Symbol Key Definition Table 4 Symbol keys can be divided between several types. Each type has a starting and ending base value. Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 12] Internet-Draft SignWriting Text May 2016 +-------------+-------+-----+---------------------------------------+ | Type | Start | End | Description | +-------------+-------+-----+---------------------------------------+ | all symbols | 100 | 38b | All symbol keys occur in this range. | +-------------+-------+-----+---------------------------------------+ | writing | 100 | 37e | Symbols that can be used in the | | | | | spatial SignBox or the temporal | | | | | sequence. | +-------------+-------+-----+---------------------------------------+ | hand | 100 | 204 | Various handshapes | +-------------+-------+-----+---------------------------------------+ | movement | 205 | 2f6 | Contact symbols, small finger | | | | | movements, straight arrows, curved | | | | | arrows and circles. | +-------------+-------+-----+---------------------------------------+ | dynamic | 2f7 | 2fe | Dynamic symbols are used to give the | | | | | "feeling" or "tempo" to movement. | +-------------+-------+-----+---------------------------------------+ | head | 2ff | 36c | Symbols for the head and face. | +-------------+-------+-----+---------------------------------------+ | hcenter | 2ff | 36c | Used to determine the horizontal | | | | | center of a sign. Same as the head | | | | | type. | +-------------+-------+-----+---------------------------------------+ | vcenter | 2ff | 375 | Use to determine the vertical center | | | | | of a sign. Includes the head and | | | | | trunk types. | +-------------+-------+-----+---------------------------------------+ | trunk | 36d | 375 | Symbols for torso movement, | | | | | shoulders, and hips. | +-------------+-------+-----+---------------------------------------+ | limb | 376 | 37e | Symbols for limbs and fingers. | +-------------+-------+-----+---------------------------------------+ | location | 37f | 386 | Details location symbols can only be | | | | | used in the temporal sequence. | +-------------+-------+-----+---------------------------------------+ | punctuation | 387 | 38b | Punctual symbols are used to divide | | | | | signs into sentences. | +-------------+-------+-----+---------------------------------------+ Symbol Key Type and Ranges Table 5 Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 13] Internet-Draft SignWriting Text May 2016 2.2. Coordinates Coordinates can be described with 2 tokens: number and number. These numbers represent the X and Y coordinates respectively. The number characters encode the ruler principle with characters. The ruler principle is built in automatically for scripts written sequentially in one dimension. The number characters are needed to specify the spatial relationship between symbols. +----------------+---------------------------------------------+ | Token Patterns | Description | +----------------+---------------------------------------------+ | n | Number from 250 to 749 | +----------------+---------------------------------------------+ | nn | Coordinate with X and Y values as 2 numbers | +----------------+---------------------------------------------+ Coordinate Tokens Table 6 There are 2 definitions for a coordinate. The more general definition simply defines 3 numbers followed by an "x" followed by 3 more numbers. The more explicit definition correctly restricts the number range from 250 to 749. The general coordinate definition is adequate for processing. General 3 digit number definition: [0-9]{3} General coordinate definition: [0-9]{3}x[0-9]{3} Explicit number definition from 250 to 749: (2[5-9][0-9]|[3-6][0-9]{2}|7[0-4][0-9]) Explicit coordinate definition: (2[5-9][0-9]|[3-6][0-9]{2}|7[0-4][0- 9])x(2[5-9][0-9]|[3-6][0-9]{2}|7[0-4][0-9]) 2.3. Spatial SignBox The visual image of a logographic sign is a 2-dimension arrangement of symbols inside of a signbox. Each signbox has a defined width, height, and 2-dimensional center that can be calculated from the plain text. Each logographic sign exists on its own 2-dimensional signbox. Each point on the signbox is identified with an X and a Y coordinate. Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 14] Internet-Draft SignWriting Text May 2016 Each signbox has a defined center. Formal numbers range from 250 to 749. Informal number have no limit. Y Axis | 250 | | | | | X Axis | -----------+------------ 250 | 749 | | | | | | 749 Symbols are placed on the signbox with coordinates that represent the top-left of the symbol image. Symbol images may overlap. The Spatial SignBox can be described with 8 tokens. Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 15] Internet-Draft SignWriting Text May 2016 +-----------------+-------------------------------------------------+ | Token Pattern | Description | +-----------------+-------------------------------------------------+ | B | SignBox Marker | +-----------------+-------------------------------------------------+ | L | Left Lane Marker | +-----------------+-------------------------------------------------+ | M | Middle Lane Marker | +-----------------+-------------------------------------------------+ | R | Right Lane Marker | +-----------------+-------------------------------------------------+ | w | Writing BaseSymbols | +-----------------+-------------------------------------------------+ | i | Fill Modifiers | +-----------------+-------------------------------------------------+ | o | Rotation Modifiers | +-----------------+-------------------------------------------------+ | n | Number from 250 to 749 | +-----------------+-------------------------------------------------+ | wio | A writing symbol as 3 tokens of writing base, | | | fill modifier and rotation modifier | +-----------------+-------------------------------------------------+ | nn | Coordinate with X and Y values as 2 numbers | +-----------------+-------------------------------------------------+ | wionn | A spatial symbol as 5 tokens, with 3 tokens for | | | a writing symbol and 2 tokens for coordinates | | | of top left placement | +-----------------+-------------------------------------------------+ | (wionn)* | Zero or more spatial symbols | +-----------------+-------------------------------------------------+ | Bnn(wionn)* | A signbox with a preprocessed maximum | | | coordinate and a list of spatial symbols used | | | for horizontal writing | +-----------------+-------------------------------------------------+ | [LMR] | A lane marker: either left, middle or right. | +-----------------+-------------------------------------------------+ | [LMR]nn(wionn)* | A signbox in either the left, middle, or right | | | lane with a preprocessed maximum coordinate and | | | a list of spatial symbols used for vertical | | | writing | +-----------------+-------------------------------------------------+ Spatial SignBox Tokens Table 7 The Spatial SignBox is assigned to a lane, has a preprocessed maximum coordinate and zero or more writing symbols with X and Y coordinates. Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 16] Internet-Draft SignWriting Text May 2016 Symbol key definition: S[123][0-9a-f]{2}[0-5][0-9a-f] Coordinate definition: [0-9]{3}x[0-9]{3} SignBox definition: [BLMR]([0-9]{3}x[0-9]{3})(S[123][0-9a- f]{2}[0-5][0-9a-f][0-9]{3}x[0-9]{3})* 2-dimensional space does not have a normative 1-dimensional order. When symbols overlap, the relative order of the overlapping symbols is important. Otherwise, the exact string order of the spatial symbols is unpredictable. 