< draft-gomez-6lo-schc-15dot4-00.txt   draft-gomez-6lo-schc-15dot4-01.txt >
6lo Working Group C. Gomez 6lo Working Group C.G. Gomez
Internet-Draft UPC Internet-Draft UPC
Intended status: Standards Track A. Minaburo Intended status: Standards Track A.M. Minaburo
Expires: January 11, 2022 Acklio Expires: 26 April 2022 Acklio
July 10, 2021 October 2021
Transmission of SCHC-compressed packets over IEEE 802.15.4 networks Transmission of SCHC-compressed packets over IEEE 802.15.4 networks
draft-gomez-6lo-schc-15dot4-00 draft-gomez-6lo-schc-15dot4-01
Abstract Abstract
A framework called Static Context Header Compression and A framework called Static Context Header Compression and
fragmentation (SCHC) has been designed with the primary goal of fragmentation (SCHC) has been designed with the primary goal of
supporting IPv6 over Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technologies supporting IPv6 over Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technologies
[RFC8724]. One of the SCHC components is a header compression [RFC8724]. One of the SCHC components is a header compression
mechanism. If used properly, SCHC header compression allows a mechanism. If used properly, SCHC header compression allows a
greater compression ratio than that achievable with traditional greater compression ratio than that achievable with traditional
6LoWPAN header compression [RFC6282]. For this reason, it may make 6LoWPAN header compression [RFC6282]. For this reason, it may make
skipping to change at page 1, line 40 skipping to change at page 1, line -198
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Copyright Notice Copyright Notice
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Table of Contents Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1. Requirements language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.1. Requirements language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.2. Background on SCHC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.2. Background on SCHC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3. Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3. Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.1. Network topologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3.1. Network topologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2. Protocol stack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3.2. Protocol stack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4. Frame Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4. Frame Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4.1. SCHC Dispatch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4.1. SCHC Dispatch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.2. Padding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4.2. SCHC Header . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.3. Padding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5. SCHC compression for IPv6, UDP, and CoAP headers . . . . . . 6 5. SCHC compression for IPv6, UDP, and CoAP headers . . . . . . 6
6. Fragmentation and reassembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5.1. SCHC compression for IPv6 and UDP headers . . . . . . . . 6
7. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5.1.1. Compression of IPv6 addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
8. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5.1.2. Compression of UDP ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
9. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5.2. SCHC compression for CoAP headers . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
10. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5.3. Header compression examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
10.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 6. Fragmentation and reassembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
10.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 7. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 8. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
9. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
10. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
10.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
10.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1. Introduction 1. Introduction
RFC 6282 is the main specification for IPv6 over Low power Wireless RFC 6282 is the main specification for IPv6 over Low power Wireless
Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN) IPv6 header compression [RFC6282]. Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN) IPv6 header compression [RFC6282].
This RFC was designed assuming IEEE 802.15.4 as the layer below the This RFC was designed assuming IEEE 802.15.4 as the layer below the
6LoWPAN adaptation layer, and it has also been reused (with proper 6LoWPAN adaptation layer, and it has also been reused (with proper
adaptations) for IPv6 header compression over many other technologies adaptations) for IPv6 header compression over many other technologies
relatively similar to IEEE 802.15.4 in terms of characteristics such relatively similar to IEEE 802.15.4 in terms of characteristics such
as physical layer bit rate, layer 2 maximum payload size, etc. as physical layer bit rate, layer 2 maximum payload size, etc.
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Protocol (CoAP) headers as well [RFC7252][RFC8824], which further Protocol (CoAP) headers as well [RFC7252][RFC8824], which further
increases the achievable performance improvement of using SCHC header increases the achievable performance improvement of using SCHC header
compression, since there is no 6LoWPAN header compression defined for compression, since there is no 6LoWPAN header compression defined for
CoAP. Therefore, it may make sense to use SCHC header compression in CoAP. Therefore, it may make sense to use SCHC header compression in
some 6LoWPAN environments [I-D.toutain-6lo-6lo-and-schc], including some 6LoWPAN environments [I-D.toutain-6lo-6lo-and-schc], including
IEEE 802.15.4 networks, considering its greater efficiency. IEEE 802.15.4 networks, considering its greater efficiency.
