Network Working Group                                          A. Newton
Internet-Draft                                            VeriSign, Inc.
Expires: November 26, 2006                                  May 25, 2006


   A Domain Availability Check (dchk) Registry Type for the Internet
                  Registry Information Service (IRIS)
                     draft-ietf-crisp-iris-dchk-05

Status of this Memo

   By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any
   applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware
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   This Internet-Draft will expire on November 26, 2006.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006).

Abstract

   This document describes a lightweight domain availability service
   using the IRIS framework and the data model of the IRIS Domain
   Registry service.








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Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   2.  Document Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
   3.  DCHK Registry  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
     3.1.  Schema Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
       3.1.1.  The <domain> Result  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
       3.1.2.  Support for <iris:lookupEntity>  . . . . . . . . . . . 10
     3.2.  DCHK Formal XML Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
     3.3.  BEEP Transport Compliance  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
       3.3.1.  Message Pattern  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
       3.3.2.  Server Authentication  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
     3.4.  URI Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
       3.4.1.  Application Service Label  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
       3.4.2.  Bottom-Up Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
       3.4.3.  Top-Down Resolution  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
   4.  Internationalization Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
   5.  IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
     5.1.  XML Namespace URN Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
     5.2.  S-NAPTR Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
     5.3.  BEEP Registration  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
   6.  Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
   7.  References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
     7.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
     7.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
   Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
   Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . . . 24
























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1.  Introduction

   This document describes a lightweight service for checking the
   availability of domain names.  This service is based on the IRIS
   framework and uses the data model defined by DREG2 [4].  By doing
   this, the domain availability service has the advantages provided by
   IRIS and DREG2, such as well-known methods for server navigation,
   structured queries and results, and layered extensibility.

   The use of IRIS for this service also allows seamless integration
   between the domain availability service and the service provided by
   DREG2.  This allows a user to find the availability status of domain
   and reference the full registration information in DREG2.

   The data model in this service (called a registry schema in IRIS
   terms) is a strict subset of the DREG2 data model.  This enables
   implementors to directly reuse DREG2 code paths and allows operators
   to deploy the service in either the same server processes as a DREG2
   service (same host and port) or in a different server process
   (different port) or machine (different host).

   As an example, an operator may wish to deploy both types of service
   on the same set of machines.  As time goes on, the operator may then
   decide to segregate the services, placing the domain availability
   service on one set of machines and the DREG2 service on a separate
   set of machines with a stricter set of controls.  Either deployment
   scenario is transparent to the end user and always appear to be
   seamlessly complementary.

   When coupled with [12], this domain availability service is
   lightweight and extremely effecient for high-volume, public-facing
   service.



















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2.  Document Terminology

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC2119 [8].














































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3.  DCHK Registry

   The data model used for the domain availability check (DCHK) service
   is a strict subset of the DREG2 data model.  This section describes
   the DCHK registry type.  See [3].

3.1.  Schema Description

   References to XML elements with no namespace qualifier are from the
   schema defined in Section 3.2.  References to elements and attributes
   with the "iris" XML namespace qualifier are from the schema defined
   in IRIS [3].

   The descriptions contained within this section refer to XML elements
   and attributes and their relation to the exchange of data within the
   protocol.  These descriptions also contain specifications outside the
   scope of the formal XML syntax.  Therefore, this section will use
   terms defined by RFC 2119 [8] to describe the specification outside
   the scope of the formal XML syntax.  While reading this section,
   please reference Section 3.2 for needed details on the formal XML
   syntax.

3.1.1.  The <domain> Result

   An example of a <domain> result:

   <domain
     authority="iana.org" registryType="dchk1"
     entityClass="domain-name" entityName="example.com">
     <domainName>example.com</domainName>
     <status><activeAndAssigned/></status>
   </domain>

   The <domain> result represents an instance of a domain assignment.
   The children of the <domain> element are as follows:

   o  <domainName> - the full name of the domain as it is in DNS.  The
      contents of this element MUST be a domain name as specified by RFC
      1035 [7].

   o  <idn> - the name of the domain in nameprep form if applicable.
      See RFC 3491 [9].

   o  <status> - may contain at least one of the following elements of
      type 'domainStatusType' (see Section 3.1.1.1), but none of these
      elements may appear more than once.