2.4. Temporal Sequence Signs are written in 2-dimensional space which does not have a normative 1-dimensional order. Any 1-dimensional order of 2-dimensional space is subjective. Some 1-dimensional orders may be canonical according to a particular theory, but there are a variety of theories on setting a 1-dimensional order. The temporal sequence describes a 1-dimensional order that is separate from the spatial SignBox, rather than ordering the 2-dimensional space directly. The temporal sequence is written as an optional prefix to a spatial SignBox. The temporal sequence will use the same symbols that are used in the spatial SignBox, but it does not need to use all of them and it is not limited to only those symbols. The temporal sequence is a list of writing symbols and/or detailed location symbols that identify temporal order and additional analysis. A valid sequence must contain at least one symbol and can not contain punctuation. The temporal sequence allows for sorting that is universally supported through binary string comparison. There are several theories on the best way to structure a temporal sequence. The most productive is based on the SignSpelling Sequence theory of Valerie Sutton. A temporal sequence is structured as a series of starting handshapes followed by optional movements, transitional handshapes, movement, and end handshapes. Only symbols of type "hand" and "movement" should be used in this first section. The last section of the temporal sequence should contain symbols of of type "dynamic", "head", "trunk", and "limb". Detailed location symbols of type "location" can be used in a temporal sequence, but are rarely (if ever) needed for general writing. A temporal sequence can be described with 5 tokens. Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 17] Internet-Draft SignWriting Text May 2016 +---------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | Token | Description | | Patterns | | +---------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | A | Sequence Marker | +---------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | w | Writing BaseSymbols | +---------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | s | Detailed Location BaseSymbols | +---------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | i | Fill Modifiers | +---------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | o | Rotation Modifiers | +---------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | (A([ws]io)+)? | An optional temporal sequence to be used as a | | | prefix for a SignBox | +---------------+---------------------------------------------------+ Temporal Sequence Tokens Table 8 The temporal prefix starts with a sequence marker and includes an ordered list of writing symbols and detailed locations. +---------------------------------------+---------------------------+ | Regular Expression | Description | +---------------------------------------+---------------------------+ | (A(S[123][0-9a-f]{2}[0-5][0-9a-f])+)? | An optional temporal | | | sequence as a sequence | | | marker followed by one or | | | more symbols. | +---------------------------------------+---------------------------+ Temporal Sequence Definition Table 9 2.5. Sentences General signs are written as a spatial SignBox of symbols in 2-dimensional space. Sortable signs include a temporal sequence as a 1-dimensional prefix to the spatial SignBox. Signs are mixed with punctuation to form text. Punctuation is a single symbol and separates a series of signs into structured sentences. A punctuation symbol is always used alone and should not be used in a sign. Line breaks should not occur before punctuation. Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 18] Internet-Draft SignWriting Text May 2016 When written vertically, SignWriting can use 3 different lanes: left, middle, and right. The middle lane is the default lane and punctuation is always used in the middle lane. No matter the lane, the center of a sign is aligned with the center of the lane. For body weight shifts to one side or the other, the center of the sign is aligned with a fixed horizontal offset from the middle lane into either the left or right lane. The left and right lanes are used to represent body weight shifts and are represented by a horizontal offset from the middle lane. Body weight shifts are important to the grammar of sign languages, used for two different grammatical aspects: 1) role shifting during sign language storytelling, and 2) spatial comparisons of two items under discussion. One "role" or "item" is placed on the right side of the body (right lane), and the other on the left side of the body (left lane), and the weight shifts back and forth between the two, with the narrator in the middle (middle lane). +-----------------------------------------+-------------------------+ | Regular Expression | Description | +-----------------------------------------+-------------------------+ | Pionn | a punctuation symbol as | | | a punctuation base | | | symbol with a | | | preprocessed minimum | | | coordinate | +-----------------------------------------+-------------------------+ | (((A([ws]io)+)?Bnn(wionn)*)|Pionn)+ | a sign text for | | | horizontal writing as a | | | string of signboxes | | | (with optional | | | prefixes) and | | | punctuation | +-----------------------------------------+-------------------------+ | (((A([ws]io)+)?[LMR]nn(wionn)*)|Pionn)+ | a sign text for | | | vertical writing as a | | | string of signboxes in | | | lanes (with optional | | | prefixes) and | | | punctuation | +-----------------------------------------+-------------------------+ Sentence Token Patterns Table 10 Sentences mix signs with punctuation to form text. Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 19] Internet-Draft SignWriting Text May 2016 Punctuation definition: S38[7-9ab][0-5][0-9a-f][0-9]{3}x[0-9]{3} Formal SignWriting text definition: ((A(S[123][0-9a-f]{2}[0-5][0-9a- f])+)?[BLMR]([0-9]{3}x[0-9]{3})(S[123][0-9a-f]{2}[0-5][0-9a- f][0-9]{3}x[0-9]{3})*|S38[7-9ab][0-5][0-9a-f][0-9]{3}x[0-9]{3})( (A(S[123][0-9a-f]{2}[0-5][0-9a- f])+)?[BLMR]([0-9]{3}x[0-9]{3})(S[123][0-9a-f]{2}[0-5][0-9a- f][0-9]{3}x[0-9]{3})*| S38[7-9ab][0-5][0-9a-f][0-9]{3}x[0-9]{3})* 3. Query Language The query language is a lite ASCII markup similar to Formal SignWriting. Any Formal SignWriting string can easily be converted into several different query string, depending on the search parameters. The query string is a concise representation for a much larger and detailed set of regular expressions. The regular expressions can be used to quickly and accurately search large files and databases containing Formal SignWriting. A filter and repeat pattern of searching is used as a series of match criteria. A file, database, or text input is searched using a sequence of steps. Each step applies a single match criteria. Matching results are collated and the next search criteria is applied. The pattern of searching the previous results continues until all regular expressions have been used. There are two main sections of a query string. The first searches the spatial signbox. The second searches the temporal sequence. Both sections use the same definition for a symbol or a range. The symbol search can match an exact symbol, or a set of related symbols. For the fill and rotation modifiers, the "u" character is a wildcard. The "u" stands for unknown and will match all values rather than a specific character. The range search can match a range of base symbols. The base symbol range consists of 2 values: the starting base symbol and the ending base symbol. Every symbol between these 2 base symbols will be matched. Symbol Search: S[123][0-9a-f]{2}[0-5u][0-9a-fu] Range Search: R[123][0-9a-f]{2}t[123][0-9a-f]{2} The full query string definition allows for the possibility of searching the temporal sequence and the spatial signbox at the same time. Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 20] Internet-Draft SignWriting Text May 2016 Query String: Q((A(S[123][0-9a-f]{2}[0-5u][0-9a-fu]|R[123][0-9a- f]{2}t[123][0-9a-f]{2})+)?T)?(S[123][0-9a-f]{2}[0-5u][0-9a- fu]([0-9]{3}x[0-9]{3})?|R[123][0-9a-f]{2}t[123][0-9a- f]{2}([0-9]{3}x[0-9]{3})?)*(V[0-9]+)? 3.1. Searching the Spatial Signbox The spatial signbox is a list of symbols with 2-dimensional placement. The query "Q" will find all signs regardless of the symbols used or their placement. It is possible to specify one or more symbols (or ranges of symbols) that must be included in the signbox to indicate a match. The order of the symbols is not important. Each symbol (or range) can include an optional coordinate. The coordinate is a restriction on the match, such that a symbol must be used within a certain variance of the coordinate to qualify as a match. The variance is a number value, 0 or greater with a default value of 20. A variance of 0 will only find symbols used at an exact coordinate. A variance of 5 will match the symbols used at a coordinate, plus or minus 5 for both X and Y numbers. Symbol Search with Optional Coordinate: S[123][0-9a-f]{2}[0-5u][0- 9a-fu]([0-9]{3}x[0-9]{3})? Range Search with Optional Coordinate: R[123][0-9a-f]{2}t[123][0-9a- f]{2}([0-9]{3}x[0-9]{3})? Variance: (V[0-9]+)? Spatial Signbox Search Query: Q(S[123][0-9a-f]{2}[0-5u][0-9a- fu]([0-9]{3}x[0-9]{3})?