If SCHC header compression is added to the panoply of header If SCHC header compression is added to the panoply of header
compression mechanisms used in 6LoWPAN environments, then there is a compression mechanisms used in 6LoWPAN environments, then there is a
need to signal when a packet header has been compressed by using need to signal when a packet header has been compressed by using
SCHC. To this end, in its current form, the present document SCHC. To this end, the present document specifies a 6LoWPAN Dispatch
specifies a 6LoWPAN Dispatch Type for SCHC header compression, based Type for SCHC header compression [RFC4944].
on exploiting RFC 8025 Dispatch type space [RFC8025].
This document specifies how a SCHC-compressed packet can be carried This document specifies how a SCHC-compressed packet can be carried
over IEEE 802.15.4 networks. Note that, as per this document, and over IEEE 802.15.4 networks. Note that, as per this document, and
while SCHC defines fragmentation mechanisms as well, 6LoWPAN/6Lo while SCHC defines fragmentation mechanisms as well, 6LoWPAN/6Lo
fragmentation is used when necessary to transport SCHC-compressed fragmentation is used when necessary to transport SCHC-compressed
packets over IEEE 802.15.4 networks [RFC4944][RFC8931]. packets over IEEE 802.15.4 networks [RFC4944][RFC8930][RFC8931].
TO-DO: indicate here any specific updates of RFC 8724 for IEEE TO-DO: indicate here any specific updates of RFC 8724 for use over
802.15.4. IEEE 802.15.4.
2. Terminology 2. Terminology
2.1. Requirements language 2.1. Requirements language
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
BCP14 [RFC2119], [RFC8174], when, and only when, they appear in all BCP14 [RFC2119], [RFC8174], when, and only when, they appear in all
capitals, as shown here. capitals, as shown here.
2.2. Background on SCHC 2.2. Background on SCHC
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+------------+ +------------+ +------------+ +------------+
| IPv6 | | IPv6 | | IPv6 | | IPv6 |
+------------+ +------------+ +------------+ +------------+
| 6LoWPAN HC | | SCHC HC | <-- NEW | 6LoWPAN HC | | SCHC HC | <-- NEW
+------------+ +------------+ +------------+ +------------+
|6LoWPAN Frag| |6LoWPAN Frag| |6LoWPAN Frag| |6LoWPAN Frag|
+------------+ +------------+ +------------+ +------------+
| 802.15.4 | | 802.15.4 | | 802.15.4 | | 802.15.4 |
+------------+ +------------+ +------------+ +------------+
Figure 1: Traditional 6LoWPAN-based protocol stack over IEEE 802.15.4 Figure 1: Traditional 6LoWPAN-based protocol stack over IEEE
(left) and alternative protocol stack using SCHC for header 802.15.4 (left) and alternative protocol stack using SCHC for
compression (right). HC and Frag stand for Header Compression and header compression (right). HC and Frag stand for Header
Fragmentation, respectively. Compression and Fragmentation, respectively.
SCHC header compression may be applied to the headers of different SCHC header compression may be applied to the headers of different
protocols or sets of protocols. Some examples include: i) IPv6 protocols or sets of protocols. Some examples include: i) IPv6
packet headers, ii) joint IPv6 and UDP packet headers, iii) joint packet headers, ii) joint IPv6 and UDP packet headers, iii) joint
IPv6, UDP and CoAP packet headers, etc. IPv6, UDP and CoAP packet headers, etc.
4. Frame Format 4. Frame Format
This document defines the frame format to be used when a SCHC- This document defines the frame format to be used when a SCHC-
compressed packet is carried over IEEE 802.15.4. Such format is compressed packet is carried over IEEE 802.15.4. Such format is
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frame format. frame format.
<---------- IEEE 802.15.4 frame payload ----------> <---------- IEEE 802.15.4 frame payload ---------->
<----- SCHC Packet -----> <----- SCHC Packet ----->
+---------------+-------------+---------+ - - - - + +---------------+-------------+---------+ - - - - +
| SCHC Dispatch | SCHC Header | Payload | Padding | | SCHC Dispatch | SCHC Header | Payload | Padding |
+---------------+-------------+---------+ - - - - + +---------------+-------------+---------+ - - - - +
Figure 2: Encapsulated, SCHC-compressed packet. Padding bits are Figure 2: Encapsulated, SCHC-compressed packet. Padding bits are
added if needed. added if needed.
