< draft-gomez-6lo-blemesh-01.txt   draft-gomez-6lo-blemesh-02.txt >
6Lo Working Group C. Gomez 6Lo Working Group C. Gomez
Internet-Draft S. Darroudi Internet-Draft S. Darroudi
Intended status: Standards Track UPC/i2cat Intended status: Standards Track UPC/i2cat
Expires: January 6, 2017 T. Savolainen Expires: May 4, 2017 T. Savolainen
Nokia Nokia
July 5, 2016 October 31, 2016
IPv6 over BLUETOOTH(R) Low Energy Mesh Networks IPv6 Mesh over Bluetooth(R) Low Energy using IPSP
draft-gomez-6lo-blemesh-01 draft-gomez-6lo-blemesh-02
Abstract Abstract
RFC 7668 describes the adaptation of 6LoWPAN techniques to enable RFC 7668 describes the adaptation of 6LoWPAN techniques to enable
IPv6 over Bluetooth low energy networks that follow the star IPv6 over Bluetooth low energy networks that follow the star
topology. However, recent Bluetooth specifications allow the topology. However, recent Bluetooth specifications allow the
formation of extended topologies as well. This document defines how formation of extended topologies as well. This document specifies
IPv6 is transported over Bluetooth low energy mesh networks. the mechanisms needed to enable IPv6 over mesh networks composed of
Bluetooth low energy links established by using the Bluetooth
Internet Protocol Support Profile.
Status of This Memo Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
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This Internet-Draft will expire on January 6, 2017. This Internet-Draft will expire on May 4, 2017.
Copyright Notice Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2016 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the Copyright (c) 2016 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved. document authors. All rights reserved.
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Table of Contents Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1. Terminology and Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1. Terminology and Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Bluetooth LE Mesh Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Bluetooth LE Networks and the IPSP . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. Specification of IPv6 over Bluetooth LE mesh networks . . . . 3 3. Specification of IPv6 mesh over Bluetooth LE networks . . . . 3
3.1. Protocol stack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3.1. Protocol stack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2. Subnet model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3.2. Subnet model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.3. Link model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.3. Link model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.3.1. Stateless address autoconfiguration . . . . . . . . . 5 3.3.1. Stateless address autoconfiguration . . . . . . . . . 5
3.3.2. Neighbor Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.3.2. Neighbor Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.3.3. Header compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.3.3. Header compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.3.4. Unicast and multicast mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.3.4. Unicast and multicast mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 4. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 5. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 6. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
7. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 7. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
7.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 7.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
7.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 7.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1. Introduction 1. Introduction
Bluetooth low energy (hereinafter, Bluetooth LE) was first introduced Bluetooth low energy (hereinafter, Bluetooth LE) was first introduced
in the Bluetooth 4.0 specification. Bluetooth LE (which has been in the Bluetooth 4.0 specification. Bluetooth LE (which has been
marketed as Bluetooth Smart) is a low-power wireless technology marketed as Bluetooth Smart) is a low-power wireless technology
designed for short-range control and monitoring applications. designed for short-range control and monitoring applications.