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      *  <reservedDelegation> - permanently inactive

      *  <assignedAndActive> - normal state

      *  <assignedAndInactive> - registration assigned but delegation
         inactive

      *  <assignedAndOnHold> - dispute

      *  <revoked> - database purge pending

      *  <transferPending> - change of authority pending

      *  <registryLock> - on hold by registry

      *  <registrarLock> - on hold by registrar

   o  <enhancedStatus> - this element contains child elements
      representing enhanced status information.  It defines the
      following additional status types:

      *  <active> - available via DNS (either via delegation or direct
         publication)

      *  <inactive> - unavailable via DNS

      *  <lame> - the domain has been found to be lame (see
         Section 3.1.1.3).  This element is of "lameEnhancedStatusType".

      *  <resolvable> - the domain is not lame (see Section 3.1.1.3).

      *  <dispute> - registrant assignment is in dispute

      *  <renew> - renewal of domain registration

      *  <addPeriod> - period at the creation or activation of this
         domain (see RFC 3915 [6])

      *  <renewPeriod> - period at the renewal of this domain (see RFC
         3915 [6])

      *  <autoRenewPeriod> - period at the automatic renewal of this
         domain (see RFC 3915 [6])

      *  <transferPeriod> - period at the transfer of this domain (see
         RFC 3915 [6])





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      *  <redemptionPeriod> - period at the redemption of this domain
         (see RFC 3915 [6])

      *  <restore> - change to previous status of this domain

      *  <policyCompliant> - this domain is considered compliant
         according to a given policy specified by the substatus
         identifier.

      *  <policyNoncompliant> - this domain is not considered compliant
         according to a given policy specified by the substatus
         identifier.

      *  <reserved> - the containing result object is reserved and is
         not available for registration under normal registration
         procedures.

      *  <create> - specifies the creation status of the containing
         result object in the registration system.

      *  <delete> - specifies the deletion status of the containing
         result object in the registration system.

      *  <transfer> - specifies the transfer status of the containing
         result object from one responsible or owning entity in the
         registration system to another.

      *  <update> - specifies the status of the containing result object
         as it relates to information in the containing result object
         being modified or having the ability to be modified.

      *  <other> - specifies a registration system specific status of
         the containing result object.

      Both the <status> and <enhancedStatus> elements MAY appear in a
      <domain> result object.  However, sole use of the <enhancedStatus>
      element is RECOMMENDED.

   o  <domainVariant> - contains an entity reference, the referent of
      which MUST be a <domain> (Section 3.1.1).

   o  <registrationReference> - an element containing an entity
      reference, the referent of which MUST be either a <domain>
      (Section 3.1.1) or a <domain> as defined by DREG2 [4].  The intent
      of this element is to point to the downstream registration
      reference.  Therefore, if this is a result given back by a domain
      registry, it should point to the domain in the domain registrar or
      registrant service.



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   o  <initialDelegationDateTime> - an element containing the date and
      time of the initial delegation of this domain.

   o  <lastDelegationModificationDateTime> - an element containing the
      date and time of the last time one of the nameservers was added or
      removed for the delegation of this domain.

   o  <iris:seeAlso> - an element containing an entity reference
      specifying a referent that is indirectly associated with this
      domain.

3.1.1.1.  Domain Status Type

   Each element that is of the 'domainStatusType' may have an optional
   <appliedDate> element and one or more <description> elements, the
   text contents of which may be used to describe the status in natural
   language.  Each <description> element must have a 'language'
   attribute describing the language of the description element.

