< draft-ietf-detnet-problem-statement-03.txt		draft-ietf-detnet-problem-statement-04.txt >
	detnet N. Finn		detnet N. Finn
	Internet-Draft Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd		Internet-Draft Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd
	Intended status: Informational P. Thubert		Intended status: Informational P. Thubert
	Expires: September 19, 2018 Cisco		Expires: December 8, 2018 Cisco
	March 18, 2018		June 6, 2018
	Deterministic Networking Problem Statement		Deterministic Networking Problem Statement
	draft-ietf-detnet-problem-statement-03		draft-ietf-detnet-problem-statement-04
	Abstract		Abstract
	This paper documents the needs in various industries to establish		This paper documents the needs in various industries to establish
	multi-hop paths for characterized flows with deterministic properties		multi-hop paths for characterized flows with deterministic properties
	.		.
	Status of This Memo		Status of This Memo
	This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the		This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
	skipping to change at page 1, line 33 ¶		skipping to change at page 1, line 33 ¶
	Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering		Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
	Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute		Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
	working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-		working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
	Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.		Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
	Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months		Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
	and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any		and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
	time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference		time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
	material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."		material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
	This Internet-Draft will expire on September 19, 2018.		This Internet-Draft will expire on December 8, 2018.
	Copyright Notice		Copyright Notice
	Copyright (c) 2018 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the		Copyright (c) 2018 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
	document authors. All rights reserved.		document authors. All rights reserved.
	This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal		This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
	Provisions Relating to IETF Documents		Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
	(https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of		(https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
	publication of this document. Please review these documents		publication of this document. Please review these documents
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	3. Problem Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6		3. Problem Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
	3.1. Supported topologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6		3.1. Supported topologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
	3.2. Flow Characterization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6		3.2. Flow Characterization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
	3.3. Centralized Path Computation and Installation . . . . . . 6		3.3. Centralized Path Computation and Installation . . . . . . 6
	3.4. Distributed Path Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7		3.4. Distributed Path Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
	3.5. Duplicated data format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8		3.5. Duplicated data format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
	4. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8		4. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
	5. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9		5. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
	6. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9		6. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
	7. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9		7. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
	Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10		Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
	1. Introduction		1. Introduction
	The Deterministic Networking Use Cases [I-D.ietf-detnet-use-cases]		The Deterministic Networking Use Cases [I-D.ietf-detnet-use-cases]
	document illustrates that beyond the classical case of industrial		document illustrates that beyond the classical case of industrial
	automation and control systems (IACS), there are in fact multiple		automation and control systems (IACS), there are in fact multiple
	industries with strong and yet relatively similar needs for		industries with strong and yet relatively similar needs for
	deterministic network services with latency guarantees and ultra-low		deterministic network services with latency guarantees and ultra-low
	packet loss.		packet loss.
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	dramatically over the last 30-40 years. Video and audio		dramatically over the last 30-40 years. Video and audio
	entertainment, and control systems for machinery, manufacturing		entertainment, and control systems for machinery, manufacturing
	processes, and vehicles are also ubiquitous, and are now based almost		processes, and vehicles are also ubiquitous, and are now based almost
	entirely on digital technologies. Over the past 10 years, engineers		entirely on digital technologies. Over the past 10 years, engineers
	in these fields have come to realize that significant advantages in		in these fields have come to realize that significant advantages in
	both cost and in the ability to accelerate growth can be obtained by		both cost and in the ability to accelerate growth can be obtained by
	basing all of these disparate digital technologies on packet		basing all of these disparate digital technologies on packet
	networks.		networks.
	The goals of Deterministic Networking are to enable the migration of		The goals of Deterministic Networking are to enable the migration of
	applications that use special-purpose fieldbus technologies (HDMI,		applications with critical timing and reliability issues that
	CANbus, ProfiBus, etc... even RS-232!) to packet technologies in		currently use special-purpose fieldbus technologies (HDMI, CANbus,
	general, and the Internet Protocol in particular, and to support both		ProfiBus, etc... even RS-232!) to packet technologies in general, and
	these new applications, and existing packet network applications,		the Internet Protocol in particular, and to support both these new
	over the same physical network.		applications, and existing packet network applications, over the same
			physical network.
