Network Working Group INTERNET-DRAFT Expires in: November 2006 Scott Poretsky Reef Point Systems May 2006 Considerations for Benchmarking IGP Data Plane Route Convergence Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) statement: By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she becomes aware will be disclosed, in accordance with Section 6 of BCP 79. Status of this Memo Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt. The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html. Copyright Notice Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006). ABSTRACT This document provides considerations for IGP Route Convergence benchmarking methodology [1] and IGP Route Convergence benchmarking terminology [2]. The methodology and terminology are to be used for benchmarking route convergence and can be applied to any link-state IGP such as ISIS [3] and OSPF [4]. The data plane is measured to obtain the convergence benchmarking metrics described in [1]. Poretsky [Page 1] INTERNET-DRAFT Considerations for Benchmarking May 2006 IGP Data Plane Route Convergence Table of Contents 1. Introduction ...............................................2 2. Existing definitions .......................................2 3. Factors for IGP Route Convergence Time......................2 4. Network Events that Cause Route Convergence.................3 5. Use of Data Plane for IGP Route Convergence Benchmarking....3 6. IANA Considerations.........................................4 7. Security Considerations.....................................4 8. Acknowledgements............................................4 9. Normative References........................................5 10. Author's Address...........................................5 1. Introduction Convergence Time is a critical performance parameter. Customers of Service Providers use packet loss due to IGP Convergence as a key metric of their network service quality. Service Providers use IGP Convergence time as a key metric of router design and architecture. Fast network convergence can be optimally achieved through deployment of fast converging routers. The fundamental basis by which network users and operators benchmark convergence is packet loss, which is an externally observable event having direct impact on their application performance. IGP Route Convergence is a Direct Measure of Quality (DMOQ) when benchmarking the data plane. For this reason it is important to develop a standard router benchmarking methodology and terminology for measuring IGP convergence that uses the data plane as described in [1] and [2]. This document describes all of the factors that influence a convergence measurement and how a purely black box test can be designed to account for all of these factors. This enables accurate benchmarking and evaluation for route convergence time. 2. Existing definitions The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14, RFC 2119. RFC 2119 defines the use of these key words to help make the intent of standards track documents as clear as possible. While this document uses these keywords, this document is not a standards track document. 3. Factors for IGP Route Convergence Time There are four major categories of factors contributing to the measured Router IGP Convergence Time. As discussed in [5], [6], [7], [8] and [9], these categories are Event Detection, SPF Processing, IGP Advertisement, and FIB Update. These have numerous components that influence the convergence time. These are listed as follow: Poretsky [Page 2] INTERNET-DRAFT Considerations for Benchmarking May 2006 IGP Data Plane Route Convergence -Event Detection- SONET failure indication time PPP failure indication time IGP Hello Dead Interval -SPF Processing- SPF Delay Time SPF Hold time SPF Execution time -IGP Advertisement- LSA/LSP Flood Packet Pacing LSA/LSP Retransmission Packet Pacing LSA/LSP Generation time -FIB Update- Tree Build time Hardware Update time The contribution of each of these factors listed above will vary with each router vendors' architecture and IGP implementation. It is therefore necessary to design a convergence test that considers all of these components, not just one or a few of these components. The additional benefit of designing a test for all components is that it enables black-box testing in which knowledge of the routers' internal implementations is not required. It is then possible to make valid use of the convergence benchmarking metrics when comparing routers from different vendors. 4. Network Events that Cause Convergence There are different types of network events that can cause IGP convergence. These network events are as follow: * administrative link removal * unplanned link failure * line card failure * route changes such as withdrawal, flap, next-hop change, and cost change. When benchmarking a router it is important to measure convergence time for local and remote occurrence of these network events. The convergence time measured will vary whether the network event occurred locally or remotely due to varying combinations of factors listed in the previous sections. This behavior makes it possible to design purely black-box tests that isolate measurements for each of the components of convergence time. Poretsky [Page 3] INTERNET-DRAFT Considerations for Benchmarking May 2006 IGP Data Plane Route Convergence 5. Use of Data Plane for IGP Route Convergence Benchmarking Customers of service providers use packet loss as the metric to calculate convergence time. Packet loss is an externally observable event having direct impact on customers' application performance. For this reason it is important to develop a standard router benchmarking methodology and terminology that is a Direct Measure of Quality (DMOQ) for measuring IGP convergence. Such a methodology uses the data plane as described in [1] and [2]. An additional benefit of using packet loss for calculation of IGP Route Convergence time is that it enables black-box tests to be designed. Data traffic can be offered to the device under test (DUT), an emulated network event can be forced to occur, and packet loss can be externally measured to calculate the convergence time. Knowledge of the DUT architecture and IGP implementation is not required. There is no need to rely on the DUT to produce the test results. There is no need to build intrusive test harnesses for the DUT. Use of data traffic and measurement of packet loss on the data plane also enables Route Convergence methodology test cases that consider the time for the Route Controller to update the FIB on the forwarding engine of the hardware. A router is not fully converged until all components are updated and traffic is rerouted to the correct egress interface. As long as there is packet loss, routes have not converged. It is possible to send diverse traffic flows to destinations matching every route in the FIB so that the time it takes for the router to converge an entire route table can be benchmarked. 6. IANA Considerations This document requires no IANA considerations. 7. Security Considerations Documents of this type do not directly effect the security of the Internet or of corporate networks as long as benchmarking is not performed on devices or systems connected to production networks. 8. Acknowledgements Thanks to Curtis Villamizar for sharing so much of his knowledge and experience through the years. Also, special thanks to the many Network Engineers and Network Architects at the Service Providers who are always eager to discuss Route Convergence benchmarking. Poretsky [Page 4] INTERNET-DRAFT Considerations for Benchmarking May 2006 IGP Data Plane Route Convergence 9. References 9.1 Normative References [1] Poretsky, S., "Benchmarking Methodology for IGP Data Plane Route Convergence", draft-ietf-bmwg-igp-dataplane-conv-meth-11, work in progress, May 2006. [2] Poretsky, S., "Benchmarking Terminology for IGP Data Plane Route Convergence", draft-ietf-bmwg-igp-dataplane-conv-term-11, work in progress, May 2006. [3] Callon, R., "Use of OSI IS-IS for Routing in TCP/IP and Dual Environments", RFC 1195, December 1990. [4] Moy, J., "OSPF Version 2", RFC 2328, IETF, April 1998. 9.2 Informative References [5] Villamizar, C., "Convergence and Restoration Techniques for ISP Interior Routing", NANOG 25, March 2002. [6] Katz, D., "Why are we Scared of SPF? IGP Scaling and Stability", NANOG 25, March 2002. [7] Filsfils, C., "Deploying Tight-SLA Services on an Internet Backbone: ISIS Fast Convergence and Differentiated Services Design (tutorial)", NANOG 25, March 2002. [8] Alaettinoglu, C. and Casner, S., "ISIS Routing on the Qwest Backbone: a Recipe for Subsecond ISIS Convergence", NANOG 24, March 2002. [9] Alaettinoglu, C., Jacobson, V., and Yu, H., "Towards Millisecond IGP Convergence", NANOG 20, March 2000. 10. Author's Address Scott Poretsky Reef Point Systems 8 New England Executive Park Burlington, MA 01803 USA Phone: + 1 508 439 9008 EMail: sporetsky@reefpoint.com Poretsky [Page 5] INTERNET-DRAFT Considerations for Benchmarking May 2006 IGP Data Plane Route Convergence Full Copyright Statement Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006). This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors retain all their rights. This document and the information contained herein are provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. 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