< draft-ietf-ace-cbor-web-token-12.txt		draft-ietf-ace-cbor-web-token-13.txt >
	ACE Working Group M. Jones		ACE Working Group M. Jones
	Internet-Draft Microsoft		Internet-Draft Microsoft
	Intended status: Standards Track E. Wahlstroem		Intended status: Standards Track E. Wahlstroem
	Expires: August 6, 2018		Expires: September 6, 2018
	S. Erdtman		S. Erdtman
	Spotify AB		Spotify AB
	H. Tschofenig		H. Tschofenig
	ARM Ltd.		ARM Ltd.
	February 2, 2018		March 5, 2018
	CBOR Web Token (CWT)		CBOR Web Token (CWT)
	draft-ietf-ace-cbor-web-token-12		draft-ietf-ace-cbor-web-token-13
	Abstract		Abstract
	CBOR Web Token (CWT) is a compact means of representing claims to be		CBOR Web Token (CWT) is a compact means of representing claims to be
	transferred between two parties. The claims in a CWT are encoded in		transferred between two parties. The claims in a CWT are encoded in
	the Concise Binary Object Representation (CBOR) and CBOR Object		the Concise Binary Object Representation (CBOR) and CBOR Object
	Signing and Encryption (COSE) is used for added application layer		Signing and Encryption (COSE) is used for added application layer
	security protection. A claim is a piece of information asserted		security protection. A claim is a piece of information asserted
	about a subject and is represented as a name/value pair consisting of		about a subject and is represented as a name/value pair consisting of
	a claim name and a claim value. CWT is derived from JSON Web Token		a claim name and a claim value. CWT is derived from JSON Web Token
	skipping to change at page 1, line 42 ¶		skipping to change at page 1, line 42 ¶
	Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering		Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
	Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute		Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
	working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-		working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
	Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.		Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
	Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months		Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
	and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any		and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
	time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference		time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
	material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."		material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
	This Internet-Draft will expire on August 6, 2018.		This Internet-Draft will expire on September 6, 2018.
	Copyright Notice		Copyright Notice
	Copyright (c) 2018 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the		Copyright (c) 2018 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
	document authors. All rights reserved.		document authors. All rights reserved.
	This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal		This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
	Provisions Relating to IETF Documents		Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
	(https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of		(https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
	publication of this document. Please review these documents		publication of this document. Please review these documents
	skipping to change at page 2, line 38 ¶		skipping to change at page 2, line 38 ¶
	3.1.7. cti (CWT ID) Claim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6		3.1.7. cti (CWT ID) Claim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
	4. Summary of the claim names, keys, and value types . . . . . . 6		4. Summary of the claim names, keys, and value types . . . . . . 6
	5. CBOR Tags and Claim Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6		5. CBOR Tags and Claim Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
	6. CWT CBOR Tag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6		6. CWT CBOR Tag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
	7. Creating and Validating CWTs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7		7. Creating and Validating CWTs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
	7.1. Creating a CWT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7		7.1. Creating a CWT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
	7.2. Validating a CWT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8		7.2. Validating a CWT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
	8. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9		8. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
	9. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10		9. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
	9.1. CBOR Web Token (CWT) Claims Registry . . . . . . . . . . 10		9.1. CBOR Web Token (CWT) Claims Registry . . . . . . . . . . 10
	9.1.1. Registration Template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10		9.1.1. Registration Template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
	9.1.2. Initial Registry Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11		9.1.2. Initial Registry Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
	9.2. Media Type Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13		9.2. Media Type Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
	9.2.1. Registry Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13		9.2.1. Registry Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
	9.3. CoAP Content-Formats Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . 13		9.3. CoAP Content-Formats Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
	9.3.1. Registry Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14		9.3.1. Registry Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
	9.4. CBOR Tag registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14		9.4. CBOR Tag registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
	9.4.1. Registry Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14		9.4.1. Registry Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