Bluetooth LE is currently implemented in a wide range of consumer Bluetooth LE is currently implemented in a wide range of consumer
electronics devices, such as smartphones and wearable devices. Given electronics devices, such as smartphones and wearable devices. Given
the high potential of this technology for the Internet of Things, the the high potential of this technology for the Internet of Things, the
Bluetooth Special Interest Group (Bluetooth SIG) and the IETF have Bluetooth Special Interest Group (Bluetooth SIG) and the IETF have
produced specifications in order to enable IPv6 over Bluetooth LE, produced specifications in order to enable IPv6 over Bluetooth LE,
such as the Internet Protocol Support Profile (IPSP) [IPSP], and RFC such as the Internet Protocol Support Profile (IPSP) [IPSP], and RFC
7668, respectively. Bluetooth 4.0 only supports Bluetooth LE 7668, respectively. Bluetooth 4.0 only supports Bluetooth LE
networks that follow the star topology. In consequence, RFC 7668 was networks that follow the star topology. In consequence, RFC 7668 was
specifically developed and optimized for that type of network specifically developed and optimized for that type of network
topology. However, subsequent Bluetooth specifications allow the topology. However, subsequent Bluetooth specifications allow the
formation of extended topologies [BTCorev4.1], such as the mesh formation of extended topologies [BTCorev4.1], such as the mesh
topology. The functionality described in RFC 7668 is not sufficient topology. The functionality described in RFC 7668 is not sufficient
and would fail to enable IPv6 over Bluetooth LE mesh networks. This and would fail to enable IPv6 over mesh networks composed of
document specifies the mechanisms needed to enable IPv6 over Bluetooth LE links. This document specifies the mechanisms needed to
Bluetooth LE mesh networks. This specification also allows to run enable IPv6 over mesh networks composed of Bluetooth LE links. This
IPv6 over Bluetooth LE star topology networks, albeit without all the specification also allows to run IPv6 over Bluetooth LE star topology
topology-specific optimizations contained in RFC 7668. networks, albeit without all the topology-specific optimizations
contained in RFC 7668.
1.1. Terminology and Requirements Language 1.1. Terminology and Requirements Language
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119]. document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].
The terms 6LoWPAN Node (6LN), 6LoWPAN Router (6LR) and 6LoWPAN Border The terms 6LoWPAN Node (6LN), 6LoWPAN Router (6LR) and 6LoWPAN Border
Router (6LBR) are defined as in [RFC6775], with an addition that Router (6LBR) are defined as in [RFC6775], with an addition that
Bluetooth LE central and Bluetooth LE peripheral (see Section 2) can Bluetooth LE central and Bluetooth LE peripheral (see Section 2) can
both be adopted by a 6LN, a 6LR or a 6LBR. both be adopted by a 6LN, a 6LR or a 6LBR.
2. Bluetooth LE Mesh Networks 2. Bluetooth LE Networks and the IPSP
Bluetooth LE defines two Generic Access Profile (GAP) roles of Bluetooth LE defines two Generic Access Profile (GAP) roles of
relevance herein: the Bluetooth LE central role and the Bluetooth LE relevance herein: the Bluetooth LE central role and the Bluetooth LE
peripheral role. A device in the central role, which is called peripheral role. A device in the central role, which is called
central from now on, has traditionally been able to manage multiple central from now on, has traditionally been able to manage multiple
simultaneous connections with a number of devices in the peripheral simultaneous connections with a number of devices in the peripheral
role, called peripherals hereinafter. Bluetooth 4.1 introduced the role, called peripherals hereinafter. Bluetooth 4.1 introduced the
possibility for a peripheral to be connected to more than one central possibility for a peripheral to be connected to more than one central
simultaneously, therefore allowing extended topologies beyond the simultaneously, therefore allowing extended topologies beyond the
star topology for a Bluetooth LE network. In addition, a device may star topology for a Bluetooth LE network. In addition, a device may
simultaneously be a central in a set of link layer connections, as simultaneously be a central in a set of link layer connections, as
well as a peripheral in others. On the other hand, the IPSP enables well as a peripheral in others. On the other hand, the IPSP enables
discovery of IP-enabled devices and the establishment of a link layer discovery of IP-enabled devices and the establishment of a link layer
connection for transporting IPv6 packets. The IPSP defines the Node connection for transporting IPv6 packets. The IPSP defines the Node
and Router roles for devices that consume/originate IPv6 packets and and Router roles for devices that consume/originate IPv6 packets and
for devices that can route IPv6 packets, respectively. Consistently for devices that can route IPv6 packets, respectively. Consistently
with Bluetooth 4.1, a device may implement both roles simultaneously. with Bluetooth 4.1, a device may implement both roles simultaneously.