|R[123][0-9a-f]{2}t[123][0-9a- f]{2}([0-9]{3}x[0-9]{3})?)*(V[0-9]+)? Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 21] Internet-Draft SignWriting Text May 2016 +------------------+------------------------------------------------+ | Query | Description | +------------------+------------------------------------------------+ | Q | All signs | +------------------+------------------------------------------------+ | QS100uu | Signs with the index handshape in the spatial | | | order | +------------------+------------------------------------------------+ | QS100uu480x480 | Signs with the index handshape in the spatial | | | order used near coordinate (480,480) | +------------------+------------------------------------------------+ | QS100uu480x480V0 | Signs with the index handshape in the spatial | | | order used at the exact coordinate (480,480) | +------------------+------------------------------------------------+ | QS100uuR2fft36c | Signs with the index handshape and a symbol | | | from the head & face range | +------------------+------------------------------------------------+ Spatial Signbox Query Examples Table 11 3.2. Searching the Temporal Sequence The temporal sequence is a list of symbol keys. The query "QT" will find all signs that include a temporal sequence. It is possible to specify the start of the temporal sequence by identifying a series of symbols and/or ranges. The query will start with an "QA" and end with a "T", such as "QA...T". Between the "QA" and "T", a series of symbol searches and/or range searches will specify the desired start of the temporal sequence. The order of the symbols and ranges is important. Temporal Sequence Search Query: Q((A(S[123][0-9a-f]{2}[0-5u][0-9a- fu]|R[123][0-9a-f]{2}t[123][0-9a-f]{2})+)?T)? Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 22] Internet-Draft SignWriting Text May 2016 +-------------------------+-----------------------------------------+ | Query | Description | +-------------------------+-----------------------------------------+ | QT | All signs that include the temporal | | | sequence | +-------------------------+-----------------------------------------+ | QAS100uuT | Signs with a temporal sequence that | | | starts with the index handshape | +-------------------------+-----------------------------------------+ | QAS100uuR100t204S20500T | Signs with a temporal sequence that | | | starts with the index handshape, | | | followed by any handshape, followed by | | | the single contact | +-------------------------+-----------------------------------------+ Temporal Sequence Query Examples Table 12 3.3. Transformation to Regular Expression The conversion from query string to regular expressions has been fully implemented in the SignWriting 2010 JavaScript Library, the SignWriting Server, and the SignWriting Icon Server. The query language to regular expressions generator uses the following regular expression structures as building blocks. Temporal Sequence Prefix: (A(S[123][0-9a-f]{2}[0-5][0-9a-f])+) SignBox Prefix: [BLMR]([0-9]{3}x[0-9]{3}) Spatial Symbols: (S[123][0-9a-f]{2}[0-5][0-9a-f][0-9]{3}x[0-9]{3})* The Temporal Sequence Prefix is a structural marker followed by one or more symbols. For the query string "QT", the prefix is required. For the general "Q", the prefix is optional so "?" is appended to the Temporal Sequence Prefix regular expression. The SignBox Prefix is a combination of structural marker and preprocessed maximum coordinate. Every constructed regular expression will include the SignBox Prefix. The Spatial Symbols is zero or more symbol definitions and associated coordinates. The Spatial Symbols regular expression is used for every search. For both "Q" and "QT", it is the only symbol matching used. When searching for specific symbols and ranges, the general Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 23] Internet-Draft SignWriting Text May 2016 Spatial Symbols definition will sandwich the specific search definitions. Searching for number ranges with regular expressions requires a unique technique. This technique was described to the LinkedIn Regular Expression Experts at the end of 2011 [DIGIT_SEARCH]. Searching for number ranges in hexadecimal with regular expressions is slightly more complicated but uses the same solution. 4. Styling String The styling string of Formal SignWriting uses a lite markup to define a variety of styling options. The entire sign can be customized for padding, coloring, and size. Individual symbols within a sign can be customized for coloring and size. Colors can be written as CSS color names or as color hex values. CSS Color Names: [a-zA-Z]+ Color Hex Values: [0-9a-fA-F]{3}([0-9a-fA-F]{3})? The styling string is divided into 2 sections: one for the entire sign and one for individual symbols. The styling string starts with a single dash, after which is the section about the entire sign. A second dash, if present, marks the start of the section about the individual symbols. Sign section only: -(sign) Symbol section only: --(symbols) Both sections: -(sign)-(symbols) The full styling string definition allows for the possibility of styling the entire sign and individual symbols at the same time. The order of the styling options is important. Query String: -C?(P[0-9]{2})?(G_([0-9a-fA-F]{3}([0-9a-fA-F]{3})?|[a- zA-Z]+)_)?(D_([0-9a-fA-F]{3}([0-9a-fA-F]{3})?|[a-zA-Z]+)(,([0-9a- fA-F]{3}([0-9a-fA-F]{3})?|[a-zA- Z]+))?_)?(Z([0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?|x))?(-(D[0-9]{2}_([0-9a-fA-F]{3}([0- 9a-fA-F]{3})?|[a-zA-Z]+)(,([0-9a-fA-F]{3}([0-9a-fA-F]{3})?|[a-zA- Z]+))?_)*(Z[0-9]{2},[0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?(,[0-9]{3}x[0-9]{3})?)*)? Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 24] Internet-Draft SignWriting Text May 2016 4.1. Styling the Entire Sign There are several options for styling an entire sign. C Colorize P Padding G Background D Detail colors Z Zoom level 4.1.1. Colorize Colorizing a sign will set the color of each symbol based on its classification. Hand 0000CC Movement CC0000 Dynamic FF0099 Head 006600 Body 000000 Detailed Location 884411 Punctuation FF9900 +----------------+----------------------------------+ | Styling String | Description | +----------------+----------------------------------+ | -C | Colorize the symbols of the sign | +----------------+----------------------------------+ Table 13 4.1.2. Padding Padding is applied around the entire sign. A two-digit number is used to set the padding. Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 25] Internet-Draft SignWriting Text May 2016 +----------------+--------------------------------+ | Styling String | Description | +----------------+--------------------------------+ | -P01 | A padding of 1 around the sign | +----------------+--------------------------------+ Table 14 4.1.3. Background By default, the background of a sign is transparent. The background color can be set with a CSS color name or with a color hex value. The color name or value must be surrounded by underscores. +----------------+-----------------------------------+ | Styling String | Description | +----------------+-----------------------------------+ | -G_lightblue_ | Background color of light blue. | +----------------+-----------------------------------+ | -G_f00_ | Background color as 3 hex values. | +----------------+-----------------------------------+ | -G_ff0000_ | Background color as 6 hex values. | +----------------+-----------------------------------+ Table 15 4.1.4. Detail Colors By default, each symbol has a line color of black and a fill color of white. The line color for all of the symbols can be set with a CSS color name or with a color hex value. The color name or value must be surrounded by underscores. Setting the fill color is