Energy Management Working Group E. Tychon Internet Draft M. Laherty Intended status: Informational Cisco Systems, Inc. Expires: September 15, 2011 B. Schoening Independent Consultant March 15, 2011 Energy Management (EMAN) Applicability Statement draft-tychon-eman-applicability-statement-01.txt Status of this Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. This document may not be modified, and derivative works of it may not be created, and it may not be published except as an Internet-Draft. This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. This document may not be modified, and derivative works of it may not be created, except to publish it as an RFC and to translate it into languages other than English. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet- Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html This Internet-Draft will expire on September 15, 2011. Expires September 15, 2011 [Page 1] Internet-Draft EMAN Applicability Statement March 2011 Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2011 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. Abstract The Energy Management (EMAN) framework will work on the management of energy-aware devices. In this document we describe the applicability of the EMAN framework for a variety of applications. We show how network elements and applications can use EMAN. We furthermore describe relations of the EMAN framework to other architectures and frameworks. Table of Contents 1. Introduction...................................................3 1.1. Energy Measurement........................................4 1.2. Energy Control............................................4 1.3. Examples..................................................5 1.3.1. Corporate Networks...................................5 1.3.2. Building Networks....................................5 1.3.3. Home Energy Gateways.................................5 1.3.4. Datacenters..........................................5 1.3.5. Intelligent Power Strips.............................6 2. Relation of EMAN to Other Frameworks and Technologies..........6 2.1. IEC.......................................................6 2.2. ISO.......................................................7 2.3. ANSI C12..................................................7 2.4. EnergyStar................................................8 2.5. DMTF......................................................8 2.5.1. Common Information Model Profiles....................9 2.5.2. Desktop And Mobile Architecture for System Hardware (DASH)......................................................9 2.6. SmartGrid.................................................9 Expires September 15, 2011 [Page 2] Internet-Draft EMAN Applicability Statement March 2011 2.7. NAESB, ASHRAE and NEMA...................................10 2.8. ZigBee...................................................11 3. Limitations...................................................12 4. Security Considerations.......................................12 4.1. SmartGrid................................................12 5. IANA Considerations...........................................13 6. References....................................................13 6.1. Normative References.....................................13 6.2. Informative References...................................13 7. Acknowledgments...............................................13 (Beginning of section to be removed from the final version) TO DO (End of section to be removed from the final version) 1. Introduction The EMAN framework describes how energy information can be retrieved, controlled and monitored from IP-enabled consumers with traditional methods such as Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). In essence, the framework defines Management Information Base (MIBs) for SNMP. In this document, we describe typical applications of the EMAN framework; we will show opportunities and limitations of the framework. Furthermore, we describe other standards that are similar to EMAN but addresses different domains or users. EMAN will enable heterogeneous energy consumers to report their own consumption, and to a lesser extent, external system to control them. There are multiple scenarios where this is desirable, particularly today considering the increased importance of limiting consumption of finite energy resources and reducing operational expenses. 1.1. EMAN Documents Overview The EMAN working group is actively working on a series of documents. (TODO: list existing documents) Expires September 15, 2011 [Page 3] Internet-Draft EMAN Applicability Statement March 2011 1.2. Energy Measurement More and more devices today are able to measure and report their own energy consumption. Smart power strips and some current generation Power-over-Ethernet switches are already able to meter consumption of the connected devices. However, when managed and reported through proprietary means, this information is not really useful at the enterprise level. The primary goal of EMAN is to enable reporting and management within a standard framework that is applicable to the wide variety of today's end devices, meters and proxies. Being able to know who's consuming what, when and how at any time by leveraging existing networks, and across various equipment is one pillar of the EMAN framework. 