4.1. SCHC Dispatch 4.1. SCHC Dispatch
Adding SCHC header compression to the panoply of header compression Adding SCHC header compression to the panoply of header compression
mechanisms used in 6LoWPAN/6Lo environments creates the need to mechanisms used in 6LoWPAN/6Lo environments creates the need to
signal when a packet header has been compressed by using SCHC. To signal when a packet header has been compressed by using SCHC. To
this end, the present document specifies the SCHC Dispatch. The SCHC this end, the present document specifies the SCHC Dispatch. The SCHC
Dispatch indicates that the next field in the frame format is a SCHC- Dispatch indicates that the next field in the frame format is a SCHC-
compressed header. The latter corresponds to a packet header that compressed header (SCHC Header in Figure 2, see 4.2)).
has been compressed by using SCHC. As defined in [RFC8724], the SCHC
Header comprises a RuleID, and a compression residue.
This document defines the SCHC Dispatch as a 6LoWPAN Dispatch Type This document defines the SCHC Dispatch as a 6LoWPAN Dispatch Type
for SCHC header compression, based on exploiting RFC 8025 Dispatch for SCHC header compression [RFC4944]. With the aim to minimize
type space and the concept of "pages" [RFC8025]. With the aim to [RFC8025] for the SCHC Dispatch Type:
minimize overhead, the present document allocates a whole page (Page
2) for the SCHC Dispatch Type:
SCHC Dispatch Type bit pattern: 11110010 (Page 2) (Note: to be SCHC Dispatch Type bit pattern: 01000100 (Page 0) (Note: to be
confirmed by IANA)) confirmed by IANA))
TO-DO: RuleID discussion 4.2. SCHC Header
4.2. Padding SCHC Header (Figure 2) corresponds to a packet header that has been
compressed by using SCHC. As defined in [RFC8724], the SCHC Header
comprises a RuleID, and a compression residue. The present
specification defines a RuleID size of 8 bits.
4.3. Padding
If SCHC header compression leads to a SCHC Packet size of a non- If SCHC header compression leads to a SCHC Packet size of a non-
integer number of bytes, padding bits of value equal to zero MUST be integer number of bytes, padding bits of value equal to zero MUST be
appended to the SCHC Packet as appropriate to align to an octet appended to the SCHC Packet as appropriate to align to an octet
boundary. boundary.
5. SCHC compression for IPv6, UDP, and CoAP headers 5. SCHC compression for IPv6, UDP, and CoAP headers
SCHC header compression may be applied to the headers of different SCHC header compression may be applied to the headers of different
protocols or sets of protocols. Some examples include: i) IPv6 protocols or sets of protocols. Some examples include: i) IPv6
packet headers, ii) joint IPv6 and UDP packet headers, iii) joint packet headers, ii) joint IPv6 and UDP packet headers, iii) joint
IPv6, UDP and CoAP packet headers, etc. IPv6, UDP and CoAP packet headers, etc.
IPv6 and UDP header fields MUST be compressed as per Section 10 of 5.1. SCHC compression for IPv6 and UDP headers
RFC 8724.
TO-DO: adaptation of DevIID and AppIID in 802.15.4 environments With the exception of IPv6 addresses and UDP ports, IPv6 and UDP
header fields MUST be compressed as per Section 10 of RFC 8724.
IPv6 addresses are split into two 64-bit-long fields; one for the
prefix and one for the Interface Identifier (IID).
To allow for a single Rule being used for both directions, RFC 8724
identifies IPv6 addresses and UDP ports by their role (Dev or App)
and not by their position in the header (source or destination).
However, such roles are not applicable in some types of 6LoWPAN
environments (e.g., when a sender and its destination are both nodes
in a mesh topology network). In such cases, the terms Uplink and
Downlink as they have been defined in RFC 8724 are not applicable
either.