This document assumes a Bluetooth LE mesh network whereby link layer This document assumes a mesh network composed of Bluetooth LE links,
connections have been established between neighboring IPv6-enabled where link layer connections have been established between
devices. In an IPv6-enabled Bluetooth LE mesh network, a node is a neighboring IPv6-enabled devices. The IPv6 forwarding devices of the
neighbor of another node, and vice versa, if a link layer connection mesh have to implement both Node and Router roles, while simpler
has been established between both by using the IPSP functionality for leaf-only nodes can implement only the Node role. In an IPv6-enabled
discovery and link layer connection establishment for IPv6 packet mesh of Bluetooth LE links, a node is a neighbor of another node, and
transport. vice versa, if a link layer connection has been established between
both by using the IPSP functionality for discovery and link layer
3. Specification of IPv6 over Bluetooth LE mesh networks connection establishment for IPv6 packet transport.
3. Specification of IPv6 mesh over Bluetooth LE networks
3.1. Protocol stack 3.1. Protocol stack
Figure 1 illustrates the protocol stack for IPv6-enabled Bluetooth LE Figure 1 illustrates the protocol stack for IPv6 mesh over Bluetooth
mesh networks. There are two main differences with the IPv6 over LE networks. There are two main differences with the IPv6 over
Bluetooth LE stack in RFC 7668: a) the adaptation layer below IPv6 Bluetooth LE stack in RFC 7668: a) the adaptation layer below IPv6
(labelled as "6Lo for Bluetooth LE mesh") is now adapted for (labelled as "6Lo for mesh of Bluetooth LE") is now adapted for mesh
Bluetooth LE mesh networks, and b) the protocol stack for IPv6 over networks of Bluetooth LE links, and b) the protocol stack for IPv6
Bluetooth LE mesh networks includes IPv6 routing functionality. mesh networks of Bluetooth LE links includes IPv6 routing
functionality.
+----------------------------+ +------------------------------------+
| Application | | Application |
+---------+ +----------------------------+ +---------+ +------------------------------------+
| IPSS | | UDP/TCP/other | | IPSS | | UDP/TCP/other |
+---------+ +----------------------------+ +---------+ +------------------------------------+
| GATT | | IPv6 |routing| | | GATT | | IPv6 |routing| |
+---------+ +----------------------------+ +---------+ +------------------------------------+
| ATT | | 6Lo for Bluetooth LE Mesh | | ATT | | 6Lo for IPv6 mesh over Bluetooh LE |
+---------+--+----------------------------+ +---------+--+------------------------------------+
| Bluetooth LE L2CAP | | Bluetooth LE L2CAP |
- - +-----------------------------------------+- - - HCI - - +-------------------------------------------------+- - - HCI
| Bluetooth LE Link Layer | | Bluetooth LE Link Layer |
+-----------------------------------------+ +-------------------------------------------------+
| Bluetooth LE Physical | | Bluetooth LE Physical |
+-----------------------------------------+ +-------------------------------------------------+
Figure 1: Protocol stack for IPv6-enabled Bluetooth LE mesh networks Figure 1: Protocol stack for IPv6 mesh over Bluetooth LE.
3.2. Subnet model 3.2. Subnet model
For IPv6-based Bluetooth LE mesh networks, a multilink model has been For IPv6 mesh over Bluetooth LE, a multilink model has been chosen,
chosen, as further illustrated in Figure 2. As IPv6 over Bluetooth as further illustrated in Figure 2. As IPv6 over Bluetooth LE is
LE is intended for constrained nodes, and for Internet of Things use intended for constrained nodes, and for Internet of Things use cases
cases and environments, the complexity of implementing a separate and environments, the complexity of implementing a separate subnet on
subnet on each peripheral-central link and routing between the each peripheral-central link and routing between the subnets appears
subnets appears to be excessive. In this specification, the benefits to be excessive. In this specification, the benefits of treating the
of treating the collection of point-to-point links between a central collection of point-to-point links between a central and its
and its connected peripherals as a single multilink subnet rather connected peripherals as a single multilink subnet rather than a
than a multiplicity of separate subnets are considered to outweigh multiplicity of separate subnets are considered to outweigh the
the multilink model's drawbacks as described in [RFC4903]. multilink model's drawbacks as described in [RFC4903].