	10. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14		10. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
	10.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14		10.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
	10.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15		10.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
	Appendix A. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15		Appendix A. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
	A.1. Example CWT Claims Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16		A.1. Example CWT Claims Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
	A.2. Example keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16		A.2. Example keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
	A.2.1. 128-bit Symmetric Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16		A.2.1. 128-bit Symmetric Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
	A.2.2. 256-bit Symmetric Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17		A.2.2. 256-bit Symmetric Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
	A.2.3. ECDSA P-256 256-bit COSE Key . . . . . . . . . . . . 17		A.2.3. ECDSA P-256 256-bit COSE Key . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
	A.3. Example Signed CWT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17		A.3. Example Signed CWT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
	A.4. Example MACed CWT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18		A.4. Example MACed CWT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
	A.5. Example Encrypted CWT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19		A.5. Example Encrypted CWT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
	A.6. Example Nested CWT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20		A.6. Example Nested CWT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
	A.7. Example MACed CWT with a floating-point value . . . . . . 21		A.7. Example MACed CWT with a floating-point value . . . . . . 22
	Appendix B. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22		Appendix B. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
	Appendix C. Document History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22		Appendix C. Document History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
	Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25		Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
	1. Introduction		1. Introduction
	The JSON Web Token (JWT) [RFC7519] is a standardized security token		The JSON Web Token (JWT) [RFC7519] is a standardized security token
	format that has found use in OAuth 2.0 and OpenID Connect		format that has found use in OAuth 2.0 and OpenID Connect
	deployments, among other applications. JWT uses JSON Web Signature		deployments, among other applications. JWT uses JSON Web Signature
	(JWS) [RFC7515] and JSON Web Encryption (JWE) [RFC7516] to secure the		(JWS) [RFC7515] and JSON Web Encryption (JWE) [RFC7516] to secure the
	contents of the JWT, which is a set of claims represented in JSON.		contents of the JWT, which is a set of claims represented in JSON.
	The use of JSON for encoding information is popular for Web and		The use of JSON for encoding information is popular for Web and
	native applications, but it is considered inefficient for some		native applications, but it is considered inefficient for some
	skipping to change at page 4, line 11 ¶		skipping to change at page 4, line 11 ¶
	The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",		The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
	"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and		"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
	"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP		"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
	14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all		14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
	capitals, as shown here.		capitals, as shown here.
	This document reuses terminology from JWT [RFC7519] and COSE		This document reuses terminology from JWT [RFC7519] and COSE
	[RFC8152].		[RFC8152].
	StringOrURI		StringOrURI
	The "StringOrURI" term has the same meaning, syntax, and		The "StringOrURI" term has the same meaning and processing rules
	processing rules as the "StringOrURI" term defined in Section 2 of		as the "StringOrURI" term defined in Section 2 of [RFC7519],
	[RFC7519], except that it uses a CBOR text string instead of a		except that it uses a CBOR text string instead of a JSON string
	JSON string value.		value.
	NumericDate		NumericDate
	The "NumericDate" term has the same meaning, syntax, and		The "NumericDate" term has the same meaning and processing rules
	processing rules as the "NumericDate" term defined in Section 2 of		as the "NumericDate" term defined in Section 2 of [RFC7519],
	[RFC7519], except that the CBOR numeric date representation (from		except that the CBOR numeric date representation (from
	Section 2.4.1 of [RFC7049]) is used. The encoding is modified so		Section 2.4.1 of [RFC7049]) is used. The encoding is modified so
	that the leading tag 1 (epoch-based date/time) MUST be omitted.		that the leading tag 1 (epoch-based date/time) MUST be omitted.
	Claim Name		Claim Name
	The human-readable name used to identify a claim.		The human-readable name used to identify a claim.
	Claim Key		Claim Key
	The CBOR map key used to identify a claim.		The CBOR map key used to identify a claim.
	Claim Value		Claim Value
	skipping to change at page 5, line 15 ¶		skipping to change at page 5, line 15 ¶
	3.1. Registered Claims		3.1. Registered Claims
	None of the claims defined below are intended to be mandatory to use		None of the claims defined below are intended to be mandatory to use
	or implement. They rather provide a starting point for a set of		or implement. They rather provide a starting point for a set of
	useful, interoperable claims. Applications using CWTs should define		useful, interoperable claims. Applications using CWTs should define
	which specific claims they use and when they are required or		which specific claims they use and when they are required or
	optional.		optional.