1.3. Energy Control There are many cases where reducing energy consumption is desirable, such as when the demand is already high, when there's no one using the resource, and so on. In some cases, you can't simply turn it off without considering the context. For instance you cannot turn off all phones, because some still need to be available in case of emergency. You can't turn office cooling off totally during non-work hours, but you can reduce the comfort level, and so on. In other cases, there are intermediate power levels between off and on, such as standby, sleep or soft-off modes [DQERM]. The EMAN framework will provide a control mechanism that is generalized for all devices, power states, and allows for fine- grained priority control, and emergency function. Power control requires flexibility and support for different polices and mechanisms; including centralized management with a network management station, autonomous management by individual devices, and alignment with dynamic demand-response mechanisms. Expires September 15, 2011 [Page 4] Internet-Draft EMAN Applicability Statement March 2011 1.4. Examples 1.4.1. Corporate Networks Corporate networks connect computers, printers, phones, network equipment and other devices over local and wide area networks. These networks are typically centrally managed and operate 24x7. Today, no standard MIB exists for monitoring and control of energy in enterprise network using SNMP. 1.4.2. Building Networks Buildings are big energy consumers, and companies are looking into ways to reduce their energy consumption, as well as to react positively in case of an emergency, such as a brownout risk day. While building networks may be IP enabled, most use older network technologies including serial RS-485 and token ring technologies. Within these networks, gateways may connect the building system protocol to IP networks for management and control. Air conditioning, lighting and so on can all be metered and controlled using the EMAN framework. EMAN can, for instance, act as a communication protocol between a presence system to deactivate the cooling and phones when there's no one on the floor. 1.4.3. Home Energy Gateways Home Energy Gateways (HEG) are devices with remote metering capabilities, and will let service providers and utility companies respond to demand by varying pricing according to time of usage. The HEG itself may use specific protocols, but using the EMAN framework, it will be able to report usage, pricing or other indicators to the user using SNMP. Using a simple application on its home network, the consumer is now empowered to see and decide how to use energy. 1.4.4. Datacenters Datacenters too are big energy consumers. All that equipment generates heat, and heat needs to be evacuated though a HVAC (Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning) system. Controlling the datacenter consumption means slowing down or turning off equipment and cooling. Expires September 15, 2011 [Page 5] Internet-Draft EMAN Applicability Statement March 2011 The EMAN framework will enable a new level of control by providing a unified means of communication between heterogeneous devices over a network. 1.4.5. Intelligent Power Strips Intelligent Power Strips are power distribution units with IP communication capability to remotely enable / disable a particular outlet, and often have the ability to measure power consumption for each outlet. These devices are currently supporting either their own proprietary protocol or a proprietary SNMP MIB, but EMAN will provide a uniform framework designed for power control and monitoring for all vendors. 2. Relation of EMAN to Other Frameworks and Technologies EMAN as a framework is tied with other standards and efforts in the area. We will try to re-use existing standards as much as possible, as well as providing control to adjacent technologies such as Smart Grid. We have listed most of them with a brief description of their objectives and the current state. 2.1. IEC The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) has developed a broad set of standards for power management. Among these, the most applicable to our purposes is IEC 61850, a standard for the design of electric utility automation. The abstract data model defined in 61850 is built upon and extends the Common Information Model (CIM). The complete 61850 CIM model includes over a hundred object classes and is widely used by utilities in the US and worldwide This set of standards was originally conceived to automate control of a substation. An electrical substation is a subsidiary station of an electricity generation, transmission and distribution system where voltage is transformed from high to low or the reverse using transformers. While the original domain of 61850 is substation automation, the extensive model that resulted has been widely used in other areas, including Energy Management Systems (EMS) and forms the core of many Smart Grid standards. IEC TC57 WG19 is an ongoing working group to harmonize the CIM data model and 61850 standards. Expires September 15, 2011 [Page 6] Internet-Draft EMAN Applicability Statement March 2011 With its broad installed base and foundational data model for recent smart grid efforts, it's highly advisable that the EMON model reuse as much as possible from the IEC standards. 2.2. ISO The ISO is developing an energy management standard called ISO 50001. The intent of the framework is to facilitate the creation of energy management programs for industrial, commercial and other entities. The standard defines a process for energy management at an organization level. It is not expected to define the way in which devices report energy and consume energy. The IETF effort would be complementary. ISO 50001 is based on the common elements found in all of ISO's management system standards, assuring a high level of compatibility with ISO 9001 (quality management) and ISO 14001 (environmental management). ISO 50001 benefits will include - Integrating energy efficiency into management practices and throughout the supply chain. - Energy management best practices and good energy management behaviors - benchmarking, measuring, documenting, and reporting energy intensity improvements and their projected impact on reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions - Evaluating and prioritizing the implementation of new energy- efficient technologies ISO 50001 is being developed by ISO project committee ISO/PC 242, Energy management and is expected to be published as an International Standard by 2011. http://www.iso.org/iso/pressrelease.htm?refid=Ref1337 2.3. ANSI C12 The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) has defined a collection of power meter standards under ANSI C12. The primary standards include communication protocols (C12.18, 21 and 22), data and schema definitions (C12.19), and measurement accuracy (C12.20). European equivalent standards are provided by the IEC. Expires September 15, 2011 [Page 7] Internet-Draft EMAN Applicability Statement March 2011 ANSI C12.20 defines accuracy classes for watt-hour meters. Typical accuracy classes are class 0.5, class 1, and class 3; which correspond to +/- 0.5%, +/- 1% and +/- 3% accuracy thresholds. All of these standards are oriented toward the meter itself, and are therefore very specific and used by electricity distributors and producers. The EMON standard should be compatible with existing ANSI C.12 standards. 