< draft-ietf-behave-address-format-03.txt   draft-ietf-behave-address-format-04.txt >
Network Working Group C. Huitema Network Working Group C. Huitema
Internet-Draft Microsoft Corporation Internet-Draft Microsoft Corporation
Obsoletes: 2765 (if approved) C. Bao Obsoletes: 2765 (if approved) C. Bao
Intended status: Standards Track CERNET Center/Tsinghua University Intended status: Standards Track CERNET Center/Tsinghua University
Expires: June 20, 2010 M. Bagnulo Expires: July 19, 2010 M. Bagnulo
UC3M UC3M
M. Boucadair M. Boucadair
France Telecom France Telecom
X. Li X. Li
CERNET Center/Tsinghua University CERNET Center/Tsinghua University
December 17, 2009 January 15, 2010
IPv6 Addressing of IPv4/IPv6 Translators IPv6 Addressing of IPv4/IPv6 Translators
draft-ietf-behave-address-format-03.txt draft-ietf-behave-address-format-04.txt
Abstract Abstract
This document discusses the algorithmic translation of an IPv6 This document discusses the algorithmic translation of an IPv6
address to a corresponding IPv4 address, and vice versa, using only address to a corresponding IPv4 address, and vice versa, using only
statically configured information. It defines a Well-Known Prefix statically configured information. It defines a well-known prefix
for use in algorithmic translations, while allowing organizations to for use in algorithmic translations, while allowing organizations to
also use Network Specific Prefixes when appropriate. Algorithmic also use network-specific prefixes when appropriate. Algorithmic
translation is used in IPv4/IPv6 translators, as well as other types translation is used in IPv4/IPv6 translators, as well as other types
of proxies and gateways (e.g., for DNS) used in IPv4/IPv6 scenarios. of proxies and gateways (e.g., for DNS) used in IPv4/IPv6 scenarios.
Status of this Memo Status of this Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted to IETF in full conformance with the This Internet-Draft is submitted to IETF in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that
skipping to change at page 1, line 49 skipping to change at page 1, line 49
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt. http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt.
The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html. http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.
This Internet-Draft will expire on June 20, 2010. This Internet-Draft will expire on July 19, 2010.
Copyright Notice Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2009 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the Copyright (c) 2010 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved. document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents publication of this document. Please review these documents
carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the BSD License. described in the BSD License.
Table of Contents Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1. Applicability Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1. Applicability Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2. Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2. Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.3. Notations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.3. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2. IPv4-Embedded IPv6 Address Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2. IPv4-Embedded IPv6 Address Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.1. Address Translation Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.1. Address Translation Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2. Text Representation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.2. Text Representation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3. Deployment Guidelines and Choices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3. Deployment Guidelines and Choices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.1. Restrictions to the use of the Well-Known Prefix . . . . . 7 3.1. Restrictions on the use of the Well-Known Prefix . . . . . 7
3.2. Impact on Inter-Domain Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.2. Impact on Inter-Domain Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.3. Choice of Prefix for Stateless Translation Deployments . . 8 3.3. Choice of Prefix for Stateless Translation Deployments . . 8
3.4. Choice of Prefix for Stateful Translation Deployments . . 10 3.4. Choice of Prefix for Stateful Translation Deployments . . 10
3.5. Choice of Suffix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.5. Choice of Suffix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.6. Choice of the Well-Known Prefix . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3.6. Choice of the Well-Known Prefix . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 4. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.1. Protection Against Spoofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 4.1. Protection Against Spoofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.2. Secure Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 4.2. Secure Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
5. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 5. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
6. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 6. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
7. Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 7. Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
8.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 8.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
8.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 8.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1. Introduction 1. Introduction
This document is part of a series of IPv4/IPv6 translation documents. This document is part of a series of IPv4/IPv6 translation documents.
A framework for IPv4/IPv6 translation is discussed in A framework for IPv4/IPv6 translation is discussed in
[I-D.ietf-behave-v6v4-framework], including a taxonomy of scenarios [I-D.ietf-behave-v6v4-framework], including a taxonomy of scenarios
that will be used in this document. Other documents specify the that will be used in this document. Other documents specify the
behavior of various types of translators and gateways, including behavior of various types of translators and gateways, including
mechanisms for translating between IP headers and other types of mechanisms for translating between IP headers and other types of
messages that include IP addresses. This document specifies how an messages that include IP addresses. This document specifies how an
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it is the responsibility of the specification of such devices to it is the responsibility of the specification of such devices to
reference this document for algorithmic mapping of the addresses reference this document for algorithmic mapping of the addresses
themselves. themselves.
This document reserves a "Well-Known Prefix" for use in an This document reserves a "Well-Known Prefix" for use in an
algorithmic mapping. The value of this IPv6 prefix is: algorithmic mapping. The value of this IPv6 prefix is:
64:FF9B::/96 64:FF9B::/96
Section 2 describes the format of "IPv4-Embedded IPv6 addresses", Section 2 describes the format of "IPv4-Embedded IPv6 addresses",
i.e. - IPv6 addresses in which 32 bits contain an IPv4 address. This i.e., IPv6 addresses in which 32 bits contain an IPv4 address. This
format is common to both "IPv4-Converted" and "IPv4-Translatable" format is common to both "IPv4-Converted" and "IPv4-Translatable"
IPv6 addresses. This section also defines the algorithms for IPv6 addresses. This section also defines the algorithms for
translating addresses, and the text representation of IPv4-Embedded translating addresses, and the text representation of IPv4-Embedded
addresses. IPv6 addresses.
Section 3 discusses the choice of prefixes, the conditions of use of Section 3 discusses the choice of prefixes, the conditions of use of
the Well-Known Prefix and the Network Specific Prefixes, and the use the Well-Known Prefix and Network-Specific Prefixes, and the use of
of embedded addresses with stateless and stateful translation. IPv4-Embedded IPv6 addresses with stateless and stateful translation.
Section 4 discusses security concerns. Section 4 discusses security concerns.