optional. To set the fill color, put a comma and the fill color after the line color but before the closing underscore. +----------------+------------------------------------------------+ | Styling String | Description | +----------------+------------------------------------------------+ | -D_red_ | Line color of red. | +----------------+------------------------------------------------+ | -D_red,yellow_ | Line color of red with a fill color of yellow. | +----------------+------------------------------------------------+ Table 16 Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 26] Internet-Draft SignWriting Text May 2016 4.1.5. Zoom Level By default, a sign is set to zoom level 1. The zoom level can be set with an integer or a decimal number. Alternatively, the zoom level can be set to lower-case 'x', for extendable. The SVG created will not specify the width or height, so that the sign image will fill whatever container it is placed inside. +----------------+--------------------------+ | Styling String | Description | +----------------+--------------------------+ | -Z2 | Zoom level of 2 | +----------------+--------------------------+ | -Z15.7 | Zoom level of 15.7 | +----------------+--------------------------+ | -Zx | Zoom level of extendable | +----------------+--------------------------+ Table 17 4.2. Styling Individual Symbols There are two options for styling individual symbols. Individual symbols are identified by a two-digit number, which identifies the order the symbol appears in the SignBox. D Detail colors Z Zoom level 4.2.1. Detail Colors By default, each symbol has a line color of black and a fill color of white. The line color for an individual symbol can be set with a CSS color name or with a color hex value. The color name or value must be surrounded by underscores. Setting the fill color is optional. To set the fill color, put a comma and the fill color after the line color but before the closing underscore. Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 27] Internet-Draft SignWriting Text May 2016 +----------------------+--------------------------------------------+ | Styling String | Description | +----------------------+--------------------------------------------+ | --D01_red_ | First symbol line color of red. | +----------------------+--------------------------------------------+ | --D01_red,yellow_ | First symbol line color of red with a fill | | | color of yellow. | +----------------------+--------------------------------------------+ | --D01_red_D02_green_ | First symbol line color of red and second | | | symbol line color of green. | +----------------------+--------------------------------------------+ Table 18 4.2.2. Zoom Level By default, each symbol is set to zoom level 1. The zoom level of individual symbols can be set with an integer or a decimal number. Additionally, an offset coordinate can be specified with an individual symbol's zoom level. The offset coordinate of 500x500 is considered no offset for either the x or y value. +------------------+------------------------------------------------+ | Styling String | Description | +------------------+------------------------------------------------+ | -Z03,2 | Third symbol zoom level of 2 | +------------------+------------------------------------------------+ | -Z04,15.7 | Fourth symbol zoom level of 15.7 | +------------------+------------------------------------------------+ | -Z04,1.5,480x500 | Fourth symbol zoom level of 1.5 with a -20 | | | offset applied to the X value of the symbol's | | | placement coordinate. | +------------------+------------------------------------------------+ Table 19 5. SignWriting 2010 SignWriting 2010 is the modern implementation and international specification of the SignWriting script for the internet community that includes TrueType Fonts and a compact JavaScript library. 5.1. Font Creation Tools The SignWriting 2010 Tools [SW10_TOOLS] is a collection of text files and python scripts used to build TrueType fonts using FontForge. The source SVG are available in the SignWriting 2010 Fonts project. Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 28] Internet-Draft SignWriting Text May 2016 5.2. TrueType Fonts The SignWriting 2010 Fonts [SW10_FONTS] are available for download in SVG format and TrueType fonts. The TrueType fonts can be installed on Windows, Linux, Mac, and iOS. Font installation for Android is not currently supported because the fonts can not be installed due to OS limitations. Rather than installing the fonts, it is possible to use a font-face statement in CSS to conditionally load the fonts when needed. @font-face { font-family: "SignWriting 2010"; src: local('SignWriting 2010'), local('SignWriting_2010'), url('https://cdn.rawgit.com/Slevinski/signwriting_2010_fonts/\ master/fonts/SignWriting%202010.ttf') format('truetype'); } @font-face { font-family: "SignWriting 2010 Filling"; src: local('SignWriting 2010 Filling'), local('SignWriting_2010_Filling'), url('https://cdn.rawgit.com/Slevinski/signwriting_2010_fonts/\ master/fonts/SignWriting%202010%20Filling.ttf') format('truetype'); } The fonts have been tailored for the SignWriting 2010 JavaScript library. 5.3. JavaScript Library The SignWriting 2010 JavaScript Library [SW10_JS] provides support for SignWriting images and queries. It leverages the TrueType fonts without any additional requirements. The SignWriting 2010 JavaScript library is contained in a single file and can be included in any HTML page or JavaScript environment. The library includes a guide, API documentation, and a testing suite. 5.4. SignMaker Editor SignMaker [SIGNMAKER] is a standards based editor, utilizing HTML, CSS, JavaScript, SVG, TrueType Fonts, and PNG images. SignMaker is browser based without the need for a server connection. It can be used online or it can be downloaded [SM_DOWNLOAD] and run directly from the user's computer. Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 29] Internet-Draft SignWriting Text May 2016 The primary online website on SignBank [SM_SIGNBANK] can be used to create a private dictionary in the browser's LocalStorage or view dozens of sign language dictionaries from around the world. The secondary online website on GitHub.io [SM_GITHUB] can be used to create a private dictionary in the browser's LocalStorage. 6. Unicode Integration SignWriting Text is integrated with Unicode in a varieties of ways. The TrueType fonts of SignWriting 2010 are compatible with each of the varieties. 6.1. UTF-8 Formal SignWriting is based on ASCII, so it can be supported anywhere ASCII is supported. ASCII is a subset of UTF-8, with a one-to-one character correspondence. Anywhere UTF-8 is supported, the size of the Formal SignWriting strings is equal to the ASCII encoding of 8 bits per character. With UTF-32, the size of the string is 4 times that of the ASCII encoding, requiring 32 bits for each character. The Formal SignWriting strings have an equivalent encoding on plane 15 of the Private Use Area. 6.2. Private Use Area Plane 15 The x-Character-SignWriting coded character set is isomorphic with Formal SignWriting strings. Instead of ASCII characters, x- Character-SignWriting uses code points on Plane 15 of Unicode. Symbols are defined using 3 characters. Structural markers are defined using 1 character each. Number characters are defined using 1 character each. Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 30] Internet-Draft SignWriting Text May 2016 +--------------------+--------------------+-------------------------+ | Description | Formal SignWriting | x-Character-SignWriting | +--------------------+--------------------+-------------------------+ | Sequence Marker | A | U+FD800 | +--------------------+--------------------+-------------------------+ | SignBox Markers | B, L, M, R | U+FD801 to U+FD804 | +--------------------+--------------------+-------------------------+ | Fill Modifiers | 0 to 5 | U+FD810 to U+FD815 | +--------------------+--------------------+-------------------------+ | Rotation Modifiers | 0 to 9 and a to f | U+FD820 to U+FD82F | +--------------------+--------------------+-------------------------+ | Symbol Base | S100 to S38b | U+FD830 to U+FDABB | +--------------------+--------------------+-------------------------+ | Numbers | 250 to 749 | U+FDE06 to U+FDFF9 | +--------------------+--------------------+-------------------------+ x-Character-SignWriting Definition Table 20 6.3. Private Use Area Plane 16 The x-ISWA-2010 is a 16-bit coded character set that has a unique codepoint for each symbol of the ISWA 2010. The coded character set can be mapped to plane 16 by adding value U+100000 to any codepoint. A simple formula transforms a symbol key into a codepoint. Given a symbol key as variable "key", in JavaScript the function is defined as: var code = ((parseInt(key.slice(1,4),16) - 256) * 96) + ((parseInt(key.slice(4,5),16))*16) + parseInt(key.slice(5,6),16) + 1; 6.4. Unicode 8 The symbols of the International SignWriting Alphabet 2010 have been approved for Unicode 8 [UNICODE8]. Every symbol of the ISWA 2010 can be described with 1 to 3 characters. Due to the variable size of the symbol description, both sorting and searching have been compromised. These issues, and others, have been reported to the Unicode Consortium. During UTC #144 [UTC_144], SignWriting was discussed at length, but the issues are unresolved [UNICODE8_ISSUES]. Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 31] Internet-Draft SignWriting Text May 2016 A special design document [SW_DESIGN] was prepared for UTC #144 action item 144-A33 that shows three SignWriting examples and describes the three different representations for each example. 7. IANA Considerations This section provides guidance to the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) regarding registration of values related to the code spaces of the Center for Sutton Movement Writing, in accordance with [RFC2978]. protocol, in accordance with BCP 26, [RFC2434]. See IANA: http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2978.txt Conforms with RFC 2040. There are two name spaces for the Center for Sutton Movement Writing that require definition and extension: x-ISWA-2010 and x-Character- SignWriting SignWriting Text is an international standard with several coded character sets. These sets may require additional hand and mouth shapes. The following terms are used here with the meanings defined in BCP 26: "name space", "assigned value", "registration". The following policies are used here with the meanings defined in BCP 26: "Private Use", "First Come First Served", "Expert Review", "Specification Required", "IETF Consensus", "Standards Action". 8. Security Considerations None. 9. References [CODING_SYSTEM] Butler, C. and R. Channon, "Transcription systems as input to coding systems: SignWriting & SignTyp", . [DELEGS] "DELEGS Editor", . [DIGIT_SEARCH] Slevinski, S., "3 Digit Number Searching", . Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 32] Internet-Draft SignWriting Text May 2016 [FEATURES] Hulst, H. and R. Channon, "Why dynamic features?", . [FORMAL] "Formal Language on Wikipedia", . [ISWA_FONT] Slevinski, S., "International SignWriting Alphabet 2010 Font Reference", . [ISWA_REF] Slevinski, S., "International SignWriting Alphabet 2010 HTML Reference", . [JSPAD] "JSPad", . [MSW] Slevinski, S., "Modern SignWriting", . [NOTATION] Hulst, H. and R. Channon, "Notation Systems", . [SHORTHAND] Sutton, V., "SignWriting Shorthand", . [SIGNMAKER] Slevinski, S., "SignMaker Editor", . [SM_DOWNLOAD] Slevinski, S., "SignMaker Download Link", . [SM_GITHUB] "SignMaker on GitHub.io", . [SM_SIGNBANK] "SignMaker on SignBank", . Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 33] Internet-Draft SignWriting Text May 2016 [SP_ONLINE] "SignPuddle Online", . [SPML] "SignPuddle Markup Language Source Files", . [STENOGRAPHY] Sutton, V., "Sign Language Stenography", . [STUDIO] "SignWriter Studio", . [SW10_FONTS] Slevinski, S., "SignWriting 2010 Fonts", . [SW10_JS] Slevinski, S., "SignWriting 2010 JavaScript Library", . [SW10_TOOLS] Slevinski, S., "SignWriting 2010 Tools", . [SW_DESIGN] Slevinski, S., Anderson, D., and K. Whistler, "SignWriting Design, With Three Examples and Their Representation", . [SWIFT] "SignWriting improved fast transcriber", . [SWIS] Slevinski, S., "SignWriting Icon Server source", . [SWIS_LABS] "SignWriting Icon Server on Wikimedia Labs", . [SWSERVER] Slevinski, S., "SignWriting Server source", . [SWSERVER_LABS] "SignWriting Server on Wikimedia Labs", . Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 34] Internet-Draft SignWriting Text May 2016 [SWSERVER_SIGNPUDDLE] "SignWriting Server on SignPuddle.net", . [UNICODE8] "Unicode 8", . [UNICODE8_ISSUES] Slevinski, S., "Issues with SignWriting in Unicode 8", . [UTC_144] "Minutes of UTC Meeting 144", . Appendix A. Modern SignWriting This Internet Draft is in complete agreement with the theory and example workbook released on January 12th, 2012 called Modern SignWriting [MSW]. Modern SignWriting has example text and concretely defines the processes available. It fully documented the text encoding with regular expressions. The Formal SignWriting strings are exactly the same as they appear in the Modern SignWriting document. The query language is nearly the same, with a compatible improvement for searching the temporal sequence. Appendix B. International SignWriting Alphabet 2010 The International SignWriting Alphabet 2010 [ISWA_REF] is a collection of visually iconic symbols that exists in a layered hierarchy (Appendix B.3). The ISWA 2010 is a product of the collaboration between SignWriting inventor, Valerie Sutton, and SignWriting encoder Stephen E Slevinski Jr. Special thanks to Adam Frost's excellent work on the SVG refinement and more. The ISWA 2010 fonts [ISWA_FONT] have been stable since their initial release on October 20th, 2010. Valerie Sutton o hand crafted and organized 30K plus individual glyphs o created a 2 dimension PNG of 3 colors for each o named each individual glyph with 6 degrees of significance Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 35] Internet-Draft SignWriting Text May 2016 o font name: ISWA 2010 Sutton Steve Slevinski o counted and numbered the glyphs o created mathematical names o analyzed PNGs for line and fill o refactored glyphs - font name: ISWA 2010 PNG Standard o extended glyphs - font names: ISWA 2010 PNG Inverse, Shadow, Colorized o traced glyphs - font names: ISWA 2010 SVG Line Trace, Shaddow Trace, Smooth, and Angular o refactored and extended Adam's SVG work - font name: ISWA 2010 SVG Refinement Adam Frost o manually traced each and every glyph that could not be automatically rotated o font name: ISWA 2010 SVG Refinement o physically performed and photographed every hand shape o font name: ISWA 2010 Hand Photo o consulted with Valerie in places of ambiguity B.1. Grapheme The grapheme is the fundamental unit of writing for the SignWriting script. Many graphemes of SignWriting are visually iconic. The main writing graphemes of SignWriting represent a visual conception: either hands, movement, dynamics, timing, head, face, trunk, or limb. The body concept is a combination of trunk and limb. The specific size and shape of each grapheme is designed to balance and complement other graphemes. The writing graphemes are extensive and specifically organized for written sign language and sign gestures. The writing graphemes do not include the specific graphemes of DanceWriting or the general graphemes of MovementWriting. Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 36] Internet-Draft SignWriting Text May 2016 The writing graphemes are used in clusters. A cluster is a spatial grouping of graphemes written as a single unit. The graphemes can overlap and obscure graphemes underneath. A cluster can represents a sign of a sign language or a visual performance of a sign gesture. Detailed location graphemes are separate from the main writing graphemes. Detailed location graphemes are used individually or sequentially. They represent isolated analysis that is written outside the cluster. Punctuation graphemes are used when writing sentences. They are used individually, between clusters. When written by hand, lines are drawn to form each grapheme. Different styles draw different types of lines: either for personal taste, speed, or quality. The main types of handwriting are formal, cursive, and shorthand. Formal handwriting, equivalent to block printing, includes defined lines for all grapheme features, specific palm facings for hand shapes, and detailed arrow heads and tails. Cursive handwriting is more fluid and less detailed. Handwriting for personal use can omit palm facings, generalize arrows, and other liberties of personal consumption. Shorthand is a further reduction of detail, written for speed. Shorthand is a memory aid to a written record and should be rewritten soon after the notes were taken. Understanding the ratios of size and shape for the graphemes improves hand writing. SignWriting was an exclusively handwritten script for 7 years before publishing formalized the Block Printing model. B.2. Symbol There are 37,811 symbols, each with a unique ID. A symbol ID is a sequence of six formatted numbers of increasing detail. The first dashed number defines the category (11). The first two dashed numbers define the group (11-22). The first four dashed numbers define a base (11-22-333-44). The fifth number represents the fill (55). The sixth number represents the rotation (66). A symbol ID is a combination of base ID with a valid fill and a valid rotation. A symbol ID has the format "nn-nn-nnn-nn-nn-nn", where each "n" is a digit from 0 to 9. The fill modifier can best be understood through the palm facing of the hand graphemes. The palm facing is based on planes. The SignWriting script uses two planes: the Front Wall (Frontal Plane) and the Floor (Transverse Plane). There are 6 palm facings. The first three palm facings are parallel with the Front Wall. The second three palm facings are parallel with the Floor. The reader can view the signer from different viewpoints (expressive or Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 37] Internet-Draft SignWriting Text May 2016 receptive) and can view the hands from different perspectives (front or top), but no matter what the viewpoint or perspective, the first three Fills represent the palm facing parallel to the Front Wall and the second three Fills represent the palm facing parallel to the Floor. +------+------------------------------+-----------------------------+ | Fill | Indicator | Meaning | +------+------------------------------+-----------------------------+ | 01 | grapheme with white palm | reader sees palm of hand | | | | parallel Front Wall | +------+------------------------------+-----------------------------+ | 02 | grapheme with half black | reader sees side of hand | | | palm | parallel Front Wall | +------+------------------------------+-----------------------------+ | 03 | grapheme with black palm | reader sees back of hand | | | | parallel Front Wall | +------+------------------------------+-----------------------------+ | 04 | grapheme with white palm and | reader sees palm of hand | | | broken line | parallel Floor | +------+------------------------------+-----------------------------+ | 05 | grapheme with half black | reader sees side of hand | | | palm and broken line | parallel Floor | +------+------------------------------+-----------------------------+ | 06 | grapheme with black palm and | reader sees palm of hand | | | broken line | parallel Floor | +------+------------------------------+-----------------------------+ Table 21 The fill modifier is redefined for the movement arrows of category 2. Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 38] Internet-Draft SignWriting Text May 2016 +------+---------------------+--------------------------------------+ | Fill | Indicator | Meaning | +------+---------------------+--------------------------------------+ | 01 | a grapheme with a | movement of the right hand | | | black arrow head | | +------+---------------------+--------------------------------------+ | 02 | a grapheme with a | movement of the left hand | | | white arrow head | | +------+---------------------+--------------------------------------+ | 03 | a grapheme with a | spatial overlapping of movement | | | thin, unconnected | arrows for the left and right hands | | | arrow head | when they move as a unit | +------+---------------------+--------------------------------------+ | 04 | Irregular arrow | building blocks for complex movement | | | stems | | +------+---------------------+--------------------------------------+ Table 22 The rest of the other bases use a fill modifier for grouping and visual organization that is meaningful only for a particular base symbol or small set. The rotation modifier can best be understood through the hand symbols. The first 8 rotations progress 45 degrees counter clockwise. The last 8 rotations are a mirror of the first 8 and progress 45 degrees clockwise. Zero (0) degrees is understood to point to the top of the grapheme. Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 39] Internet-Draft SignWriting Text May 2016 +----------+-------------------+------------------+ | Rotation | Direction | Degrees from top | +----------+-------------------+------------------+ | 01 | Counter Clockwise | 0 | +----------+-------------------+------------------+ | 02 | Counter Clockwise | 45 | +----------+-------------------+------------------+ | 03 | Counter Clockwise | 90 | +----------+-------------------+------------------+ | 04 | Counter Clockwise | 135 | +----------+-------------------+------------------+ | 05 | Counter Clockwise | 180 | +----------+-------------------+------------------+ | 06 | Counter Clockwise | 225 | +----------+-------------------+------------------+ | 07 | Counter Clockwise | 270 | +----------+-------------------+------------------+ | 08 | Counter Clockwise | 315 | +----------+-------------------+------------------+ | 09 | Clockwise | 0 | +----------+-------------------+------------------+ | 10 | Clockwise | 45 | +----------+-------------------+------------------+ | 11 | Clockwise | 90 | +----------+-------------------+------------------+ | 12 | Clockwise | 135 | +----------+-------------------+------------------+ | 13 | Clockwise | 180 | +----------+-------------------+------------------+ | 14 | Clockwise | 225 | +----------+-------------------+------------------+ | 15 | Clockwise | 270 | +----------+-------------------+------------------+ | 16 | Clockwise | 315 | +----------+-------------------+------------------+ Table 23 B.3. Hierarchy The symbols of the ISWA 2010 are placed in a layered hierarchy for organization and access. There are 4 levels to the ISWA 2010 hierarchy: category, group, base, and symbol. There are 7 categories. The first number of the symbol ID identifies the category. The first 5 categories contain writing symbols for use in clusters: 1) Hands, 2) Movement, 3) Dynamics & Timing, 4) Head & Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 40] Internet-Draft SignWriting Text May 2016 Face, and 5) Body. The Body category can be broken into 2 subcategories: 5.1) Trunk and 5.2) Limb. The 6th category is Detailed Location that contains symbols used alone or in sequence, always outside the cluster. The 7th category is Punctuation that contains symbols used between clusters for text. +-----+-------------+-------------+---------------------------------+ | Cat | Purpose | Name | Description | +-----+-------------+-------------+---------------------------------+ | 1 | Writing | Hands | Handshapes from over 40 Sign | | | | | Languages are placed in 10 | | | | | groups based on the numbers | | | | | 1-10 in American Sign Language. | +-----+-------------+-------------+---------------------------------+ | 2 | Writing | Movement | Contact symbols, small finger | | | | | movements, straight arrows, | | | | | curved arrows and circles are | | | | | placed into 10 groups based on | | | | | planes: The Front Wall Plane | | | | | includes movement that is | | | | | "parallel to the front wall" | | | | | and the Floor Plane includes | | | | | movement that is "parallel to | | | | | the floor". | +-----+-------------+-------------+---------------------------------+ | 3 | Writing | Dynamics & | Dynamics Symbols are used to | | | | Timing | give the "feeling" or "tempo" | | | | | to movement. They provide | | | | | emphasis on a movement or | | | | | expression, and combined with | | | | | Punctuation Symbols become the | | | | | equivalent to Exclamation | | | | | Points. The Tension