Network Working Group Bob Thomas Internet Draft Cisco Systems, Inc. Expiration Date: May 2008 Ina Minei Juniper Networks November 2007 LDP Typed Wildcard FEC draft-ietf-mpls-ldp-typed-wildcard-02.txt Status of this Memo By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she becomes aware will be disclosed, in accordance with Section 6 of BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet- Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html. Copyright Notice Copyright (C) The IETF TRUST (2007). Abstract The LDP specification [RFC5036] for the Wildcard FEC element has several deficiencies. This document corrects those deficiencies. In addition, it specifies the Typed Wildcard FEC for the Prefix FEC Element Type defined in RFC5036. Thomas & Minei [Page 1] Internet Draft draft-ietf-mpls-ldp-typed-wildcard-02.txt November 2007 Table of Contents 1 Introduction ....................................... 2 2 Specification Language ............................. 3 3 The Typed Wildcard FEC Element ..................... 3 4 Procedures for the Typed Wildcard FEC Element ...... 4 5 Typed Wildcard FEC Capability ...................... 5 6 Typed Wildcard FEC Element for Prefix FEC Element .. 6 7 Host FEC and Wildcard FEC Elements ................. 7 8 IANA Considerations ................................ 7 9 Security Considerations ............................ 7 10 Acknowledgements ................................... 7 11 References ......................................... 8 12 Author Information ................................. 8 13 Intellectual Property Statement .................... 9 14 Full Copyright Statement ........................... 9 1. Introduction LDP [RFC5036] distributes labels for Forwarding Equivalence Classes (FECs). LDP uses FEC TLVs in LDP messages to specify FECs. An LDP FEC TLV includes 1 or more FEC Elements. A FEC element includes a FEC type and an optional type-dependent value. RFC5036 specifies two FEC types (Prefix and Wildcard), and other documents specify additional FEC types; e.g., see [PWE3] [MLDP]. As specified by RFC5036 the Wildcard FEC Element refers to all FECs relative to an optional constraint. The only constraint RFC5036 specifies is one that limits the scope of the Wildcard FEC Element to "all FECs bound to a given label". The RFC5036 specification of the Wildcard FEC Element has the following deficiencies which limit its utility: 1. The Wildcard FEC Element is untyped. There are situations where it would be useful to be able to refer to all FECs of a given type. Thomas & Minei [Page 2] Internet Draft draft-ietf-mpls-ldp-typed-wildcard-02.txt November 2007 2. Use of the Wildcard FEC Element is limited to Label Withdraw and Label Release messages only. There are situations where it would be useful in Label Request messages. This document: - Addresses the above deficiencies by defining a Typed Wildcard FEC Element and procedures for its use. - Specifies use of the LDP capability mechanism [LDPCap] at session establishment time for informing a peer that an LDP speaker is capable of handling the Typed Wildcast FEC. - Specifies the Typed Wildcard FEC Element for the Prefix FEC Element specified by RFC5036. Note that this document does not change procedures specified for the LDP Wildcard FEC Element by RFC5036. 2. Specification Language The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119]. 3. The Typed Wildcard FEC Element The Typed Wildcard FEC Element refers to all FECs of a given type relative to an optional constraint. The constraint, if present, is determined from the context in which the Typed Wildcard FEC Element appears. The format of the Typed Wildcard FEC Element is: 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Typed (IANA) | FEC Element | Len FEC Type | | | Wildcard | Type | Info | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | | ~ Additional FEC Type-specific Information ~ | | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Thomas & Minei [Page 3] Internet Draft draft-ietf-mpls-ldp-typed-wildcard-02.txt November 2007 where: Typed Wildcard: One octet FEC Element Type (to be assigned by IANA). FEC Element Type: One octet FEC Element Type that specifies the FEC Element Type to be wildcarded. Len FEC Type Info: One octet that specifies the length of the FEC Type Specific information field. MUST be 0 if there is no Additional FEC Type-specific Information. Additional FEC Type-specific Information: Additional information specific to the FEC Element Type required to fully specify the Typed Wildcard. Specification of the length and format of Additional FEC Type Specific Information for particular FEC Element Types is outside of the scope of this document. It is the responsibility of the designer of the FEC Element Type to specify the length and format of any Additional FEC Type Specific Information. 