In some scenarios, a dual-stack host will unnecessarily send its
traffic through an IPv6/IPv4 translator. This can be caused by
host's default address selection algorithm [RFC3484], referrals, or
other reasons. Optimizing these scenarios for dual-stack hosts is
for future study.
1.1. Applicability Scope 1.1. Applicability Scope
This document is part of a series defining address translation This document is part of a series defining address translation
services. We understand that the address format could also be used services. We understand that the address format could also be used
by other interconnection methods between IPv6 and IPv4, e.g. methods by other interconnection methods between IPv6 and IPv4, e.g., methods
based on encapsulation. If encapsulation methods are developed by based on encapsulation. If encapsulation methods are developed by
the IETF, we expect that their descriptions will document their the IETF, we expect that their descriptions will document their
specific use of IPv4-Embedded IPv6 Addresses. specific use of IPv4-Embedded IPv6 addresses.
1.2. Conventions 1.2. Conventions
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119]. document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].
1.3. Notations 1.3. Terminology
This document makes use of the following terms: This document makes use of the following terms:
IPv4/IPv6 translator: an entity that translates IPv4 packets to IPv6 IPv4/IPv6 translator: an entity that translates IPv4 packets to IPv6
packets, and vice versa. It may do "stateless" translation, packets, and vice versa. It may do "stateless" translation,
meaning that there is no per-flow state required, or "stateful" meaning that there is no per-flow state required, or "stateful"
translation where per-flow state is created when the first packet translation where per-flow state is created when the first packet
in a flow is received. in a flow is received.
Address translator: any entity that has to derive an IPv4 address Address translator: any entity that has to derive an IPv4 address
from an IPv6 address or vice versa. This applies not only to from an IPv6 address or vice versa. This applies not only to
devices that do IPv4/IPv6 packet translation, but also to other devices that do IPv4/IPv6 packet translation, but also to other
entities that manipulate addresses, such as name resolution entities that manipulate addresses, such as name resolution
proxies (e.g. DNS64 [I-D.ietf-behave-dns64]) and possibly other proxies (e.g. DNS64 [I-D.ietf-behave-dns64]) and possibly other
types of Application Layer Gateways (ALGs). types of Application Layer Gateways (ALGs).
Well-Known Prefix: the IPv6 prefix defined in this document for use Well-Known Prefix: the IPv6 prefix defined in this document for use
in an algorithmic mapping. in an algorithmic mapping.
Network Specific Prefix: an IPv6 prefix assigned by an organization Network-Specific Prefix: an IPv6 prefix assigned by an organization
for use in algorithmic mapping. Options for the Network Specific for use in algorithmic mapping. Options for the Network Specific
Prefix are discussed in Section 3.3 and Section 3.4. Prefix are discussed in Section 3.3 and Section 3.4.
IPv4-Embedded IPv6 addresses: IPv6 addresses in which 32 bits IPv4-Embedded IPv6 addresses: IPv6 addresses in which 32 bits
contain an IPv4 address. Their format is described in Section 2. contain an IPv4 address. Their format is described in Section 2.
IPv4-Converted IPv6 addresses: IPv6 addresses used to represent IPv4 IPv4-Converted IPv6 addresses: IPv6 addresses used to represent IPv4
hosts in an IPv6 network. They are a variant of IPv4-Embedded nodes in an IPv6 network. They are a variant of IPv4-Embedded
addresses, and follow the format described in Section 2. IPv6 addresses, and follow the format described in Section 2.
IPv4-Translatable IPv6 addresses: IPv6 addresses assigned to IPv6 IPv4-Translatable IPv6 addresses: IPv6 addresses assigned to IPv6
hosts for use with stateless translation. They are a variant of nodes for use with stateless translation. They are a variant of
IPv4-Embedded addresses, and follow the format described in IPv4-Embedded IPv6 addresses, and follow the format described in
Section 2. Section 2.
2. IPv4-Embedded IPv6 Address Format 2. IPv4-Embedded IPv6 Address Format
IPv4-Converted IPv6 addresses and IPv4-Translatable IPv6 addresses IPv4-Converted IPv6 addresses and IPv4-Translatable IPv6 addresses
follow the same format, described here as the IPv4-Embedded IPv6 follow the same format, described here as the IPv4-Embedded IPv6
Address Format. IPv4-Embedded IPv6 Addresses are composed of a address Format. IPv4-Embedded IPv6 addresses are composed of a
variable length prefix, the embedded IPv4 address, and a variable variable length prefix, the embedded IPv4 address, and a variable
length suffix, as presented in the following diagram, in which PL length suffix, as presented in the following diagram, in which PL
designates the prefix length: designates the prefix length:
+--+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ +--+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
|PL| 0-------------32--40--48--56--64--72--80--88--96--104-112-120-| |PL| 0-------------32--40--48--56--64--72--80--88--96--104-112-120-|
+--+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ +--+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
|32| prefix |v4(32) | u | suffix | |32| prefix |v4(32) | u | suffix |
+--+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ +--+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
|40| prefix |v4(24) | u |(8)| suffix | |40| prefix |v4(24) | u |(8)| suffix |
+--+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ +--+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
|48| prefix |v4(16) | u | (16) | suffix | |48| prefix |v4(16) | u | (16) | suffix |
+--+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ +--+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
|56| prefix |(8)| u | v4(24) | suffix | |56| prefix |(8)| u | v4(24) | suffix |
+--+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ +--+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
|64| prefix | u | v4(32) | suffix | |64| prefix | u | v4(32) | suffix |
+--+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ +--+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
|96| prefix | v4(32) | |96| prefix | v4(32) |
+--+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ +--+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
Figure 1 Figure 1
In these addresses, the prefix shall be either the "Well-Known In these addresses, the prefix shall be either the "Well-Known
Prefix", or a "Network Specific Prefix" unique to the organization Prefix", or a "Network-Specific Prefix" unique to the organization
deploying the address translators. deploying the address translators. (The Well-Known prefic is 96 bits
long, and can only be used in the last form of the table.)