The present specification identifies IPv6 addresses and UDP ports by
their position in the header (source or destination). Accordingly,
the present specification defines two new values for the Direction
Indicator: Transmit (Tx) and Receive (Rx).
5.1.1. Compression of IPv6 addresses
Compression of IPv6 source and destination prefixes MUST be performed
as per Section 10.7.1 of RFC 8724.
If the source or destination IID are based on an L2 address, then the
IID can be reconstructed with information coming from the L2 header.
In that case, the TV is not set, the MO is set to "ignore" and the
CDA is set to compute-IID.
As described in [RFC8065], it may be undesirable to build the source
IPv6 IID of a device out of the device address. Another static value
is used instead. In that case, the TV contains the static value, the
MO operator is set to "equal" and the CDA is set to "not-sent".
If several IIDs are possible, then the TV contains the list of
possible IIDs, the MO is set to "match-mapping" and the CDA is set to
"mapping-sent".
It may also happen that the IID variability only expresses itself on
a few bytes. In that case, the TV is set to the stable part of the
IID, the MO is set to "MSB" and the CDA is set to "LSB".
5.1.2. Compression of UDP ports
TO-DO
5.2. SCHC compression for CoAP headers
CoAP header fields MUST be compressed as per Sections 4 to 6 of RFC CoAP header fields MUST be compressed as per Sections 4 to 6 of RFC
8824. 8824.
5.3. Header compression examples
TO-DO: provide examples for IPv6-only, IPv6/UDP and IPv6/UDP/CoAP. TO-DO: provide examples for IPv6-only, IPv6/UDP and IPv6/UDP/CoAP.
6. Fragmentation and reassembly 6. Fragmentation and reassembly
After applying SCHC header compression to a packet intended for After applying SCHC header compression to a packet intended for
transmission, if the size of the resulting frame format (Section 4) transmission, if the size of the resulting frame format (Section 4)
exceeds the IEEE 802.15.4 frame payload space available, such frame exceeds the IEEE 802.15.4 frame payload space available, such frame
format MUST be fragmented, carried and reassembled by means of format MUST be fragmented, carried and reassembled by means of
6LoWPAN fragmentation and reassembly [RFC4944][RFC8931]. 6LoWPAN fragmentation and reassembly [RFC4944][RFC8930][RFC8931].
7. IANA Considerations 7. IANA Considerations
This document requests the allocation of the Dispatch Type Field bit This document requests the allocation of the Dispatch Type Field bit
pattern 11110010 (Page 2) as SCHC Dispatch Type. pattern 01000100 (Page 0) as SCHC Dispatch Type.
8. Security Considerations 8. Security Considerations
TBD This document does not define SCHC header compression functionality
beyond the one defined in RFC 8724. Therefore, the security
considerations in section 12.1 of RFC 8724 apply.
As a safety measure, a SCHC decompressor implementing the present
specification MUST NOT reconstruct a packet larger than 1500 bytes
[RFC8724].
9. Acknowledgments 9. Acknowledgments
Ana Minaburo and Laurent Toutain suggested for the first time the use Ana Minaburo and Laurent Toutain suggested for the first time the use
of SCHC in environments where 6LoWPAN has traditionally been used. of SCHC in environments where 6LoWPAN has traditionally been used.
Laurent Toutain made comments that helped shape this document. Laurent Toutain, Pascal Thubert, Dominique Barthel, and Guangpeng Li
made comments that helped shape this document.
Carles Gomez has been funded in part by the Spanish Government Carles Gomez has been funded in part by the Spanish Government
through project PID2019-106808RA-I00, and by Secretaria through project PID2019-106808RA-I00, and by Secretaria
d'Universitats i Recerca del Departament d'Empresa i Coneixement de d'Universitats i Recerca del Departament d'Empresa i Coneixement de
la Generalitat de Catalunya 2017 through grant SGR 376. la Generalitat de Catalunya 2017 through grant SGR 376.
10. References 10. References
10.1. Normative References 10.1. Normative References
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[RFC7252] Shelby, Z., Hartke, K., and C. Bormann, "The Constrained [RFC7252] Shelby, Z., Hartke, K., and C. Bormann, "The Constrained
Application Protocol (CoAP)", RFC 7252, Application Protocol (CoAP)", RFC 7252,
DOI 10.17487/RFC7252, June 2014, DOI 10.17487/RFC7252, June 2014,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7252>. <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7252>.