4. Procedures for the Typed Wildcard FEC Element It is the responsibility of the designer of the FEC Element Type to determine whether typed wildcarding makes sense the FEC Element Type. If typed wildcarding does make sense the specification for the FEC Element Type MUST include support for it. When typed wildcarding is supported for a FEC Element Type it is the responsibility of the designer to specify the length and format of any Additional FEC Type Specific Information. When a FEC TLV contains a Typed Wildcard FEC Element the Typed Wildcard FEC Element MUST be the only FEC Element in the TLV. An LDP implementation that supports the Typed Wildcard FEC Element MUST support its use in Label Request, Label Withdraw and Label Release messages. An LDP implementation that supports the Typed Wildcard FEC Element MUST support it for every FEC Element Type implemented for which it is defined. Receipt of a Label Request message with a FEC TLV containing a Typed Wildcard FEC Element is interpreted as a request to send a Label Thomas & Minei [Page 4] Internet Draft draft-ietf-mpls-ldp-typed-wildcard-02.txt November 2007 Mapping for all FECs of the type specified by the FEC Element Type field in the Typed Wildcard FEC Element encoding. An LDP implementation that supports the Typed Wildcard FEC Element MUST support the following constraints whenever a Typed Wildcard FEC appears in a Label Withdraw or Label Release message: 1. If the message carries an optional Label TLV the Typed Wildcard FEC Element refers to all FECs of the specified FEC type bound to the specified label. 2. If the message has no Label TLV the Typed Wildcard FEC Element refers to all FECs of the specified FEC type. Backwards compatibility with a router not supporting the Typed Wildcard FEC element is ensured by the FEC procedures defined in RFC5036. Quoting from RFC5036: "If it" [an LSR] "encounters a FEC Element type it cannot decode, it SHOULD stop decoding the FEC TLV, abort processing the message containing the TLV, and send an "Unknown FEC" Notification message to its LDP peer signaling an error." A router receiving a FEC TLV containing a Typed Wildcard FEC element for a FEC Element Type that it either doesn't support or for a FEC Element Type that doesn't support the use of wildcarding MUST stop decoding the FEC TLV, abort processing the message containing the TLV, and send an "Unknown FEC" Notification message to its LDP peer signaling an error. 5. Typed Wildcard FEC Capability As noted above RFC5056 FEC procedures provide for backward compatibility with a LSR not supporting the Typed Wildcard FEC Element. However, they don't provide means for LSR wishing to use the Typed Wildcard FEC Element to determine whether a peer supports it other than to send a message that uses the FEC Element and to wait and see how the peer responds. An LDP speaker that supports the Typed Wildcard FEC Element MUST inform its peers of the support by including a Typed Wildcard FEC Element Capability Parameter [LDPCap] in its Initialization messages. The Capability Parameter for the Typed Wildcard FEC capability is a TLV with the following format: Thomas & Minei [Page 5] Internet Draft draft-ietf-mpls-ldp-typed-wildcard-02.txt November 2007 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |U|F|Typed WCard FEC Cap (IANA) | Length | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |S| Reserved | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ where: U and F bits: As specified by RFC5036. Typed WCard FEC Cap: TLV code point for the Typed Wildcard FEC capability (to be assigned by IANA). S-bit: Must be 1 (indicates that capability is being advertised). 