Various deployments justify different prefix lengths. The tradeoff Various deployments justify different prefix lengths with Network-
between different prefix lengths are discussed in Section 3.3 and Specific prefixes. The tradeoff between different prefix lengths are
Section 3.4. discussed in Section 3.3 and Section 3.4.
Bits 64 to 71 of the address are reserved for compatibility with the Bits 64 to 71 of the address are reserved for compatibility with the
host identifier format defined in the IPv6 addressing architecture host identifier format defined in the IPv6 addressing architecture
[RFC4291]. These bits MUST be set to zero. When using a /96 prefix, [RFC4291]. These bits MUST be set to zero. When using a /96
the administrators MUST ensure that the bits 64 to 71 are set to Network-Specific Prefix, the administrators MUST ensure that the bits
zero. A simple way to achieve that is to construct the /96 Network 64 to 71 are set to zero. A simple way to achieve that is to
Specific Prefix by picking a /64 prefix, and then adding four octets construct the /96 Network-Specific Prefix by picking a /64 prefix,
set to zero. and then adding four octets set to zero.
The IPv4 address is encoded following the prefix, most significant The IPv4 address is encoded following the prefix, most significant
bits first. Depending of the prefix length, the 4 octets of the bits first. Depending of the prefix length, the 4 octets of the
address may be separated by the reserved octet "u", whose 8 bits MUST address may be separated by the reserved octet "u", whose 8 bits MUST
be set to zero. In particular: be set to zero. In particular:
o When the prefix is 32 bits long, the IPv4 address is encoded in o When the prefix is 32 bits long, the IPv4 address is encoded in
positions 32 to 63. positions 32 to 63.
o When the prefix is 40 bits long, 24 bits of the IPv4 address are o When the prefix is 40 bits long, 24 bits of the IPv4 address are
encoded in positions 40 to 63, with the remaining 8 bits in encoded in positions 40 to 63, with the remaining 8 bits in
position 72 to 79. position 72 to 79.
skipping to change at page 6, line 16 skipping to change at page 6, line 16
encoded in positions 56 to 63, with the remaining 24 bits in encoded in positions 56 to 63, with the remaining 24 bits in
position 72 to 95. position 72 to 95.
o When the prefix is 64 bits long, the IPv4 address is encoded in o When the prefix is 64 bits long, the IPv4 address is encoded in
positions 72 to 103. positions 72 to 103.
o When the prefix is 96 bits long, the IPv4 address is encoded in o When the prefix is 96 bits long, the IPv4 address is encoded in
positions 96 to 127. positions 96 to 127.
There are no remaining bits, and thus no suffix, if the prefix is 96 There are no remaining bits, and thus no suffix, if the prefix is 96
bits long. In the other cases, the remaining bits of the address bits long. In the other cases, the remaining bits of the address
constitute the suffix. These bits are reserved for future constitute the suffix. These bits are reserved for future
extensions, and SHOULD be set to a zero. extensions, and SHOULD be set to zero.
2.1. Address Translation Algorithms 2.1. Address Translation Algorithms
IPv4-Embedded IPv6 addresses are composed according to the following IPv4-Embedded IPv6 addresses are composed according to the following
algorithm: algorithm:
o Concatenate the prefix, the 32 bits of the IPv4 address and the o Concatenate the prefix, the 32 bits of the IPv4 address and the
null suffix if needed to obtain a 128 bit address. null suffix if needed to obtain a 128 bit address.
o if the prefix length is less than 96 bits, remove the last octet o If the prefix length is less than 96 bits, remove the last octet
insert the null octet "U" at the appropriate position, as and insert the null octet "u" at the appropriate position, as
documented in Figure 1. documented in Figure 1.
The IPv4 addresses are extracted from the IPv4-Embedded IPv6 The IPv4 addresses are extracted from the IPv4-Embedded IPv6
addresses according to the following algorithm: addresses according to the following algorithm:
o if the prefix is 96 bit long, extract the last 32 bits of the IPv6 o If the prefix is 96 bit long, extract the last 32 bits of the IPv6
address; address;
o for the other prefix lengths, extract the U octet to obtain a 120 o for the other prefix lengths, extract the "u" octet to obtain a
bit sequence, then extract the 32 bits following the prefix. 120 bit sequence, then extract the 32 bits following the prefix.
2.2. Text Representation 2.2. Text Representation
IPv4-Embedded IPv6 addresses will be represented in text in IPv4-Embedded IPv6 addresses will be represented in text in
conformity with section 2.2 of [RFC4291]. IPv4-Embedded IPv6 conformity with section 2.2 of [RFC4291]. IPv4-Embedded IPv6
addresses constructed using the Well Known Prefix or a /96 Network addresses constructed using the Well-Known Prefix or a /96 Network-
Specific Prefix may be represented using the alternative form Specific Prefix may be represented using the alternative form
presented in section 2.2 of [RFC4291], with the embedded IPv4 address presented in section 2.2 of [RFC4291], with the embedded IPv4 address
represented in dotted decimal notation. Examples of such represented in dotted decimal notation. Examples of such
representations are presented in Table 1 and Table 2. representations are presented in Table 1 and Table 2.