3.1.1.2.  Enhanced Domain Status Type

   Each element that is of the 'enhancedStatusType' has the following
   composition:

   o  <appliedDate> - a child element containing the date applicable to
      creation of the status.

   o  <description> - one or more child elements with text to described
      the status in natural language.  Each of these elements must have
      a 'language' attribute describing the language of the description
      element.

   o  <ticket> - a child element containing a service ticket identifier
      relevant to the status.

   o  <subStatus> - a child element indicating further status
      information.  Values for this element are not defined by the
      specification.  This child element has a required 'authority'
      attribute to indicate the origin of the specification of the value
      of this element.

   o  'actor' - an optional attribute indicating the acting entity for
      which this status is applied.  The values may be "registry",
      "registrar", or "registrationServiceProvider".

   o  'disposition' - an optional attribute indicating the nature of
      this status.  The values may be "pending" or "prohibited".




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   o  'scope' - an optional attribute indicating the context or origin
      of the status value.

3.1.1.3.  Lameness

   Some registries, registrars, or registration service providers may
   periodically check to see if a domain is "lame".  In DNS terms,
   "lame" has a narrow definition as defined in [11], but the term is
   often used in a wider context.  The explanation given here covers the
   wider context as is often found in registration systems and is not
   meant to redefine the stricter meaning in DNS as specified in [11].
   A nameserver listed as authoritative for a domain can be considered
   lame for three reasons:

   1.  The nameserver is unresponsive.

   2.  The nameserver does not answer authoritatively for the domain.
       See [11].

   3.  The address of the nameserver cannot be resolved, usually due to
       the domain in which it exists being lame itself.

   In a registration database, lameness may exist in three places:

   1.  A nameserver is lame if its address cannot be resolved or it does
       not answer queries.

   2.  The relationship between a domain and a nameserver could be lame
       if the nameserver does not authoritatively answer queries for the
       domain (i.e. it could answer authoritatively for other domains).

   3.  A domain is lame if all of its nameservers are lame.

   This specification enumerates the reasons for lameness with
   "lameReasonType".  The enumerated values are:

   o  queryTimeout - an answer was not received within a specified
      duration of time.

   o  nonAuthoritativeAnswer - the name server queried did not return an
      authoritative answer.

   o  unknownDomainName - the name server queried unknown the domain
      name.

   o  unknownHostName - the name server's name is unknown.





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   o  queryRefused - the name server refused to answer the query.

   o  connectionRefused - the name server refused to accept the query
      connection.

   o  cannonicalName - the name server's name in a CNAME and not an A
      record.

   o  soaVersionNotInSync - the SOA version is not in sync between this
      server and the delegated master.

   o  dnsProtocolLevelError - the query resulted in a DNS protocol error

   o  other - lame for an unexplaned reason

   A special status type also exists to describe lameness, the
   "lameEnhancedStatusType".  This type extends the "enhancedStatusType"
   by adding an <lame> element of the "lameReasonType".

3.1.2.  Support for <iris:lookupEntity>

   The following types of entity classes are recognized by the
   <lookupEntity> query of IRIS for this registry:

   o  domain-name - the fully qualified name of a domain.  This a domain
      name as specified by RFC 1035 [7].  Yields a <domain>
      (Section 3.1.1) in the response.

   o  idn - the fully qualified name of a domain in nameprep form (see
      RFC 3491 [9]).  Yields a <domain> (Section 3.1.1) in the response.

3.2.  DCHK Formal XML Syntax

   This registry schema is specified in the XML Schema notation (see [1]
   and [2]).  The formal syntax presented here is a complete schema
   representation suitable for automated validation of an XML instance
   when combined with the formal schema syntax of IRIS.


   <?xml version="1.0"?>
   <schema xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
     xmlns:dchk="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:dchk1"
     xmlns:iris="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:iris1"
     targetNamespace="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:dchk1"
     elementFormDefault="qualified" >

     <import namespace="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:iris1" />




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     <annotation>
       <documentation>
         Domain availability check schema
         derived from IRIS schema
       </documentation>
     </annotation>

     <!-- ========================================= -->
     <!--                                           -->
     <!-- Result Types                              -->
     <!--                                           -->
     <!-- ========================================= -->

     <!--                                           -->
     <!-- Domain                                    -->
     <!--                                           -->