/ /
.--------------------------------. / .--------------------------------. /
/ 6LR 6LN 6LN \ / / 6LR 6LN 6LN \ /
/ \ \ \ \ / / \ \ \ \ /
| \ \ \ | / | \ \ \ | /
| 6LN ----- 6LR --------- 6LR ------ 6LBR ----- | Internet | 6LN ----- 6LR --------- 6LR ------ 6LBR ----- | Internet
| <--Link--> <---Link--->/<--Link->/ | | | <--Link--> <---Link--->/<--Link->/ | |
\ / / / \ \ / / / \
\ 6LN ---- 6LR ----- 6LR / \ \ 6LN ---- 6LR ----- 6LR / \
'--------------------------------' \ '--------------------------------' \
\ \
<------------ Subnet -----------------><---- IPv6 connection --> <------------ Subnet -----------------><---- IPv6 connection -->
to the Internet to the Internet
Figure 2: Example of an IPv6-based Bluetooth LE mesh network Figure 2: Example of an IPv6 mesh over a Bluetooth LE network
connected to the Internet connected to the Internet
One or more 6LBRs are connected to the Internet. 6LNs are connected One or more 6LBRs are connected to the Internet. 6LNs are connected
to the network through a 6LR or a 6LBR. A prefix is used on the to the network through a 6LR or a 6LBR. A prefix is used on the
whole subnet. whole subnet.
IPv6-enabled Bluetooth LE mesh networks MUST follow a route-over IPv6 mesh networks over Bluetooth LE MUST follow a route-over
approach. This document does not specify the routing protocol to be approach. This document does not specify the routing protocol to be
used in an IPv6-enabled Bluetooth LE mesh network. used in an IPv6 mesh over Bluetooth LE.
3.3. Link model 3.3. Link model
3.3.1. Stateless address autoconfiguration 3.3.1. Stateless address autoconfiguration
6LN, 6LR and 6LBR IPv6 addresses of a Bluetooth LE mesh network are 6LN, 6LR and 6LBR IPv6 addresses in an IPv6 mesh over Bluetooth LE
configured as per section 3.2.2 of RFC 7668. are configured as per section 3.2.2 of RFC 7668.
Multihop DAD functionality as defined in section 8.2 of RFC 6775, or Multihop DAD functionality as defined in section 8.2 of RFC 6775, or
some substitute mechanism (see section 3.3.2), MUST be supported. some substitute mechanism (see section 3.3.2), MUST be supported.
3.3.2. Neighbor Discovery 3.3.2. Neighbor Discovery
'Neighbor Discovery Optimization for IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless 'Neighbor Discovery Optimization for IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless
Personal Area Networks (6LoWPANs)' [RFC6775] describes the neighbor Personal Area Networks (6LoWPANs)' [RFC6775] describes the neighbor
discovery approach as adapted for use in several 6LoWPAN topologies, discovery approach as adapted for use in several 6LoWPAN topologies,
including the mesh topology. The route-over functionality of RFC including the mesh topology. The route-over functionality of RFC
skipping to change at page 6, line 18 skipping to change at page 6, line 18
Address Registration Option (ARO) and process the Neighbor Address Registration Option (ARO) and process the Neighbor
Advertisement (NA) accordingly. The NS with the ARO option MUST be Advertisement (NA) accordingly. The NS with the ARO option MUST be
sent irrespective of the method used to generate the IID. The ARO sent irrespective of the method used to generate the IID. The ARO
option requires use of an EUI-64 identifier [RFC6775]. In the case option requires use of an EUI-64 identifier [RFC6775]. In the case
of Bluetooth LE, the field SHALL be filled with the 48-bit device of Bluetooth LE, the field SHALL be filled with the 48-bit device
address used by the Bluetooth LE node converted into 64-bit Modified address used by the Bluetooth LE node converted into 64-bit Modified
EUI-64 format [RFC4291]. EUI-64 format [RFC4291].
If the 6LN registers for a same compression context multiple If the 6LN registers for a same compression context multiple
addresses that are not based on Bluetooth device address, the header addresses that are not based on Bluetooth device address, the header
compression efficiency will decrease (see the next subsection). compression efficiency will decrease.
