Regenerators: Basics
• 1R
– Equal amplification of all frequencies within the amplification
bandwidth. There is no restriction upon information formats.
– Amplification with different gain for frequencies within the
amplification bandwidth. This could be applied to both single-
channel and multi-channel systems.
– Dispersion compensation (phase distortion). This analogue process
can be applied in either single-channel or multi-channel systems.
• 2R (any or all 1R functions plus:)
– Digital reshaping (Schmitt Trigger function) with no clock
recovery. This is applicable to individual channels and can be used
for different bit rates but is not transparent to line coding
(modulation).
• 3R (any or all 1R and 2R functions plus:)
– Complete regeneration of the pulse shape including clock recovery
and retiming within required jitter limits.
75th IETF – Stockholm, Sweden, July 2009
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