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Canonicalisation (2) Elements and references Character and parsed entity references are replaced CDATA sections are replaced with their character content The XML declaration and document type declaration (DTD) are removed Empty elements are converted to start-end tag pairs Attributes Attribute values are normalized, as if by a validating processor Attribute value delimiters are set to quotation marks (double quotes) Special characters in attribute values and character content are replaced by character references Superfluous namespace declarations are removed from each element Default attributes are added to each element Lexicographic order is imposed on the namespace declarations and attributes of each element |