Below-the-Waist Bulge

• mostly reinventing, badly, what IP already does (or could do, or should do):

  • VLANs
  • LANE (LAN emulation / “interworking”)
  • layer 2 tunneling protocols
  • MPLS, PPPoE,… (“layer 2.5”)

• lower layers mostly seem to just make IP’sjob harder

  • cells, circuits, QoS, multicast, large clouds, opaque clouds

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