6. Typed Wildcard FEC Element for Prefix FEC Element RFC5036 defines the Prefix FEC Element but it does not specify a Typed Wildcard for it. This section specifies the Typed Wildcard FEC Element for Prefix FEC Elements. The format of the Prefix FEC Typed Wildcard FEC ("Prefix FEC Wildcard" for short) is: 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Typed WCard | Prefix (2) | 2 | Address... | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | ...Family | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Address Family: Two octet quantity containing a value from ADDRESS FAMILY NUMBERS in [IANA-AF]. The procedures of Section 4 apply to the Prefix FEC Wildcard. Thomas & Minei [Page 6] Internet Draft draft-ietf-mpls-ldp-typed-wildcard-02.txt November 2007 7. Host FEC and Wildcard FEC Elements There is no need to specify Typed Wildcard FEC Elements for the Host FEC Element specified by [RFC3036] nor for the Wildcard FEC Element specified by RFC5036. The [RFC3036] Host FEC Element has been removed from RFC5036, and the Wildcard FEC Element is untyped by definition. 8. IANA Considerations This draft introduces a new LDP FEC Element Type and a new LDP Capability both of which require code points. The Typed Wildcard FEC Element requires a code point from the LDP FEC Type name space. [RFC5036] partitions the FEC TYPE name space into 3 regions: IETF Consensus region, First Come First Served region, and Private Use region. The authors recommend that the code point 0x05 from the IETF Consensus range be assigned to the Typed Wildcard FEC Element. The Typed Wildcard FEC Capability requires a code point from the TLV Type name space. [RFC5036] partitions the TLV TYPE name space into 3 regions: IETF Consensus region, First Come First Served region, and Private Use region. The authors recommend that a code point from the IETF Consensus range be assigned to the Typed Wildcard FEC Capability. 9. Security Considerations No security considerations beyond those that apply to the base LDP specification and described in [RFC5036] apply to use of the Typed Wildcard FEC Element defined in this document. 10. Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank Yakov Rehkter for suggesting that the deficiencies of the Wildcard FEC be addressed. Thomas & Minei [Page 7] Internet Draft draft-ietf-mpls-ldp-typed-wildcard-02.txt November 2007 11. References Normative References [RFC5036] Andersson, L., Minei, I., Thomas, B., Editors, "LDP Specification", RFC 5036, October 2007. [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC2119, March 1997. [LDPCap] Thomas, B., Aggarwal, S., Aggarwal, R., Le Roux, J.L., "LDP Capabilities", draft-ietf-mpls-ldp-capabilities-00, Work in Progress, May 2007. [IANA-AF] http://www.iana.org/assignments/address-family-numbers Informative References [RFC3036] Andersson, L., Doolan, P., Feldman, N., Fredette, A. and Thomas, B., "LDP Specification", RFC 3036, January 2001. [PWE3] Martini, L., Editor, "Pseudowire Setup and Maintenance Using the Label Distribution Protocol (LDP)", RFC 4447, April 2006. [MLDP] Minei, I., Wijnands, I., Editors, "Label Distribution Protocol Extensions for Point-to-Multipoint and Multipoint-to- Multipoint Label Switched Paths", draft-ietf-mpls-ldp-p2mp-03.txt, Work in Progress, July 2007. 12. Author Information Bob Thomas Cisco Systems, Inc. 1414 Massachusetts Ave. Boxborough MA 01719 Email: rhthomas@cisco.com Ina Minei Juniper Networks 1194 North Mathilda Ave. Sunnyvale, CA 94089 Email: ina@juniper.net Thomas & Minei [Page 8] Internet Draft draft-ietf-mpls-ldp-typed-wildcard-02.txt November 2007 13. Intellectual Property Statement The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed to pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in this document or the extent to which any license under such rights might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has made any independent effort to identify any such rights. Information on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be found in BCP 78 and BCP 79. Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of such proprietary rights by implementers or users of this specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR repository at http://www.ietf.org/ipr. The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary rights that may cover technology that may be required to implement this standard. Please address the information to the IETF at ietf- ipr@ietf.org. 14. Full Copyright Statement Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2007). This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors retain all their rights. This document and the information contained herein are provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY, THE IETF TRUST AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. 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