	3.1.1. iss (Issuer) Claim		3.1.1. iss (Issuer) Claim
	The "iss" (issuer) claim has the same meaning, syntax, and processing		The "iss" (issuer) claim has the same meaning and processing rules as
	rules as the "iss" claim defined in Section 4.1.1 of [RFC7519],		the "iss" claim defined in Section 4.1.1 of [RFC7519], except that
	except that the value is of type StringOrURI. The Claim Key 1 is		the value is of type StringOrURI. The Claim Key 1 is used to
	used to identify this claim.		identify this claim.
	3.1.2. sub (Subject) Claim		3.1.2. sub (Subject) Claim
	The "sub" (subject) claim has the same meaning, syntax, and		The "sub" (subject) claim has the same meaning and processing rules
	processing rules as the "sub" claim defined in Section 4.1.2 of		as the "sub" claim defined in Section 4.1.2 of [RFC7519], except that
	[RFC7519], except that the value is of type StringOrURI. The Claim		the value is of type StringOrURI. The Claim Key 2 is used to
	Key 2 is used to identify this claim.		identify this claim.
	3.1.3. aud (Audience) Claim		3.1.3. aud (Audience) Claim
	The "aud" (audience) claim has the same meaning, syntax, and		The "aud" (audience) claim has the same meaning and processing rules
	processing rules as the "aud" claim defined in Section 4.1.3 of		as the "aud" claim defined in Section 4.1.3 of [RFC7519], except that
	[RFC7519], except that the value of the audience claim is of type		the value of the audience claim is of type StringOrURI when it is not
	StringOrURI when it is not an array or the values of the audience		an array or the values of the audience array elements are of type
	array elements are of type StringOrURI when the audience claim value		StringOrURI when the audience claim value is an array. The Claim Key
	is an array. The Claim Key 3 is used to identify this claim.		3 is used to identify this claim.
	3.1.4. exp (Expiration Time) Claim		3.1.4. exp (Expiration Time) Claim
	The "exp" (expiration time) claim has the same meaning, syntax, and		The "exp" (expiration time) claim has the same meaning and processing
	processing rules as the "exp" claim defined in Section 4.1.4 of		rules as the "exp" claim defined in Section 4.1.4 of [RFC7519],
	[RFC7519], except that the value is of type NumericDate. The Claim		except that the value is of type NumericDate. The Claim Key 4 is
	Key 4 is used to identify this claim.		used to identify this claim.
	3.1.5. nbf (Not Before) Claim		3.1.5. nbf (Not Before) Claim
	The "nbf" (not before) claim has the same meaning, syntax, and		The "nbf" (not before) claim has the same meaning and processing
	processing rules as the "nbf" claim defined in Section 4.1.5 of		rules as the "nbf" claim defined in Section 4.1.5 of [RFC7519],
	[RFC7519], except that the value is of type NumericDate. The Claim		except that the value is of type NumericDate. The Claim Key 5 is
	Key 5 is used to identify this claim.		used to identify this claim.
	3.1.6. iat (Issued At) Claim		3.1.6. iat (Issued At) Claim
	The "iat" (issued at) claim has the same meaning, syntax, and		The "iat" (issued at) claim has the same meaning and processing rules
	processing rules as the "iat" claim defined in Section 4.1.6 of		as the "iat" claim defined in Section 4.1.6 of [RFC7519], except that
	[RFC7519], except that the value is of type NumericDate. The Claim		the value is of type NumericDate. The Claim Key 6 is used to
	Key 6 is used to identify this claim.		identify this claim.
	3.1.7. cti (CWT ID) Claim		3.1.7. cti (CWT ID) Claim
	The "cti" (CWT ID) claim has the same meaning, syntax, and processing		The "cti" (CWT ID) claim has the same meaning and processing rules as
	rules as the "jti" claim defined in Section 4.1.7 of [RFC7519],		the "jti" claim defined in Section 4.1.7 of [RFC7519], except that
	except that the value is of type byte string. The Claim Key 7 is		the value is of type byte string. The Claim Key 7 is used to
	used to identify this claim.		identify this claim.