+-----------------------+------------+------------------------------+ +-----------------------+------------+------------------------------+
| Network Specific | IPv4 | IPv4-Embedded IPv6 address | | Network-Specific | IPv4 | IPv4-Embedded IPv6 address |
| Prefix | address | | | Prefix | address | |
+-----------------------+------------+------------------------------+ +-----------------------+------------+------------------------------+
| 2001:DB8::/32 | 192.0.2.33 | 2001:DB8:C000:221:: | | 2001:DB8::/32 | 192.0.2.33 | 2001:DB8:C000:221:: |
| 2001:DB8:100::/40 | 192.0.2.33 | 2001:DB8:1C0:2:21:: | | 2001:DB8:100::/40 | 192.0.2.33 | 2001:DB8:1C0:2:21:: |
| 2001:DB8:122::/48 | 192.0.2.33 | 2001:DB8:122:C000:2:2100:: | | 2001:DB8:122::/48 | 192.0.2.33 | 2001:DB8:122:C000:2:2100:: |
| 2001:DB8:122:300::/56 | 192.0.2.33 | 2001:DB8:122:3C0:0:221:: | | 2001:DB8:122:300::/56 | 192.0.2.33 | 2001:DB8:122:3C0:0:221:: |
| 2001:DB8:122:344::/64 | 192.0.2.33 | 2001:DB8:122:344:C0:2:2100:: | | 2001:DB8:122:344::/64 | 192.0.2.33 | 2001:DB8:122:344:C0:2:2100:: |
| 2001:DB8:122:344::/96 | 192.0.2.33 | 2001:DB8:122:344::192.0.2.33 | | 2001:DB8:122:344::/96 | 192.0.2.33 | 2001:DB8:122:344::192.0.2.33 |
+-----------------------+------------+------------------------------+ +-----------------------+------------+------------------------------+
Table 1: Text representation of IPv4-Embedded IPv6 addresses using Table 1: Text representation of IPv4-Embedded IPv6 addresses using
Network Specific Prefixes Network-Specific Prefixes
+-------------------+--------------+----------------------------+ +-------------------+--------------+----------------------------+
| Well Known Prefix | IPv4 address | IPv4-Embedded IPv6 address | | Well Known Prefix | IPv4 address | IPv4-Embedded IPv6 address |
+-------------------+--------------+----------------------------+ +-------------------+--------------+----------------------------+
| 64:FF9B::/96 | 192.0.2.33 | 64:FF9B::192.0.2.33 | | 64:FF9B::/96 | 192.0.2.33 | 64:FF9B::192.0.2.33 |
+-------------------+--------------+----------------------------+ +-------------------+--------------+----------------------------+
Table 2: Text representation of IPv4-Embedded IPv6 addresses using Table 2: Text representation of IPv4-Embedded IPv6 addresses using
the Well Known Prefixes the Well-Known Prefix
The Network Specific Prefixes examples in Table 1 are derived from The Network-Specific Prefix examples in Table 1 are derived from the
the IPv6 Prefix reserved for doocumentation in [RFC3849]. The IPv4 IPv6 prefix reserved for documentation in [RFC3849]. The IPv4
address 192.0.2.33 is part of the subnet 192.0.2.0/24 reserved for address 192.0.2.33 is part of the subnet 192.0.2.0/24 reserved for
documentation in [RFC3330]. documentation in [RFC3330].
3. Deployment Guidelines and Choices 3. Deployment Guidelines and Choices
3.1. Restrictions to the use of the Well-Known Prefix 3.1. Restrictions on the use of the Well-Known Prefix
The Well-Known Prefix MAY be used by organizations deploying The Well-Known Prefix MAY be used by organizations deploying
translation services, as explained in Section 3.4. translation services, as explained in Section 3.4.
The Well-Known Prefix SHOULD NOT be used to construct IPv4- The Well-Known Prefix SHOULD NOT be used to construct IPv4-
Translatable addresses. The host served by IPv4-Translatable IPv6 Translatable addresses. The nodes served by IPv4-Translatable IPv6
addresses should be able to receive IPv6 traffic bound to their IPv4- addresses should be able to receive global IPv6 traffic bound to
Translatable IPv6 address without incurring intermediate protocol their IPv4-Translatable IPv6 address without incurring intermediate
translation. This is only possible if the specific prefix used to protocol translation. This is only possible if the specific prefix
build the IPv4-Translatable IPv6 addresses is advertized in inter- used to build the IPv4-Translatable IPv6 addresses is advertized in
domain routing, and this kind of specific prefix advertisement is not inter-domain routing, but the advertisement of more specific prefixes
supported with the Well-Known Prefix as explained in Section 3.2. derived from the Well-Known Prefix is not supported, as explained in
Network Specific Prefixes SHOULD be used in these scenarios, as Section 3.2. Network-Specific Prefixes SHOULD be used in these
explained in Section 3.3. scenarios, as explained in Section 3.3.
The Well-Known Prefix MUST NOT be used to represent non global IPv4 The Well-Known Prefix MUST NOT be used to represent non global IPv4
addresses, such as those defined in [RFC1918]. Doing so would addresses, such as those defined in [RFC1918].
introduce ambiguous IPv6 addresses.
3.2. Impact on Inter-Domain Routing 3.2. Impact on Inter-Domain Routing
The Well-Known Prefix MAY appear in inter-domain routing tables, if The Well-Known Prefix MAY appear in inter-domain routing tables, if
service providers decide to provide IPv6-IPv4 interconnection service providers decide to provide IPv6-IPv4 interconnection
services to peers. Advertisement of the Well-Known Prefix SHOULD be services to peers. Advertisement of the Well-Known Prefix SHOULD be
controlled either by upstream and/or downstream service providers controlled either by upstream and/or downstream service providers
owing to inter-domain routing policies, e.g., through configuration owing to inter-domain routing policies, e.g., through configuration
of BGP [RFC4271]. Organizations that advertize the Well-Known Prefix of BGP [RFC4271]. Organizations that advertize the Well-Known Prefix
in inter-domain routing MUST be able to provide IPv4/IPv6 address in inter-domain routing MUST be able to provide IPv4/IPv6 translation
translation service. service.
When the IPv4/IPv6 translation relies on the Well-Known Prefix, When the IPv4/IPv6 translation relies on the Well-Known Prefix,
embedded IPv6 prefixes longer than the Well-Known Prefix MUST NOT be embedded IPv6 prefixes longer than the Well-Known Prefix MUST NOT be
advertised in BGP (especially e-BGP) [RFC4271] because this leads to advertised in BGP (especially e-BGP) [RFC4271] because this leads to
importing IPv4 routing table into IPv6 one and therefore induces importing the IPv4 routing table into the IPv6 one and therefore
scalability issues to the global IPv6 routing table. Adjacent BGP induces scalability issues to the global IPv6 routing table.
speakers MUST ignore advertisements of embedded IPv6 prefixes longer Administrators of BGP nodes SHOULD configure filters that discard
than the Well-Known Prefix. BGP speakers SHOULD be able to be advertisements of embedded IPv6 prefixes longer than the Well-Known
configured with the default Well-Known Prefix. Prefix.