[RFC8025] Thubert, P., Ed. and R. Cragie, "IPv6 over Low-Power [RFC8025] Thubert, P., Ed. and R. Cragie, "IPv6 over Low-Power
Wireless Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN) Paging Dispatch", Wireless Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN) Paging Dispatch",
RFC 8025, DOI 10.17487/RFC8025, November 2016, RFC 8025, DOI 10.17487/RFC8025, November 2016,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8025>. <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8025>.
[RFC8065] Thaler, D., "Privacy Considerations for IPv6 Adaptation-
Layer Mechanisms", RFC 8065, DOI 10.17487/RFC8065,
February 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8065>.
[RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC [RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174, 2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>. May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.
[RFC8724] Minaburo, A., Toutain, L., Gomez, C., Barthel, D., and JC. [RFC8724] Minaburo, A., Toutain, L., Gomez, C., Barthel, D., and JC.
Zuniga, "SCHC: Generic Framework for Static Context Header Zuniga, "SCHC: Generic Framework for Static Context Header
Compression and Fragmentation", RFC 8724, Compression and Fragmentation", RFC 8724,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8724, April 2020, DOI 10.17487/RFC8724, April 2020,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8724>. <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8724>.
[RFC8824] Minaburo, A., Toutain, L., and R. Andreasen, "Static [RFC8824] Minaburo, A., Toutain, L., and R. Andreasen, "Static
Context Header Compression (SCHC) for the Constrained Context Header Compression (SCHC) for the Constrained
Application Protocol (CoAP)", RFC 8824, Application Protocol (CoAP)", RFC 8824,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8824, June 2021, DOI 10.17487/RFC8824, June 2021,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8824>. <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8824>.
[RFC8930] Watteyne, T., Ed., Thubert, P., Ed., and C. Bormann, "On
Forwarding 6LoWPAN Fragments over a Multi-Hop IPv6
Network", RFC 8930, DOI 10.17487/RFC8930, November 2020,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8930>.
[RFC8931] Thubert, P., Ed., "IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal [RFC8931] Thubert, P., Ed., "IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal
Area Network (6LoWPAN) Selective Fragment Recovery", Area Network (6LoWPAN) Selective Fragment Recovery",
RFC 8931, DOI 10.17487/RFC8931, November 2020, RFC 8931, DOI 10.17487/RFC8931, November 2020,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8931>. <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8931>.
10.2. Informative References 10.2. Informative References
[I-D.toutain-6lo-6lo-and-schc] [I-D.toutain-6lo-6lo-and-schc]
Minaburo, A. and L. Toutain, "Comparison of 6lo and SCHC", Minaburo, A. and L. Toutain, "Comparison of 6lo and SCHC",
draft-toutain-6lo-6lo-and-schc-00 (work in progress), Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-toutain-6lo-6lo-
November 2019. and-schc-00, 4 November 2019,
<https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-toutain-6lo-6lo-
and-schc-00.txt>.
[RFC9006] Gomez, C., Crowcroft, J., and M. Scharf, "TCP Usage [RFC9006] Gomez, C., Crowcroft, J., and M. Scharf, "TCP Usage
Guidance in the Internet of Things (IoT)", RFC 9006, Guidance in the Internet of Things (IoT)", RFC 9006,
DOI 10.17487/RFC9006, March 2021, DOI 10.17487/RFC9006, March 2021,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9006>. <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9006>.
Authors' Addresses Authors' Addresses
Carles Gomez Carles Gomez
UPC UPC
C/Esteve Terradas, 7 C/Esteve Terradas, 7
Castelldefels 08860 08860 Castelldefels
Spain Spain
Email: carlesgo@entel.upc.edu Email: carlesgo@entel.upc.edu
Ana Minaburo Ana Minaburo
Acklio Acklio
1137A avenue des Champs Blancs 1137A avenue des Champs Blancs
Cesson-Sevigne Cedex 35510 35510 Cesson-Sevigne Cedex
France France
Email: ana@ackl.io Email: ana@ackl.io
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