	4. Summary of the claim names, keys, and value types		4. Summary of the claim names, keys, and value types
	+------+-----+----------------------------------+		+------+-----+----------------------------------+
	| Name | Key | Value type |		| Name | Key | Value type |
	+------+-----+----------------------------------+		+------+-----+----------------------------------+
	| iss | 1 | text string |		| iss | 1 | text string |
	| sub | 2 | text string |		| sub | 2 | text string |
	| aud | 3 | text string |		| aud | 3 | text string |
	| exp | 4 | integer or floating-point number |		| exp | 4 | integer or floating-point number |
	skipping to change at page 10, line 12 ¶		skipping to change at page 10, line 12 ¶
	signatures over encrypted text are not considered valid in many		signatures over encrypted text are not considered valid in many
	jurisdictions.		jurisdictions.
	9. IANA Considerations		9. IANA Considerations
	9.1. CBOR Web Token (CWT) Claims Registry		9.1. CBOR Web Token (CWT) Claims Registry
	This section establishes the IANA "CBOR Web Token (CWT) Claims"		This section establishes the IANA "CBOR Web Token (CWT) Claims"
	registry.		registry.
	Depending upon the values being requested, registration requests are		Registration requests are evaluated using the criteria described in
	evaluated on a Standards Track Required, Specification Required,		the Claim Key instructions in the registration template below after a
	Expert Review, or Private Use basis [RFC8126] after a three-week		three-week review period on the cwt-reg-review@ietf.org mailing list,
	review period on the cwt-reg-review@ietf.org mailing list, on the		on the advice of one or more Designated Experts. However, to allow
	advice of one or more Designated Experts. However, to allow for the		for the allocation of values prior to publication, the Designated
	allocation of values prior to publication, the Designated Experts may		Experts may approve registration once they are satisfied that such a
	approve registration once they are satisfied that such a
	specification will be published. [[ Note to the RFC Editor: The name		specification will be published. [[ Note to the RFC Editor: The name
	of the mailing list should be determined in consultation with the		of the mailing list should be determined in consultation with the
	IESG and IANA. Suggested name: cwt-reg-review@ietf.org. ]]		IESG and IANA. Suggested name: cwt-reg-review@ietf.org. ]]
	Registration requests sent to the mailing list for review should use		Registration requests sent to the mailing list for review should use
	an appropriate subject (e.g., "Request to register claim: example").		an appropriate subject (e.g., "Request to register claim: example").
	Registration requests that are undetermined for a period longer than		Registration requests that are undetermined for a period longer than
	21 days can be brought to the IESG's attention (using the		21 days can be brought to the IESG's attention (using the
	iesg@ietf.org mailing list) for resolution.		iesg@ietf.org mailing list) for resolution.
	skipping to change at page 10, line 45 ¶		skipping to change at page 10, line 44 ¶
	restricted to claims with general applicability.		restricted to claims with general applicability.
	It is suggested that multiple Designated Experts be appointed who are		It is suggested that multiple Designated Experts be appointed who are
	able to represent the perspectives of different applications using		able to represent the perspectives of different applications using
	this specification in order to enable broadly informed review of		this specification in order to enable broadly informed review of
	registration decisions. In cases where a registration decision could		registration decisions. In cases where a registration decision could
	be perceived as creating a conflict of interest for a particular		be perceived as creating a conflict of interest for a particular
	Expert, that Expert should defer to the judgment of the other		Expert, that Expert should defer to the judgment of the other
	Experts.		Experts.
			Since a high degree of overlap is expected between the contents of
			the "CBOR Web Token (CWT) Claims" registry and the "JSON Web Token
			Claims" registry, overlap in the corresponding pools of Designated
			Experts would be useful to help ensure that an appropriate level of
			coordination between the registries is maintained.
	9.1.1. Registration Template		9.1.1. Registration Template
	Claim Name:		Claim Name:
	The human-readable name requested (e.g., "iss").		The human-readable name requested (e.g., "iss").
	Claim Description:		Claim Description:
	Brief description of the claim (e.g., "Issuer").		Brief description of the claim (e.g., "Issuer").