When the IPv4/IPv6 translation service relies on Network Specific When the IPv4/IPv6 translation service relies on Network-Specific
Prefixes and stateless translation is used, the IPv4-Translatable Prefixes, the IPv4-Translatable IPv6 prefixes used in stateless
IPv6 prefixes MUST be advertised with proper aggregation to the IPv6 translation MUST be advertised with proper aggregation to the IPv6
Internet. Similarly, if translators are configured with multiple Internet. Similarly, if translators are configured with multiple
Network Specific Prefixes, these prefixes MUST be advertised to the Network-Specific Prefixes,these prefixes MUST be advertised to the
IPv6 Internet with proper aggregation. IPv6 Internet with proper aggregation.
3.3. Choice of Prefix for Stateless Translation Deployments 3.3. Choice of Prefix for Stateless Translation Deployments
Organization may deploy translation services using stateless Organizations may deploy translation services using stateless
translation. In these deployments, internal IPv6 hosts are addressed translation. In these deployments, internal IPv6 nodes are addressed
using "IPv4-Translatable" IPv6 addresses, which enable them to be using IPv4-Translatable IPv6 addresses, which enable them to be
accessed by IPv4 hosts. The addresses of these external hosts are accessed by IPv4 nodes. The addresses of these external nodes are
then represented in "IPv4-Converted" IPv6 addresses. then represented in IPv4-Converted IPv6 addresses.
Organizations deploying stateless IPv4/IPv6 translation SHOULD assign Organizations deploying stateless IPv4/IPv6 translation SHOULD assign
a Network Specific Prefix to their IPv4/IPv6 translation service. a Network-Specific Prefix to their IPv4/IPv6 translation service.
"IPv4-Translatable" and "IPv4-Converted" addresses MUST be IPv4-Translatable and IPv4-Converted IPv6 addresses MUST be
constructed as specified in Section 2. IPv4-Translatable IPv6 constructed as specified in Section 2. IPv4-Translatable IPv6
addresses MUST use the selected Network Specific Prefix. Both types addresses MUST use the selected Network-Specific Prefix. Both types
of addresses SHOULD use the same prefix. of addresses SHOULD use the same prefix.
Using the same prefix ensures that internal IPv6 hosts will use the Using the same prefix ensures that IPv6 nodes internal to the
most efficient paths to reach the hosts served by "IPv4-Translatable" organization will use the most efficient paths to reach the nodes
addresses. Specifically, if an internal host learns the IPv4 address served by IPv4-Translatable IPv6 addresses. Specifically, if a node
of a target internal host without knowing that this target is in fact learns the IPv4 address of a target internal node without knowing
located behind the same translator, translation rules will ensure that this target is in fact located behind the same translator that
that the IPv6 address constructed with the network specific prefix is the node also uses, translation rules will ensure that the IPv6
the same as the IPv4-Translatable address assigned to the target. address constructed with the Network-Specific prefix is the same as
Standard routing preference will then ensure that the IPv6 packets the IPv4-Translatable IPv6 address assigned to the target. Standard
are delivered directly, without requiring "hair-pinning" at the routing preference will then ensure that the IPv6 packets are
delivered directly, without requiring "hair-pinning" at the
translator. translator.
The intra-domain routing protocol must be able to deliver packets to The intra-domain routing protocol must be able to deliver packets to
the hosts served by IPv4-Translatable IPv6 addresses. This may the nodes served by IPv4-Translatable IPv6 addresses. This may
require routing on some or all of the embedded IPv4 address bits. require routing on some or all of the embedded IPv4 address bits.
Security considerations detailed in Section 4 require that routers Security considerations detailed in Section 4 require that routers
check the validity of the IPv4-Translatable IPv6 source addresses, check the validity of the IPv4-Translatable IPv6 source addresses,
using some form of reverse path check. using some form of reverse path check.
The management of stateless address translation can be illustrated
with a small example. We will consider an IPv6 network with the
prefix 2001:DB8:122::/48. The network administrator has selected the
Network-Specific prefix 2001:DB8:122:344::/64 for managing stateless
IPv4/IPv6 translation. The network is visible in IPv4 as the subnet
192.0.2.0/24. In this network, the host A is assigned the IPv4-
Translatable IPv6 address 2001:DB8:122:344:C0:2:2100::, which
corresponds to the IPv4 address 192.0.2.33. Host A's address is
configured either manually or through DHCPv6.
In this example, host A is not directly connected to the translator,
but instead to a link managed by a router R. The router R is
configured to forward to A the packets bound to 2001:DB8:122:344:C0:
2:2100::. To receive these packets, R will advertise reachability of
the prefix 2001:DB8:122:344:C0:2:2100::/104 in the intra-domain
routing protocol -- or perhaps a shorter prefix if many hosts on link
have IPv4-Translatable IPv6 addresses derived from the same IPv4
subnet. If a packet bound to 192.0.2.33 reaches the translator, the
destination address will be translated to 2001:DB8:122:344:C0:2:
2100::, and the packet will be routed towards R and then to A.
Let's suppose now that a host B of the same domain learns the IPv4
address of A, maybe through an application-specific referral. If B
has translation-aware software, B can compose a destination address
by combining the Network-Specific Prefix 2001:DB8:122:344::/64 and
the IPv4 address 192.0.2.33, resulting in the address 2001:DB8:122:
344:C0:2:2100::. The packet sent by B will be forwarded towards R,
and then to A, avoiding protocol translation.