     <complexType
       name="domainType">
       <complexContent>
         <extension
           base="iris:resultType">
           <sequence>
             <element
               name="domainName"
               type="token" />
             <element
               name="idn"
               type="token"
               minOccurs="0"
               maxOccurs="1" />
             <element
               name="status"
               minOccurs="0"
               maxOccurs="1">
               <complexType>
                 <all>
                   <element
                     name="reservedDelegation"
                     minOccurs="0"
                     maxOccurs="1"
                     type="dchk:domainStatusType" />
                   <element
                     name="assignedAndActive"
                     minOccurs="0"
                     maxOccurs="1"
                     type="dchk:domainStatusType" />
                   <element



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                     name="assignedAndInactive"
                     minOccurs="0"
                     maxOccurs="1"
                     type="dchk:domainStatusType" />
                   <element
                     name="assignedAndOnHold"
                     minOccurs="0"
                     maxOccurs="1"
                     type="dchk:domainStatusType" />
                   <element
                     name="revoked"
                     minOccurs="0"
                     maxOccurs="1"
                     type="dchk:domainStatusType" />
                   <element
                     name="transferPending"
                     minOccurs="0"
                     maxOccurs="1"
                     type="dchk:domainStatusType" />
                   <element
                     name="registryLock"
                     minOccurs="0"
                     maxOccurs="1"
                     type="dchk:domainStatusType" />
                   <element
                     name="registrarLock"
                     minOccurs="0"
                     maxOccurs="1"
                     type="dchk:domainStatusType" />
                   <element
                     name="other"
                     minOccurs="0"
                     maxOccurs="1"
                     type="dchk:domainStatusType" />
                 </all>
               </complexType>
             </element>
             <element name="enhancedStatus"
               minOccurs="0"
               maxOccurs="1">
               <complexType>
                 <choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
                   <element
                     name="active"
                     type="dchk:enhancedStatusType" />
                   <element
                     name="inactive"
                     type="dchk:enhancedStatusType" />



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                   <element
                     name="lame"
                     type="dchk:lameEnhancedStatusType" />
                   <element
                     name="resolvable"
                     type="dchk:enhancedStatusType" />
                   <element
                     name="dispute"
                     type="dchk:enhancedStatusType" />
                   <element
                     name="renew"
                     type="dchk:enhancedStatusType" />
                   <element
                     name="addPeriod"
                     type="dchk:enhancedStatusType" />
                   <element
                     name="renewPeriod"
                     type="dchk:enhancedStatusType" />
                   <element
                     name="autoRenewPeriod"
                     type="dchk:enhancedStatusType" />
                   <element
                     name="transferPeriod"
                     type="dchk:enhancedStatusType" />
                   <element
                     name="redemptionPeriod"
                     type="dchk:enhancedStatusType" />
                   <element
                     name="restore"
                     type="dchk:enhancedStatusType" />
                   <element
                     name="policyCompliant"
                     type="dchk:enhancedStatusType" />
                   <element
                     name="policyNoncompliant"
                     type="dchk:enhancedStatusType" />
                   <element
                     name="reserved"
                     type="dchk:enhancedStatusType"/>
                   <element
                     name="create"
                     type="dchk:enhancedStatusType"/>
                   <element
                     name="delete"
                     type="dchk:enhancedStatusType"/>
                   <element
                     name="transfer"
                     type="dchk:enhancedStatusType"/>



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                   <element
                     name="update"
                     type="dchk:enhancedStatusType"/>
                   <element
                     name="other"
                     type="dchk:enhancedStatusType"/>
                 </choice>
               </complexType>
             </element>
             <element
               name="domainVariant"
               type="iris:entityType"
               minOccurs="0"
               maxOccurs="unbounded" />
             <element
               name="registrationReference"
               type="iris:entityType"
               minOccurs="0"
               maxOccurs="1" />
             <element
               name="initialDelegationDateTime"
               type="dateTime"
               minOccurs="0"
               maxOccurs="1" />
             <element
               name="lastDelegationModificationDateTime"
               type="dateTime"
               minOccurs="0"
               maxOccurs="1" />
             <element
               ref="iris:seeAlso"
               minOccurs="0"
               maxOccurs="unbounded" />
           </sequence>
         </extension>
       </complexContent>
     </complexType>