Symbol, | | | | | combined with Contact Symbols, | | | | | provides the feeling of | | | | | "pressure", and combined with | | | | | facial expressions can place | | | | | emphasis or added feeling to an | | | | | expression. Timing symbols are | | | | | used to show alternating or | | | | | simultaneous movement. | +-----+-------------+-------------+---------------------------------+ | 4 | Writing | Head & Face | Starting with the head and then | | | | | from the top of the face and | | | | | moving down. | +-----+-------------+-------------+---------------------------------+ | 5 | Writing | Body | Torso movement, shoulders, | Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 41] Internet-Draft SignWriting Text May 2016 | | | | hips, and the limbs are used in | | | | | Sign Languages as a part of | | | | | grammar, especially when | | | | | describing conversations | | | | | between people, called Role | | | | | Shifting, or making spatial | | | | | comparisons between items on | | | | | the left and items on the | | | | | right. | +-----+-------------+-------------+---------------------------------+ | 6 | Detailed | Detailed | Detailed Location symbols used | | | Location | Location | are used alone or in sequence | | | | | outside of the cluster. They | | | | | may be useful for sorting large | | | | | dictionaries, refining | | | | | animation, simplifying | | | | | translation between scripts and | | | | | notation systems, and for | | | | | detailed analysis of location | | | | | sometimes needed in linguistic | | | | | research. | +-----+-------------+-------------+---------------------------------+ | 7 | Punctuation | Punctuation | Punctuation symbols are used | | | | | when writing complete sentences | | | | | or documents in SignWriting. | +-----+-------------+-------------+---------------------------------+ The 7 Categories of the ISWA 2010 Table 24 There are 30 groups. The first 2 dashed numbers in the symbol ID identify the group. The 30 groups can be divided into 3 sets of 10. The first ten are hands, category 1. The second ten are movements, category 2. The third ten are categories 3 thru 7. In order, 1 group for the Dynamics & Timing category, 1 for Head, 4 for Face, 1 for Trunk, 1 for Limb, 1 for Detailed Location, and 1 for Punctuation. Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 42] Internet-Draft SignWriting Text May 2016 +-------------------+------------------------+----------------------+ | First Set | Second Set | Third Set | +-------------------+------------------------+----------------------+ | 01-01 Index | 02-01 Contact | 03-01 Dynamics & | | | | Timing | +-------------------+------------------------+----------------------+ | 01-02 Index | 02-02 Finger Movement | 04-01 Head | | Middle | | | +-------------------+------------------------+----------------------+ | 01-03 Index | 02-03 Straight Wall | 04-02 Brow Eyes | | Middle Thumb | Plane | Eyegaze | +-------------------+------------------------+----------------------+ | 01-04 Four | 02-04 Straight | 04-03 Cheeks Ears | | Fingers | Diagonal Plane | Nose Breath | +-------------------+------------------------+----------------------+ | 01-05 Five | 02-05 Straight Floor | 04-04 Mouth Lips | | Fingers | Plane | | +-------------------+------------------------+----------------------+ | 01-06 Baby Finger | 02-06 Curves Parallel | 04-05 Tongue Teeth | | | Wall Plane | Chin Neck | +-------------------+------------------------+----------------------+ | 01-07 Ring Finger | 02-07 Curves Hit Wall | 05-01 Trunk | | | Plane | | +-------------------+------------------------+----------------------+ | 01-08 Middle | 02-08 Curves Hit Floor | 05-02 Limbs | | Finger | Plane | | +-------------------+------------------------+----------------------+ | 01-09 Index Thumb | 02-09 Curves Parallel | 06-01 Detailed | | | Floor Plane | Location | +-------------------+------------------------+----------------------+ | 01-10 Thumb | 02-10 Circles | 07-01 Punctuation | +-------------------+------------------------+----------------------+ The 30 groups with symbol ID segment. Table 25 There are 652 bases. The first 4 dashed numbers of a symbol ID identify the base. The 652 bases are divided between the 30 groups. For each group, there are less than 60 bases. The bases are often displayed in columns of 10. Each base can have up to 96 symbols. All 6 dashed numbers of the symbol ID are required to identify a symbol. Each symbol is a combination of a base, fill, and rotation. The fill is identified by the 5th number of the symbol ID with possible values from 01 to 06. The rotation is identified by the 6th number of the symbol ID with possible values from 01 to 16. Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 43] Internet-Draft SignWriting Text May 2016 B.4. Combined Character Sequence Each symbol of the ISWA 2010 can be expressed with a combination of 3 characters. The first character represents the base of the symbol. The next character represents the fill of the symbol. The last character represents the rotation of the symbol. The combined character sequence is used in Formal SignWriting and the x-Character-SignWriting coded character set. B.5. Validity Although there are 6 possible fills and 16 possible rotations, not every combination of base, fill, and rotation is valid. Each base has a set of valid fills and a set of valid rotation. These validity sets contain one or more values from the defined range. For each value, the inclusion in the validity set can be expressed with a value of "0" or "1". For fill values, lining up the digit from left to right, will result in a string 6 digits long. The value of the 6 digit number is 2 ^ (value -1). +------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+--------+------------+ | Fill Value | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | Binary | Power of 2 | +------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+--------+------------+ | 1 | X | | | | | | 100000 | 1 | +------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+--------+------------+ | 2 | | X | | | | | 010000 | 2 | +------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+--------+------------+ | 3 | | | X | | | | 001000 | 4 | +------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+--------+------------+ | 4 | | | | X | | | 000100 | 8 | +------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+--------+------------+ | 5 | | | | | X | | 000010 | 16 | +------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+--------+------------+ | 6 | | | | | | X | 000001 | 32 | +------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+--------+------------+ Table 26 The value of any fill validity set is equal to the sum of the power of 2 for each fill value in the set. The empty set is invalid and has a sum of zero (0). The full set of all possible fills has a sum of 63. Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 44] Internet-Draft SignWriting Text May 2016 +---------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+--------+------------+ | Fill Set | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | Binary | Power of 2 | +---------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+--------+------------+ | {} | | | | | | | 000000 | 0 | +---------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+--------+------------+ | {1,2,3,4,5,6} | X | X | X | X | X | X | 111111 | 63 | +---------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+--------+------------+ Table 27 Each base has a defined validity set for fills. The rotation validity sets have a larger range than the fills. The possible rotation values range from 1 to 16. The power of 2 numbers are 16-bit. Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 45] Internet-Draft SignWriting Text May 2016 +-------+--------+------------+ | Value | Binary | Power of 2 | +-------+--------+------------+ | 1 | 2^0 | 1 | +-------+--------+------------+ | 2 | 2^1 | 2 | +-------+--------+------------+ | 3 | 2^2 | 4 | +-------+--------+------------+ | 4 | 2^3 | 8 | +-------+--------+------------+ | 5 | 2^4 | 16 | +-------+--------+------------+ | 6 | 2^5 | 32 | +-------+--------+------------+ | 7 | 2^6 | 64 | +-------+--------+------------+ | 8 | 2^7 | 128 | +-------+--------+------------+ | 9 | 2^8 | 256 | +-------+--------+------------+ | 10 | 2^9 | 512 | +-------+--------+------------+ | 11 | 2^10 | 1024 | +-------+--------+------------+ | 12 | 2^11 | 2048 | +-------+--------+------------+ | 13 | 2^12 | 4096 | +-------+--------+------------+ | 14 | 2^13 | 8192 | +-------+--------+------------+ | 15 | 2^14 | 16384 | +-------+--------+------------+ | 16 | 2^15 | 32768 | +-------+--------+------------+ Table 28 The value of a rotation validity set is the summation of the power of 2 numbers. The minimum summation is 1. The largest possible summation is 65,535 where all 16 rotations are valid. Each base has a defined validity set for rotations. Interestingly enough, there are only 12 possible validity sets in the ISWA 2010. Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 46] Internet-Draft SignWriting Text May 2016 +-------+------------------+----------------------------------------+ | Sum | Binary | Set | +-------+------------------+----------------------------------------+ | 1 | 100000 | {1} | +-------+------------------+----------------------------------------+ | 2 | 010000 | {2} | +-------+------------------+----------------------------------------+ | 3 | 110000 | {1, 2} | +-------+------------------+----------------------------------------+ | 7 | 111000 | {1, 2, 3} | +-------+------------------+----------------------------------------+ | 15 | 111100 | {1, 2, 3, 4} | +-------+------------------+----------------------------------------+ | 31 | 111110 | {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} | +-------+------------------+----------------------------------------+ | 63 | 111111 | {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} | +-------+------------------+----------------------------------------+ | 187 | 11011101 | {1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8} | +-------+------------------+----------------------------------------+ | 255 | 11111111 | {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8} | +-------+------------------+----------------------------------------+ | 511 | 1111111110000000 | {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} | +-------+------------------+----------------------------------------+ | 48059 | 1101110111011101 | {1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, | | | | 16} | +-------+------------------+----------------------------------------+ | 65535 | 1111111111111111 | {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, | | | | 12, 13, 14, 15, 16} | +-------+------------------+----------------------------------------+ Table 29 Appendix C. SignPuddle Standard The SignPuddle Standard for SignWriting text has been stable since January 12th, 2012. C.1. Licenses The font software is available under SIL's Open Font License. The reference material is licensed under Creative Commons attribution, share alike (by-sa). The previous generation of open source projects are licensed under the GPL 2 for MediaWiki and GPL 3 for the general software on Github. Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 47] Internet-Draft SignWriting Text May 2016 The current generation of open source projects on GitHub are licensed under the MIT License. C.2. Infrastructure C.2.1. SignPuddle Online SignPuddle Online [SP_ONLINE] is the current home of the international community of online writers of the SignWriting Script. Online tools make it possible to create SignWriting dictionaries and documents directly on the web. Each collection is freely available as a small XML file [SPML]. Dozens of sign languages from around the world are represented. Each language can have several collections of SignWriting. C.2.2. SignWriting Server The SignWriting Server is the next generation SignWriting server code for SVG images and JSON data. The SVG creation is stable and fully supports the styling string. The API is documented with API Blueprint and contains a concise guide and extensive examples. The API is still in the initial stages of development, but it will provide user authenticated access to read and edit SignPuddle Online data in the near future. The SignWriting Server is available on SignPuddle.net [SWSERVER_SIGNPUDDLE] for all SignWriting projects. A mirror server is available on Wikimedia Labs [SWSERVER_LABS] for Wikimedia projects. Additional SignWriting Servers can be created directly from the GitHub source [SWSERVER]. C.2.3. SignWriting Icon Server The SignWriting Icon Server is the previous generation SignWriting server code for SVG, PNG, and other image formats. The image creation is stable and fully implemented. The API is a proof of concept with only an initial level of support. The main server is available on Wikimedia Labs [SWIS_LABS] for all SignWriting projects. Each SignWriting Icon Server provides the SignWriting Thin Viewer as a site script and as a bookmark. Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 48] Internet-Draft SignWriting Text May 2016 Additional SignWriting Icon Servers can be created directly from the GitHub source [SWIS]. C.2.4. Wikimedia Incubator The SignWriting Script has been enabled on Wikimedia Incubator using the SignWriting Gadget. C.3. Compatibility SignTyp, SignWriter Studio, the DELEGS Editor, SWift, and more. C.3.1. SignTyp This standard is being integrated with the SignTyp linguistic coding system developed by Rachel Channon through an NSF grant. Notation Systems by Harry van der Hulst and Rachel Channon. [NOTATION] Why dynamic features? by Harry van der Hulst and Rachel Channon. [FEATURES] Transcription systems as input to coding systems: SignWriting & SignTyp by Charles Butler and Rachel Channon. [CODING_SYSTEM] C.3.2. SignWriter Studio SignWriter Studio [STUDIO] is a Windows-only compatible application by Jonathan Duncan. It has an alternate symbol selection technique. According to Valerie Sutton, it illustrates a unique insight into the hand shapes of the ISWA. Jonathan Duncan writes: SignWriter Studio has 4 ways to get the basic symbol base, and 3 ways to modify the selected base. 1) Select the base symbol from a complete list of base symbols organized in a tree view 2) Search for a hand symbol in hand search section by hand feature. 3) Select a symbol already present in the signbox. 4) Select a symbol from a Favorites section. Then one of three chooser to define the fill and rotation will become available. 1)The hand chooser. 2)The arrow chooser. 3)The general chooser. Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 49] Internet-Draft SignWriting Text May 2016 The Hand chooser is to quickly find the symbol for a certain, hand, plain(wall or floor), palm facing and rotation. The Hand Chooser also extends add a fourth palm facing to logically show all possible symbols in their most common uses. This chooser resembles the instruction manual explaining the use of hand shapes. The Arrow Chooser is to quickly find arrows for a certain hand, plain(wall or floor) and rotation.This chooser resembles the instruction manual explaining the use of arrows. The General Chooser is for symbols for which the two previous chooser do not work well and gives a grouped list of symbols for the base group. C.3.3. DELEGS Online The DELEGS Editor [DELEGS] from the University of Hamburg and C1 WPS GmbH in Germany is designed for Deaf Education. It is a tool for writing translation texts between spoken and signed languages. Spoken language text is used to display horizontal SignWriting Text from left to right. The spoken language can appear beneath the sign or it can be hidden. C.3.4. SWift SWift is a SignWriting improved fast transcriber [SWIFT] from Claudia Savina Bianchini, Fabrizio Borgia, and Maria De Marsico. SWift is under active development. The design "guides and simplifies the editing process". SWift uses an alternate symbol hierarchy than the ISWA 2010. A conversion library is planned in the future to support Formal SignWriting strings. C.3.5. JSPad JSPad [JSPAD] is Windows and Mac OS X software for editing the words and sentences of sign language, created by the Matsumoto Laboratory of Gifu University in Japan. Author's Address Stephen E Slevinski Jr SignPuddle Email: slevin@signpuddle.net Slevinski Expires November 10, 2016 [Page 50]