Forwarding, and reverse path checks, should be performed on the Forwarding, and reverse path checks, should be performed on the
combination of the "prefix" and the IPv4 address. In theory, routers combination of the prefix and the IPv4 address. In theory, routers
should be able to route on prefixes of any length. However, routing should be able to route on prefixes of any length. However, routing
on prefixes larger than 64 bits may be slower. But routing on prefixes larger than 64 bits may be slower on some routers. But
efficiency is not the only consideration in the choice of a prefix routing efficiency is not the only consideration in the choice of a
length. Organizations also need to consider the availability of prefix length. Organizations also need to consider the availability
prefixes, and the potential impact of all-zeroes identifiers. of prefixes, and the potential impact of all-zeroes identifiers.
If a /32 prefix is used, all the routing bits are contained in the If a /32 prefix is used, all the routing bits are contained in the
top 64 bits of the IPv6 address, leading to excellent routing top 64 bits of the IPv6 address, leading to excellent routing
properties. These prefixes may however be hard to obtain, and properties. These prefixes may however be hard to obtain, and
allocation of a /32 to a small set of IPv4-Translatable addresses may allocation of a /32 to a small set of IPv4-Translatable IPv6
be seen as wasteful. In addition, the /32 prefix and a zero suffix addresses may be seen as wasteful. In addition, the /32 prefix and a
leads to an all-zeroes interface identifier, an issue that we discuss zero suffix leads to an all-zeroes interface identifier, an issue
in Section 3.5. that we discuss in Section 3.5.
Intermediate prefix lengths such as /40, /48 or /56 appear as Intermediate prefix lengths such as /40, /48 or /56 appear as
compromises. Only some of the IPv4 bits are part of the /64 compromises. Only some of the IPv4 bits are part of the /64
prefixes. Reverse path checks, in particular, may have a limited prefixes. Reverse path checks, in particular, may have a limited
efficiency. Reverse checks limited to the most significant bits of efficiency. Reverse path checks limited to the most significant bits
the IPv4 address will reduce the possibility of spoofing external of the IPv4 address will reduce the possibility of spoofing external
IPv4 address, but would allow IPv6 hosts to spoof internal IPv4- IPv4 address, but would allow IPv6 nodes to spoof internal IPv4-
Translatable addresses. Translatable addresses.
We propose here a compromise, based on using no more than 1/256th of We propose here a compromise, based on using no more than 1/256th of
an organization's allocation of IPv6 addresses for the IPv4/IPv6 an organization's allocation of IPv6 addresses for the IPv4/IPv6
translation service. For example, if the organization is an ISP, translation service. For example, if the organization is an Internet
with an allocated IPv6 prefix /32 or shorter, the ISP could dedicate Service Provider with an allocated IPv6 prefix /32 or shorter, the
a /40 prefix to the translation service. An end site with a /48 ISP could dedicate a /40 prefix to the translation service. An end
allocation could dedicate a /56 prefix to the translation service, or site with a /48 allocation could dedicate a /56 prefix to the
possibly a /96 prefix if all IPv4-Translatable IPv6 Addresses are translation service, or possibly a /96 prefix if all IPv4-
located on the same link. Translatable IPv6 addresses are located on the same link.
The recommended prefix length is also a function of the deployment The recommended prefix length is also a function of the deployment
scenario. The stateless translation can be used for Scenario 1, scenario. The stateless translation can be used for Scenario 1,
Scenario 2, Scenario 5 and Scenario 6 defined in Scenario 2, Scenario 5, and Scenario 6 defined in
[I-D.ietf-behave-v6v4-framework]. For different scenarios, the [I-D.ietf-behave-v6v4-framework]. For different scenarios, the
prefix length recommendations are: prefix length recommendations are:
o For scenario 1 (an IPv6 network to the IPv4 Internet) and scenario o For scenario 1 (an IPv6 network to the IPv4 Internet) and scenario
2 (the IPv4 Internet to an IPv6 network), we recommend using a /40 2 (the IPv4 Internet to an IPv6 network), we recommend using a /40
prefix for an ISP holding a /32 allocation, and a /56 prefix for a prefix for an ISP holding a /32 allocation, and a /56 prefix for a
site holding a /48 allocation. site holding a /48 allocation.
o For scenario 5 (an IPv6 network to an IPv4 network) and scenario 6 o For scenario 5 (an IPv6 network to an IPv4 network) and scenario 6
(an IPv4 network to an IPv6 network), we recommend using a /64 or (an IPv4 network to an IPv6 network), we recommend using a /64 or
a /96 prefix. a /96 prefix.
3.4. Choice of Prefix for Stateful Translation Deployments 3.4. Choice of Prefix for Stateful Translation Deployments
Organizations may deploy translation services based on stateful Organizations may deploy translation services based on stateful
translation technology. An organization may decide to use either a translation technology. An organization may decide to use either a
Network Specific Prefix or the Well-Known Prefix for its stateful Network-Specific Prefix or the Well-Known Prefix for its stateful
IPv4/IPv6 translation service. IPv4/IPv6 translation service.
When these services are used, IPv6 hosts are addressed through When these services are used, IPv6 nodes are addressed through
standard IPv6 addresses, while IPv4 hosts are represented by IPv4- standard IPv6 addresses, while IPv4 nodes are represented by IPv4-
Converted addresses, as specified in Section 2. Converted IPv6 addresses, as specified in Section 2.
The stateful nature of the translation creates a potential stability The stateful nature of the translation creates a potential stability
issue when the organization deploys multiple translators. If several issue when the organization deploys multiple translators. If several
translators use the same prefix, there is a risk that packets translators use the same prefix, there is a risk that packets
belonging to the same connection may be routed to different belonging to the same connection may be routed to different
translators as the internal routing state changes. This issue can be translators as the internal routing state changes. This issue can be
mitigated either by assigning different prefixes to different avoided either by assigning different prefixes to different
translators, or by ensuring that all translators using same prefix translators, or by ensuring that all translators using same prefix
coordinate their state. coordinate their state.