     <element
       name="domain"
       type="dchk:domainType"
       substitutionGroup="iris:result" />

     <complexType
       name="domainStatusType">
       <sequence>
         <element
           name="appliedDate"



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           type="dateTime"
           minOccurs="0"
           maxOccurs="1" />
         <element
           name="description"
           minOccurs="0"
           maxOccurs="unbounded">
           <complexType>
             <simpleContent>
               <extension
                 base="string">
                 <attribute
                   name="language"
                   type="language"
                   use="required" />
               </extension>
             </simpleContent>
           </complexType>
         </element>
       </sequence>
       <attribute
         name="scope"
         type="string" />
     </complexType>

     <complexType
       name="enhancedStatusType">
       <sequence>
         <element
           name="appliedDate"
           type="dateTime"
           minOccurs="0"
           maxOccurs="1" />
         <element
           name="ticket"
           type="token"
           minOccurs="0"
           maxOccurs="unbounded" />
         <element
           name="description"
           minOccurs="0"
           maxOccurs="unbounded">
           <complexType>
             <simpleContent>
               <extension
                 base="string">
                 <attribute
                   name="language"



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                   type="language"
                   use="required" />
               </extension>
             </simpleContent>
           </complexType>
         </element>
         <element
           name="subStatus"
           minOccurs="0"
           maxOccurs="1">
           <complexType>
             <simpleContent>
               <extension
                 base="token">
                 <attribute
                   type="token"
                   use="required"
                   name="authority"/>
               </extension>
             </simpleContent>
           </complexType>
         </element>
       </sequence>
       <attribute
         name="actor">
         <simpleType>
           <restriction
             base="string">
             <enumeration
               value="registry"/>
             <enumeration
               value="registrar"/>
             <enumeration
               value="registrationServiceProvider"/>
           </restriction>
         </simpleType>
       </attribute>
       <attribute
         name="disposition">
         <simpleType>
           <restriction
             base="string">
             <enumeration
               value="prohibited"/>
             <enumeration
               value="pending"/>
           </restriction>
         </simpleType>



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       </attribute>
       <attribute
         name="scope"
         type="token" />
     </complexType>

     <simpleType name="lameReasonType">
       <restriction base="string">
         <enumeration value="queryTimeout"/>
         <enumeration value="nonAuthoritativeAnswer"/>
         <enumeration value="unknownDomainName"/>
         <enumeration value="unknownHostName"/>
         <enumeration value="queryRefused"/>
         <enumeration value="connectionRefused"/>
         <enumeration value="canonicalName"/>
         <enumeration value="soaVersionNotInSync"/>
         <enumeration value="dnsProtocolLevelError"/>
         <enumeration value="other"/>
       </restriction>
     </simpleType>

     <complexType name="lameEnhancedStatusType">
       <complexContent>
         <extension base="dchk:enhancedStatusType">
           <sequence>
             <element name="lameReason"
               type="dchk:lameReasonType" />
           </sequence>
         </extension>
       </complexContent>
     </complexType>

   </schema>

   Figure 2: dchk.xsd

3.3.  BEEP Transport Compliance

   Though it is envisioned that a DCHK service will be deployed with a
   lightweight transport such as [12], it is still possible to use DCHK
   with the [5] transport.  The use of this transport is completely at
   the descretion of the server operator.

   IRIS allows several extensions of the core capabilities.  This
   section outlines those extensions allowable by IRIS-BEEP [5].






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3.3.1.  Message Pattern

   This registry type uses the default message pattern as described in
   IRIS-BEEP [5].

3.3.2.  Server Authentication

   This registry type uses the default server authentication method as
   described in IRIS-BEEP [5].

3.4.  URI Resolution

3.4.1.  Application Service Label

   The application service label associated with this registry type MUST
   be "DCHK1".  This is the abbreviated form of the URN for this
   registry type, urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:dchk1.

3.4.2.  Bottom-Up Resolution

   The bottom-up alternative resolution method MUST be identified as
   'bottom' in IRIS URI's.  Its process is identical to the 'bottom'
   process described by DREG2 [4].