2.4. EnergyStar The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and US Department of Energy (DOE) jointly sponsor the Energy Star program. The program promotes the development of energy efficient products and practices. To earn Energy Star approval, appliances in the home or business must meet specific energy efficiency targets. The Energy Star program also provides planning tools and technical documentation to help homeowners design more energy efficient homes. Energy Star is a program; it's not a protocol or standard. For businesses and data centers, Energy Star offers technical support to help companies establish energy conservation practices. Energy Star provides best practices for measuring current energy performance, goal setting, and tracking improvement. The Energy Star tools offered include a rating system for building performance and comparative benchmarks. http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=about.ab_history 2.5. DMTF The DMTF has standardized management solutions for power-state configuration and management of elements in a heterogeneous environment. These specifications provide physical, logical and virtual system management requirements for power-state control. Through various Working Group efforts these specifications continue to evolve and advance in features and functionalities. The full specifications can be found at the DMTF web site: http://www.dmtf.org Expires September 15, 2011 [Page 8] Internet-Draft EMAN Applicability Statement March 2011 2.5.1. Common Information Model Profiles The DMTF uses CIM-based (Common Information Model) 'Profiles' to represent and manage power utilization and configuration of a managed element. The key profiles are 'Power Supply' (DSP 1015), 'Power State' (DSP 1027) and 'Power Utilization Management' (DSP 1085). These profiles define monitoring and configuration of a Power Managed Element's static and dynamic power saving modes, power allocation limits and power states, among other features. Power saving modes can be established as static or dynamic. Static modes are fixed policies that limit power to a utilization or wattage limit. Dynamic power saving modes rely upon internal feedback to control power consumption. Power states are eight named operational and non operational levels. These are On, Sleep-Light, Sleep-Deep, Hibernate, Off-Soft, and Off- Hard. Power change capabilities provide immediate, timed interval, and graceful transitions between on, off, and reset power states. Table 3 of the Power State Profile defines the correspondence between the ACPI and DMTF power state models, although it is not necessary for a managed element to support ACPI. Optionally, a TransitingToPowerState property can represent power state transitions in progress. 2.5.2. Desktop And Mobile Architecture for System Hardware (DASH) DMTF DASH (DSP0232) has addressed the challenges of managing heterogeneous desktop and mobile systems (including power) via in- band and out-of-band environments. Utilizing the DMTF's WS- Management web services and the CIM data model, DASH provides management and control of managed elements like power, CPU etc. Both in service and out-of-service systems can be managed with the DASH specification in a fully secured remote environment. Full power lifecycle management is possible using out-of-band management. 2.6. SmartGrid The Smart Grid standards efforts underway in the United States are overseen by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology [NIST]. NIST was given the charter to oversee the development of smart grid related standards by the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. NIST is responsible for coordinating a public-private Expires September 15, 2011 [Page 9] Internet-Draft EMAN Applicability Statement March 2011 partnership with key energy and consumer stakeholders in order to facilitate the development of smart grid standards. The smart grid standards activity (sponsored and hosted by NIST) is monitored and facilitated by the SGIP (Smart Grid Interoperability Panel). This group has several sub groups called working groups. These teams examine smaller parts of the smart grid. They include B2G, I2G, and H2G and others (Building to Grid; Industrial to Grid and Home to Grid). http://collaborate.nist.gov/twiki- sggrid/bin/view/SmartGrid/SGIPWorkingGroupsAndCommittees When a working group detects a standard or technology gap, the team seeks approval from the SGIP for the creation of a Priority Action Plan (PAP). The PAP is a private-public partnership with a charter to close a specific gap. There are currently 17 Priority Action Plans (PAP). PAP 10 Addresses "Standard Energy Usage Information". Smart Grid standards will provide distributed intelligence in the network and allow enhanced load shedding. For example, pricing signals will enable selective shutdown of non critical activities during peak-load pricing periods. These actions can be effected through both centralized and distributed management controls. Similarly, brown-outs, air quality alerts, and peak demand limits can be managed through the smart grid data models, based upon IEC 61850. 