Stateful translation can be used in scenarios defined in Stateful translation can be used in scenarios defined in
[I-D.ietf-behave-v6v4-framework]. The Well Known Prefix SHOULD be [I-D.ietf-behave-v6v4-framework]. The Well Known Prefix SHOULD be
used in most scenarios, with two exceptions: used in these scenarios, with two exceptions:
o In all scenarios, the translation MAY use a Network Specific o In all scenarios, the translation MAY use a Network-Specific
Prefix, if deemed appropriate for management reasons. Prefix, if deemed appropriate for management reasons.
o The Well-Known Prefix MUST NOT be used for scenario 3 (the IPv6 o The Well-Known Prefix MUST NOT be used for scenario 3 (the IPv6
Internet to an IPv4 network), as this would lead to using the Internet to an IPv4 network), as this would lead to using the
Well-Known Prefix with non global IPv4 addresses. That means a Well-Known Prefix with non-global IPv4 addresses. That means a
Network Specific Prefix MUST be used in that scenario, for example Network-Specific Prefix MUST be used in that scenario, for example
a /96 prefix compatible with the Well Known prefix format. a /96 prefix compatible with the Well-Known prefix format.
3.5. Choice of Suffix 3.5. Choice of Suffix
The address format described in Section 2 recommends a zero suffix. The address format described in Section 2 recommends a zero suffix.
Before making this recommendation, we considered different options: Before making this recommendation, we considered different options:
checksum neutrality; the encoding of a port range; and a value checksum neutrality; the encoding of a port range; and a value
different than 0. different than 0.
In the case of stateless translation, there would be no need for the In the case of stateless translation, there would be no need for the
translator to recompute complement to 1 checksum if both the IPv4- translator to recompute a one's complement checksum if both the IPv4-
Translatable addresses and the IPv4-Converted address were Translatable and the IPv4-Converted IPv6 addresses were constructed
constructed in a "checksum-neutral" manner, that is if the IPv6 in a "checksum-neutral" manner, that is if the IPv6 addresses would
addresses would have the some complement to 1 checksum as the have the same one's complement checksum as the embedded IPv4 address.
embedded IPv4 address. In the case of stateful translation, checksum In the case of stateful translation, checksum neutrality does not
neutrality does eliminate checksums computation during translation, eliminate checksum computation during translation, as only one of the
as only one of the two addresses would be checksum neutral. We two addresses would be checksum neutral. We considered reserving 16
considered reserving 16 bits in the suffix to guarantee checksum bits in the suffix to guarantee checksum neutrality, but declined
neutrality, but declined because it would not help with stateful because it would not help with stateful translation, and because
translation, because checksum neutrality can also be achieved by an checksum neutrality can also be achieved by an appropriate choice of
appropriate choice of the Network Specific Prefix. The Well Known the Network-Specific Prefix, as was done for example with the Well-
Prefix was chosen to provide checksum neutrality. Known Prefix.
There have been proposals to complement stateless translation with a There have been proposals to complement stateless translation with a
port-range feature. Instead of mapping an IPv4 address to exactly port-range feature. Instead of mapping an IPv4 address to exactly
one IPv6 prefix, the options would allow several IPv6 hosts to share one IPv6 prefix, the options would allow several IPv6 nodes to share
an IPv4 address, with each host managing a different range of ports. an IPv4 address, with each node managing a different range of ports.
But these schemes are not yet specified in work group documents. If If a port range extension is needed, it could be defined later, using
a port range extension is needed, it could be defined later, using
bits currently reserved as null in the suffix. bits currently reserved as null in the suffix.
When a /32 prefix is used, an all-zero suffix results in an all-zero When a /32 prefix is used, an all-zero suffix results in an all-zero
interface identifier. We understand the conflict with Section 2.6.1 interface identifier. We understand the conflict with Section 2.6.1
of RFC4291, which specifies that all zeroes are used for the subnet- of RFC4291, which specifies that all zeroes are used for the subnet-
router anycast address. However, in our specification, there would router anycast address. However, in our specification, there would
be only one IPv4-Translatable node in the /64 subnet, and the anycast be only one node with an IPv4-Translatable IPv6 address in the /64
semantic would not create confusion. We thus decided to keep the subnet, and the anycast semantic would not create confusion. We thus
null suffix for now. (This issue does not exist for prefixes larger decided to keep the null suffix for now. This issue does not exist
than 32 bits, such as the /40, /56, /64 and /96 prefixes that we for prefixes larger than 32 bits, such as the /40, /56, /64 and /96
recommend in Section 3.3.) prefixes that we recommend in Section 3.3.
3.6. Choice of the Well-Known Prefix 3.6. Choice of the Well-Known Prefix
Before making our recommendation of the Well-Known Prefix, we were Before making our recommendation of the Well-Known Prefix, we were
faced with three choices: faced with three choices:
o reuse the IPv4-mapped prefix, ::FFFF:0:0/96, as specified in RFC o reuse the IPv4-mapped prefix, ::FFFF:0:0/96, as specified in RFC
2765 Section 2.1; 2765 Section 2.1;
o request IANA to allocate a /32 prefix, o request IANA to allocate a /32 prefix,
o or request allocation of a new /96 prefix. o or request allocation of a new /96 prefix.
We weighted the pros and cons of these choices before settling on the We weighted the pros and cons of these choices before settling on the
recommended /96 Well-Known Prefix. recommended /96 Well-Known Prefix.
The main advantage of the existing IPv4-mapped prefix is that it is The main advantage of the existing IPv4-mapped prefix is that it is
already defined. Reusing that prefix will require minimal already defined. Reusing that prefix would require minimal
standardization efforts. However, being already defined is not just standardization efforts. However, being already defined is not just
and advantage, as there may be side effects of current an advantage, as there may be side effects of current
implementations. When presented with the IPv4-mapped prefix, current implementations. When presented with the IPv4-mapped prefix, current
versions of Windows and MacOS generate IPv4 packets, but will not versions of Windows and MacOS generate IPv4 packets, but will not
send IPv6 packets. If we used the IPv4-mapped prefix, these hosts send IPv6 packets. If we used the IPv4-mapped prefix, these nodes
would not be able to support translation without modification. This would not be able to support translation without modification. This
will defeat the main purpose of the translation techniques. We thus will defeat the main purpose of the translation techniques. We thus
eliminated the first choice, and decided to not reuse the IPv4-mapped eliminated the first choice, and decided to not reuse the IPv4-mapped
prefix, ::FFFF:0:0/96. prefix, ::FFFF:0:0/96.
