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F-RTO Algorithm for Detecting Spurious RTOs First individual version in June 2002 Taken to tsvwg in October 2003 Moves to tcpm Spurious retransmission timeout Timeout that would not have occurred if ACK arrived earlier F-RTO looks for incoming ACK for segment that was not retransmitted Sender-only algorithm Follows congestion control principles Can be used without TCP options Send up to two previously unsent segments after RTO retransmission New segments acknowledged => Spurious RTO Duplicate ACKs due to out-of-order segments => not spurious RTO SACK-enhanced version allows detection in presence of pkt reordering Same principle is applicable with SCTP |