2. For sending Router Solicitations and processing Router 2. For sending Router Solicitations and processing Router
Advertisements the Bluetooth LE 6LNs MUST, respectively, follow Advertisements the Bluetooth LE 6LNs MUST, respectively, follow
Sections 5.3 and 5.4 of the [RFC6775]. Sections 5.3 and 5.4 of the [RFC6775].
3. The router behavior for 6LRs and 6LBRs is described in Section 6 3. The router behavior for 6LRs and 6LBRs is described in Section 6
of RFC 6775. However, as per this specification, routers SHALL NOT of RFC 6775. However, as per this specification, routers SHALL NOT
use multicast NSs to discover other routers' link layer addresses. use multicast NSs to discover other routers' link layer addresses.
4. Border router behavior is described in Section 7 of RFC 6775. 4. Border router behavior is described in Section 7 of RFC 6775.
skipping to change at page 7, line 6 skipping to change at page 7, line 6
LE. All headers MUST be compressed according to RFC 6282 [RFC6282] LE. All headers MUST be compressed according to RFC 6282 [RFC6282]
encoding formats. encoding formats.
To enable efficient header compression, when the 6LBR sends a Router To enable efficient header compression, when the 6LBR sends a Router
Advertisement it MUST include a 6LoWPAN Context Option (6CO) Advertisement it MUST include a 6LoWPAN Context Option (6CO)
[RFC6775] matching each address prefix advertised via a Prefix [RFC6775] matching each address prefix advertised via a Prefix
Information Option (PIO) [RFC4861] for use in stateless address Information Option (PIO) [RFC4861] for use in stateless address
autoconfiguration. autoconfiguration.
The specific optimizations of RFC 7668 for header compression, which The specific optimizations of RFC 7668 for header compression, which
exploit the star topology and ARO, cannot be generalized in a exploit the star topology and ARO, cannot be generalized in a mesh
Bluetooth LE mesh network. Still, a subset of those optimizations network composed of Bluetooth LE links. Still, a subset of those
can be applied in some cases in a Bluetooth LE mesh network. In optimizations can be applied in some cases in such a network. In
particular, the latter comprise link-local interactions, non-link- particular, the latter comprise link-local interactions, non-link-
local packet transmissions originated and performed by a 6LN, and local packet transmissions originated and performed by a 6LN, and
non-link-local packet transmissions originated by a 6LN neighbor and non-link-local packet transmissions originated by a 6LN neighbor and
sent to a 6LN. For the rest of packet transmissions, context-based sent to a 6LN. For the rest of packet transmissions, context-based
compression MAY be used. compression MAY be used.
When a device transmits a packet to a neighbor, the sender MUST fully When a device transmits a packet to a neighbor, the sender MUST fully
elide the source IID if the source IPv6 address is the link-local elide the source IID if the source IPv6 address is the link-local
address based on the sender's Bluetooth device address (SAC=0, address based on the sender's Bluetooth device address (SAC=0,
SAM=11). The sender also MUST fully elide the destination IPv6 SAM=11). The sender also MUST fully elide the destination IPv6
skipping to change at page 8, line 13 skipping to change at page 8, line 13
listeners for multicast groups the packets belong to. listeners for multicast groups the packets belong to.
4. IANA Considerations 4. IANA Considerations
There are no IANA considerations related to this document. There are no IANA considerations related to this document.
5. Security Considerations 5. Security Considerations
The security considerations in RFC 7668 apply. The security considerations in RFC 7668 apply.
IPv6-enabled Bluetooth LE mesh networks require a routing protocol to IPv6 mesh networks over Bluetooth LE require a routing protocol to
find end-to-end paths. Unfortunately, the routing protocol may find end-to-end paths. Unfortunately, the routing protocol may
generate additional opportunities for threats and attacks to the generate additional opportunities for threats and attacks to the
network. network.