A /32 prefix would have allowed the embedded IPv4 address to fit A /32 prefix would have allowed the embedded IPv4 address to fit
within the top 64 bits of the IPv6 address. This would have within the top 64 bits of the IPv6 address. This would have
facilitated routing and load balancing when an organization deploys facilitated routing and load balancing when an organization deploys
several translators. However, such destination-address based load several translators. However, such destination-address based load
balancing may not be desirable. It is not compatible with STUN in balancing may not be desirable. It is not compatible with STUN in
skipping to change at page 12, line 36 skipping to change at page 13, line 17
According to Section 2.2 of [RFC4291], in the legal textual According to Section 2.2 of [RFC4291], in the legal textual
representations of IPv6 addresses, dotted decimal can only appear at representations of IPv6 addresses, dotted decimal can only appear at
the end. The /96 prefix is compatible with that requirement. It the end. The /96 prefix is compatible with that requirement. It
enables the dotted decimal notation without requiring an update to enables the dotted decimal notation without requiring an update to
[RFC4291]. This representation makes the address format easier to [RFC4291]. This representation makes the address format easier to
use, and log files easier to read. use, and log files easier to read.
The prefix that we recommend has the particularity of being "checksum The prefix that we recommend has the particularity of being "checksum
neutral". The sum of the hexadecimal numbers "0064" and "FF9B" is neutral". The sum of the hexadecimal numbers "0064" and "FF9B" is
"FFFF", i.e. a value equal to zero in complement to 1 arithmetic. An "FFFF", i.e. a value equal to zero in one's complement arithmetic.
IPv4-Embedded IPv6 address constructed with this prefix will have the An IPv4-Embedded IPv6 address constructed with this prefix will have
same complement to 1 checksum as the embedded IPv4 address. the same one's complement checksum as the embedded IPv4 address.
4. Security Considerations 4. Security Considerations
4.1. Protection Against Spoofing 4.1. Protection Against Spoofing
By and large, address translators can be modeled as special routers, By and large, IPv4/IPv6 translators can be modeled as special
are subject to the same risks, and can implement the same routers, are subject to the same risks, and can implement the same
mitigations. There is however a particular risk that directly mitigations. There is however a particular risk that directly
derives from the practice of embedding IPv4 addresses in IPv6: derives from the practice of embedding IPv4 addresses in IPv6:
address spoofing. address spoofing.
An attacker could use an IPv4-Embedded address as the source address An attacker could use an IPv4-Embedded IPv6 address as the source
of malicious packets. After translation, the packets will appear as address of malicious packets. After translation, the packets will
IPv4 packets from the specified source, and the attacker may be hard appear as IPv4 packets from the specified source, and the attacker
to track. If left without mitigation, the attack would allow may be hard to track. If left without mitigation, the attack would
malicious IPv6 nodes to spoof arbitrary IPv4 addresses. allow malicious IPv6 nodes to spoof arbitrary IPv4 addresses.
The mitigation is to implement reverse path checks, and to verify The mitigation is to implement reverse path checks, and to verify
throughout the network that packets are coming from an authorized throughout the network that packets are coming from an authorized
location. location.
4.2. Secure Configuration 4.2. Secure Configuration
The prefixes and formats need to be the configured consistently among The prefixes and formats need to be the configured consistently among
multiple devices in the same network (e.g., hosts that need to prefer multiple devices in the same network (e.g., nodes that need to prefer
native over translated addresses, DNS gateways, and IPv4/IPv6 native over translated addresses, DNS gateways, and IPv4/IPv6
translators). As such, the means by which they are learned/ translators). As such, the means by which they are learned/
configured MUST be secure. Specifying a default prefix and/or format configured MUST be secure. Specifying a default prefix and/or format
in implementations provides one way to configure them securely. Any in implementations provides one way to configure them securely. Any
alternative means of configuration is responsible for specifying how alternative means of configuration is responsible for specifying how
to do so securely. to do so securely.
5. IANA Considerations 5. IANA Considerations
The Well Known Prefix falls into the range ::/8 reserved by the IETF. The Well Known Prefix falls into the range ::/8 reserved by the IETF.
skipping to change at page 15, line 37 skipping to change at page 16, line 37
draft-ietf-behave-v6v4-framework-03 (work in progress), draft-ietf-behave-v6v4-framework-03 (work in progress),
October 2009. October 2009.
[RFC1918] Rekhter, Y., Moskowitz, R., Karrenberg, D., Groot, G., and [RFC1918] Rekhter, Y., Moskowitz, R., Karrenberg, D., Groot, G., and
E. Lear, "Address Allocation for Private Internets", E. Lear, "Address Allocation for Private Internets",
BCP 5, RFC 1918, February 1996. BCP 5, RFC 1918, February 1996.
[RFC3330] IANA, "Special-Use IPv4 Addresses", RFC 3330, [RFC3330] IANA, "Special-Use IPv4 Addresses", RFC 3330,
September 2002. September 2002.
[RFC3484] Draves, R., "Default Address Selection for Internet
Protocol version 6 (IPv6)", RFC 3484, February 2003.
[RFC3849] Huston, G., Lord, A., and P. Smith, "IPv6 Address Prefix [RFC3849] Huston, G., Lord, A., and P. Smith, "IPv6 Address Prefix
Reserved for Documentation", RFC 3849, July 2004. Reserved for Documentation", RFC 3849, July 2004.
[RFC4271] Rekhter, Y., Li, T., and S. Hares, "A Border Gateway [RFC4271] Rekhter, Y., Li, T., and S. Hares, "A Border Gateway
Protocol 4 (BGP-4)", RFC 4271, January 2006. Protocol 4 (BGP-4)", RFC 4271, January 2006.
Authors' Addresses Authors' Addresses
Christian Huitema Christian Huitema
Microsoft Corporation Microsoft Corporation
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