2.7. NAESB, ASHRAE and NEMA As an output of the PAP10's work on the standard information model, multiple stakeholders agreed to work on a utility centric model in NAESB (North American Electric Standards Board) and the building side information model in a joint effort by American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) and National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA). The NAESB effort is a NAESB REQ/WEQ. http://www.naesb.org/smart_grid_PAP10.asp The ASHRAE effort is SPC201. http://collaborate.nist.gov/twiki- sggrid/bin/view/SmartGrid/PAP17Information The output of both ANSI approved SDO's is an information model. It is not a device level monitoring protocol. Expires September 15, 2011 [Page 10] Internet-Draft EMAN Applicability Statement March 2011 After the ASHRAE SPC201 group formed as a result of initial work done by the PAP 10, the SGIP added PAP17 in order to focus specifically on in-building standards for energy using devices. PAP 17 "will lead to development of a data model standard to enable energy consuming devices and control systems in the customer premises to manage electrical loads and generation sources in response to communication with the Smart Grid. It will be possible to communicate information about those electrical loads to utilities, other electrical service providers, and market operators. The term "Facility Smart Grid Information" is intended to convey the nature of critical information originating from the customer operated "facility" which deals with the representation and dynamics of loads including prediction, measurement and shedding. It also helps to distinguish between this PAP and that of PAP10 which deals exclusively with the representation of energy usage. This data model standard will complement the flow, aggregation, summary, and forecasting of energy usage information being standardized by NAESB in PAP10 through the definition of additional distinct model components. While the NAESB standard is focusing on "a single limited-scope information model" that "will not cover all interactions associated with energy in the home or commercial space" including, for example, load management ("Report to the SGIP Governing Board: PAP10 plan," June 15, 2010), these new components will address load modeling and behavior necessary to manage on-site generation, demand response, electrical storage, peak demand management, load shedding capability estimation, and responsive energy load control." http://collaborate.nist.gov/twiki- sggrid/bin/view/SmartGrid/PAP17FacilitySmartGridInformationStandard 2.8. ZigBee The "Zigbee Smart Energy 2.0 effort" currently focuses on wireless communication to smart home appliances. It is intended to enable home energy management and direct load control by utilities. ZigBee protocols are intended for use in embedded applications requiring low data rates and low power consumption. ZigBee's current focus is to define a general-purpose, inexpensive, self-organizing mesh network that can be used for industrial control, embedded Expires September 15, 2011 [Page 11] Internet-Draft EMAN Applicability Statement March 2011 sensing, medical data collection, smoke and intruder warning, building automation, home automation, etc. It is not known if the Zigbee Alliance plans to extend support to business class devices. There also does not appear to be a plan for context aware marking. Zigbee is currently not an ANSI recognized SDO -- but they are working toward formal recognition. 3. Limitations EMAN will address the needs of the network operators in term of measurement and, to a lesser extend, control over IP networks. It is not the purpose of EMAN to create a new protocol stack for energy-aware endpoints, but rather to create a data model to measure and report energy and other metrics over SNMP. Other legacy protocols may already exists (ModBus), but are not designed initially to work on IP, even if in some cases it is possible to transport them over IP with some limitations. The EMAN framework does not aim to address questions regarding Smartgrid, Electricity producers, distributors even if there is obvious link between them. 4. Security Considerations EMAN uses the SNMP protocol and is subject to its own security. More specifically, SNMPv3 [RFC3411] provides important security features such as confidentiality, integrity, and authentication. 4.1. SmartGrid Even if discussing SmartGrid security is not the scope of this document, NIST has found at least five standards that are directly related to smart grid security. That includes standards from NERC, IEEE, AMI System Security Requirements, UtilityAMI Home Area Network System Requirements and IEC standards. The SmartGrid security issue is more difficult being actually an open network, spawning entire territories and devices from smart meters, secondary and primary sub stations, etc. EDITOR'S NODE: TO BE EXPANDED Expires September 15, 2011 [Page 12] Internet-Draft EMAN Applicability Statement March 2011 5. IANA Considerations This memo includes no request to IANA. 6. References 6.1. Normative References [RFC3411] An Architecture for Describing Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) Management Frameworks 6.2. Informative References [DQERM] https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-quittek-eman- reference-model/ [NIST] http://www.nist.gov/smartgrid/ 7. Acknowledgments This document was prepared using 2-Word-v2.0.template.dot. The authors would like to thank Jeff Wheeler for its contribution to the DMTF section. Copyright (c) 2011 IETF Trust and the persons identified as authors of the code. All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, is permitted pursuant to, and subject to the license terms contained in, the Simplified BSD License set forth in Section 4.c of the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info). Expires September 15, 2011 [Page 13] Internet-Draft EMAN Applicability Statement March 2011 Authors' Addresses Emmanuel Tychon Cisco Systems, Inc. De Keleetlaan, 6A B1831 Diegem Belgium Email: etychon@cisco.com Matthew Laherty Cisco Systems, Inc. Email: mlaherty@cisco.com Brad Schoening 44 Rivers Edge Drive Little Silver, NJ 07739 USA Email: brad@bradschoening.com Expires September 15, 2011 [Page 14]