	JWT Claim Name:		JWT Claim Name:
	Claim Name of the equivalent JWT claim, as registered in		Claim Name of the equivalent JWT claim, as registered in
	[IANA.JWT.Claims]. CWT claims should normally have a		[IANA.JWT.Claims]. CWT claims should normally have a
	corresponding JWT claim. If a corresponding JWT claim would not		corresponding JWT claim. If a corresponding JWT claim would not
	make sense, the Designated Experts can choose to accept		make sense, the Designated Experts can choose to accept
	registrations for which the JWT Claim Name is listed as "N/A".		registrations for which the JWT Claim Name is listed as "N/A".
	Claim Key:		Claim Key:
	CBOR map key for the claim. Integer values between -256 and 255		CBOR map key for the claim. Different ranges of values use
	and strings of length 1 are designated as Standards Track		different registration policies [RFC8126]. Integer values between
	Required. Integer values from -65536 to 65535 and strings of		-256 and 255 and strings of length 1 are designated as Standards
	length 2 are designated as Specification Required. Integer values		Action. Integer values from -65536 to 65535 and strings of length
	of greater than 65535 and strings of length greater than 2 are		2 are designated as Specification Required. Integer values of
			greater than 65535 and strings of length greater than 2 are
	designated as Expert Review. Integer values less than -65536 are		designated as Expert Review. Integer values less than -65536 are
	marked as Private Use.		marked as Private Use.
	Claim Value Type(s):		Claim Value Type(s):
	CBOR types that can be used for the claim value.		CBOR types that can be used for the claim value.
	Change Controller:		Change Controller:
	For Standards Track RFCs, list the "IESG". For others, give the		For Standards Track RFCs, list the "IESG". For others, give the
	name of the responsible party. Other details (e.g., postal		name of the responsible party. Other details (e.g., postal
	address, email address, home page URI) may also be included.		address, email address, home page URI) may also be included.
	skipping to change at page 22, line 28 ¶		skipping to change at page 23, line 28 ¶
	)		)
	Figure 19: MACed CWT with a floating-point value in CBOR diagnostic		Figure 19: MACed CWT with a floating-point value in CBOR diagnostic
	notation		notation
	Appendix B. Acknowledgements		Appendix B. Acknowledgements
	This specification is based on JSON Web Token (JWT) [RFC7519], the		This specification is based on JSON Web Token (JWT) [RFC7519], the
	authors of which also include Nat Sakimura and John Bradley. It also		authors of which also include Nat Sakimura and John Bradley. It also
	incorporates suggestions made by many people, including Carsten		incorporates suggestions made by many people, including Carsten
	Bormann, Esko Dijk, Benjamin Kaduk, Jim Schaad, Ludwig Seitz, and		Bormann, Esko Dijk, Benjamin Kaduk, Carlos Martinez, Kathleen
			Moriarty, Dan Romascanu, Kyle Rose, Jim Schaad, Ludwig Seitz, and
	Goeran Selander.		Goeran Selander.
	[[ RFC Editor: Is it possible to preserve the non-ASCII spellings of		[[ RFC Editor: Is it possible to preserve the non-ASCII spellings of
	the names Erik Wahlstroem and Goeran Selander in the final		the names Erik Wahlstroem and Goeran Selander in the final
	specification? ]]		specification? ]]
	Appendix C. Document History		Appendix C. Document History
	[[ to be removed by the RFC Editor before publication as an RFC ]]		[[ to be removed by the RFC Editor before publication as an RFC ]]
			-13
			o Clarified the registration criteria applied to different ranges of
			Claim Key values, as suggested by Kathleen Moriarty and Dan
			Romascanu.
			o No longer describe the syntax of CWT claims as being the same as
			that of the corresponding JWT claims, as suggested by Kyle Rose.
			o Added guidance about the selection of the Designated Experts, as
			suggested by Benjamin Kaduk.
			o Acknowledged additional reviewers.
	-12		-12
	o Updated the RFC 5226 reference to RFC 8126.		o Updated the RFC 5226 reference to RFC 8126.
	o Made the IANA registration criteria consistent across sections.		o Made the IANA registration criteria consistent across sections.
	o Stated that registrations for the limited set of values between		o Stated that registrations for the limited set of values between
	-256 and 255 and strings of length 1 are to be restricted to		-256 and 255 and strings of length 1 are to be restricted to
	claims with general applicability.		claims with general applicability.
End of changes. 23 change blocks.
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