RFC 7416 [RFC 7416] provides a systematic overview of threats and RFC 7416 [RFC 7416] provides a systematic overview of threats and
attacks on the IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks attacks on the IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks
(RPL), as well as countermeasures. While this specification does not (RPL), as well as countermeasures. In that document, described
state the routing protocol to be used in IPv6-enabled Bluetooth LE threats and attacks comprise threats due to failures to authenticate,
mesh networks, the guidance of RFC 7416 is useful when RPL is used in threats due to failure to keep routing information, threats and
such scenarios. Furthermore, such guidance may partly apply for attacks on integrity, and threats and attacks on availability.
other routing protocols as well. Reported countermeasures comprise confidentiality attack, integrity
attack, and availability attack countermeasures.
While this specification does not state the routing protocol to be
used in IPv6 mesh over Bluetooth LE networks, the guidance of RFC
7416 is useful when RPL is used in such scenarios. Furthermore, such
guidance may partly apply for other routing protocols as well.
6. Acknowledgements 6. Acknowledgements
The Bluetooth, Bluetooth Smart and Bluetooth Smart Ready marks are The Bluetooth, Bluetooth Smart and Bluetooth Smart Ready marks are
registered trademarks owned by Bluetooth SIG, Inc. registered trademarks owned by Bluetooth SIG, Inc.
The authors of this document are grateful to all RFC 7668 authors, The authors of this document are grateful to all RFC 7668 authors,
since this document borrows many concepts (albeit, with necessary since this document borrows many concepts (albeit, with necessary
extensions) from RFC 7668. extensions) from RFC 7668.
The authors also thank Alain Michaud, Mark Powell and Martin Turon
for their comments, which helped improve the document.
Carles Gomez has been supported in part by the Spanish Government Carles Gomez has been supported in part by the Spanish Government
Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad through project Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad through project
TEC2012-32531, and FEDER. TEC2012-32531, and FEDER.
7. References 7. References
7.1. Normative References 7.1. Normative References
[BTCorev4.1] [BTCorev4.1]
Bluetooth Special Interest Group, "Bluetooth Core Bluetooth Special Interest Group, "Bluetooth Core
Specification Version 4.1", December 2013, Specification Version 4.1", December 2013,
<https://www.bluetooth.org/en-us/specification/adopted- <https://www.bluetooth.org/en-us/specification/adopted-
specifications>. specifications>.
[IPSP] Bluetooth Special Interest Group, "Bluetooth Internet [IPSP] Bluetooth Special Interest Group, "Bluetooth Internet
Protocol Support Profile Specification Version 1.0.0", Protocol Support Profile Specification Version 1.0.0",
skipping to change at page 10, line 4 skipping to change at page 10, line 12
DOI 10.17487/RFC4903, June 2007, DOI 10.17487/RFC4903, June 2007,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4903>. <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4903>.
[RFC7416] Tsao, T., Alexander, R., Dohler, M., Daza, V., Lozano, A., [RFC7416] Tsao, T., Alexander, R., Dohler, M., Daza, V., Lozano, A.,
and M. Richardson, Ed., "A Security Threat Analysis for and M. Richardson, Ed., "A Security Threat Analysis for
the Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks the Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks
(RPLs)", RFC 7416, DOI 10.17487/RFC7416, January 2015, (RPLs)", RFC 7416, DOI 10.17487/RFC7416, January 2015,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7416>. <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7416>.
Authors' Addresses Authors' Addresses
Carles Gomez Carles Gomez
Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya/Fundacio i2cat Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya/Fundacio i2cat
C/Esteve Terradas, 7 C/Esteve Terradas, 7
Castelldefels 08860 Castelldefels 08860
Spain Spain
Email: carlesgo@entel.upc.edu Email: carlesgo@entel.upc.edu
Seyed Mahdi Darroudi Seyed Mahdi Darroudi
Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya/Fundacio i2cat Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya/Fundacio i2cat
C/Esteve Terradas, 7 C/Esteve Terradas, 7
Castelldefels 08860 Castelldefels 08860
Spain Spain
Email: s.darroudi2014@yahoo.com Email: sm.darroudi@entel.upc.edu
Teemu Savolainen Teemu Savolainen
Nokia Nokia Technologies
Visiokatu 3 Hatanpaan valtatie 30
Tampere 33720 Tampere 33100
Finland Finland
Email: teemu.savolainen@nokia.com Email: teemu.savolainen@nokia.com
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