3.4.3.  Top-Down Resolution

   The top-down alternative resolution method MUST be identified as
   'top' in IRIS URI's.  Its process is identical to the 'top' process
   described by DREG2 [4].






















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4.  Internationalization Considerations

   Implementers should be aware of considerations for
   internationalization in IRIS [3].

   Clients needing to localize the data tags in this protocol should
   take note that localization is only needed on the names of XML
   elements and attributes with the exception of elements containing
   date and time information.  The schema for this registry has been
   designed so that clients need not interpret the content of elements
   or attributes for localization, other than those elements containing
   date and time information.

   Clients should also make use of the <language> elements provided in
   many of the results.  Results containing data that may be in Unicode
   are accompanied by these elements in order to aid better presentation
   of the data to the user.

   The "appliedDate" element contains the XML Schema [1] data type
   "dateTime".  The contents of this element MUST be specified using the
   'Z' indicator for Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).






























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5.  IANA Considerations

5.1.  XML Namespace URN Registration

   This document makes use of a proposed XML namespace and schema
   registry specified in XML_URN [10].  Accordingly, the following
   registration information is provided for the IANA:

   o  XML Namespace URN/URI:

      *  urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:dchk1

   o  Contact:

      *  Andrew Newton <andy@hxr.us>

   o  XML:

      *  None.

   o  XML Schema URN/URI:

      *  urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:dchk1

   o  Contact:

      *  Andrew Newton <andy@hxr.us>

   o  XML:

      *  The XML Schema specified in Section 3.2

5.2.  S-NAPTR Registration

   The following S-NAPTR application service label will need to be
   registered with IANA according to the IANA considerations defined in
   IRIS [3]:

      DCHK1

5.3.  BEEP Registration

   The following BEEP Profile URI is to be registeried with IANA, in
   addition to the registration provided in IRIS-BEEP [5].

      http://iana.org/beep/iris1/dchk1





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6.  Security Considerations

   Being a proper subset of DREG2 [4], the registry described in this
   document has the same security considerations.















































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7.  References

7.1.  Normative References

   [1]   World Wide Web Consortium, "XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes",
         W3C XML Schema, October 2004,
         <http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/>.

   [2]   World Wide Web Consortium, "XML Schema Part 1: Structures",
         W3C XML Schema, October 2004,
         <http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-1/>.

   [3]   Newton, A. and M. Sanz, "Internet Registry Information
         Service", RFC 3981, January 2005.

   [4]   Newton, A. and F. Neves, "Domain Registry Version 2 for the
         Internet Registry Information Service",
         draft-ietf-crisp-iris-dreg2-01 (work in progress), May 2006.

   [5]   Newton, A. and M. Sanz, "Internet Registry Information Service
         (IRIS) over Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol (BEEP)",
         RFC 3983, January 2005.

   [6]   Hollenbeck, S., "Domain Registry Grace Period Mapping for the
         Extensible Provisioning Protocol (EPP)", RFC 3915,
         September 2004.

   [7]   Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - implementation and
         specification", STD 13, RFC 1035, November 1987.

   [8]   Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
         Levels", RFC 2119, BCP 14, March 1997.

   [9]   Hoffman, P. and M. Blanchet, "Nameprep: A Stringprep Profile
         for Internationalized Domain Names (IDN)", RFC 3491,
         March 2003.

   [10]  Mealling, M., "The IETF XML Registry",
         draft-mealling-iana-xmlns-registry-03 (work in progress),
         November 2001.

   [11]  Austein, R. and J. Saperia, "DNS Resolver MIB Extensions",
         RFC 1612, May 1994.

7.2.  Informative References

   [12]  Newton, A., "A Lightweight UDP Transport for IRIS",
         draft-ietf-crips-iris-lwz-06 (work in progress), January 2005.



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Author's Address

   Andrew L. Newton
   VeriSign, Inc.
   21345 Ridgetop Circle
   Sterling, VA  20166
   USA

   Phone: +1 703 948 3382
   Email: andy@hxr.us
   URI:   http://www.verisignlabs.com/








































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