	Considerable experience ([ODVA]/[EIP],[AVnu],		Considerable experience ([ODVA]/[EIP],[AVnu],
	[Profinet],[HART],[IEC62439], [ISA100.11a] and [WirelessHART],		[Profinet],[HART],[IEC62439], [ISA100.11a] and [WirelessHART],
	etc...) has shown that these applications need a some or all of a		etc...) has shown that these applications need a some or all of a
	suite of features that includes:		suite of features that includes:
	1. Time synchronization of all host and network nodes (routers and/		1. Time synchronization of all host and network nodes (routers and/
	or bridges), accurate to something between 10 nanoseconds and 10		or bridges), accurate to something between 10 nanoseconds and 10
	microseconds, depending on the application.		microseconds, depending on the application.
	2. Support for critical packet flows that:		2. Support for Deterministic packet flows that:
	* Can be unicast or multicast;		* Can be unicast or multicast;
	* Need absolute guarantees of minimum and maximum latency end-		* Need absolute guarantees of minimum and maximum latency end-
	to-end across the network; sometimes a tight jitter is		to-end across the network; sometimes a tight jitter is
	required as well;		required as well;
	* Need a packet loss ratio beyond the classical range for a		* Need a packet loss ratio beyond the classical range for a
	particular medium, in the range of 10^-9 to 10^-12, or better,		particular medium, in the range of 10^-9 to 10^-12, or better,
	on Ethernet, and in the order of 10^-5 in Wireless Sensor Mesh		on Ethernet, and in the order of 10^-5 in Wireless Sensor Mesh
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	On the other end, the deterministic portion of a path may be a tunnel		On the other end, the deterministic portion of a path may be a tunnel
	between and ingress and an egress router. In any case, routers and		between and ingress and an egress router. In any case, routers and
	switches in between should not need to be aware whether the path is		switches in between should not need to be aware whether the path is
	end-to-end of a tunnel.		end-to-end of a tunnel.
	While it is clear that DetNet does not aim at setting up		While it is clear that DetNet does not aim at setting up
	deterministic paths over the global Internet, there is still a lack		deterministic paths over the global Internet, there is still a lack
	of clarity on the limits of a domain where a deterministic path can		of clarity on the limits of a domain where a deterministic path can
	be set up. These limits may depend in the technology that is used to		be set up. These limits may depend in the technology that is used to
	seu th epath up, whether it is centralized or distributed.		set the path up, whether it is centralized or distributed.
	3.2. Flow Characterization		3.2. Flow Characterization
	Deterministic forwarding can only apply on flows with well-defined		Deterministic forwarding can only apply on flows with well-defined
	characteristics such as periodicity and burstiness. Before a path		characteristics such as periodicity and burstiness. Before a path
	can be established to serve them, the expression of those		can be established to serve them, the expression of those
	characteristics, and how the network can serve them, for instance in		characteristics, and how the network can serve them, for instance in
	shaping and forwarding operations, must be specified.		shaping and forwarding operations, must be specified.
	3.3. Centralized Path Computation and Installation		3.3. Centralized Path Computation and Installation
	skipping to change at page 7, line 46 ¶		skipping to change at page 7, line 46 ¶
	To enable a RSVP-TE like functionality, the following steps would		To enable a RSVP-TE like functionality, the following steps would
	take place:		take place:
	1. Neighbors and their capabilities are discovered and exposed to		1. Neighbors and their capabilities are discovered and exposed to
	compute a path that fits the DetNet constraints, typically of		compute a path that fits the DetNet constraints, typically of
	latency, time precision and resource availability.		latency, time precision and resource availability.
	2. A constrained path is calculated with an improved version of CSPF		2. A constrained path is calculated with an improved version of CSPF
	that is aware of DetNet.		that is aware of DetNet.
	3. The path is installed using RSVP-TE, associated with flow		3. The path may be installed using a control protocol such as RSVP-
	identification, per-hop behavior such as replication and		TE, associated with flow identification, per-hop behavior such as
	elimination, blocked resources, and flow timing information.		Packet Replication and Elimination, blocked resources, and flow
			timing information. Alternatively, the routing and flow
			information may be placed in-band in the packet, e.g., using
			Segment Routing, in which case the packet is routed along a
			prescribed source route path following forwarding indications
			that are present in the packet.
	4. Traffic flows are transported through the MPLS-TE tunnel, using		4. Traffic flows are transported through the MPLS-TE tunnel, using
	the reserved resources for this flow at each hop.		the reserved resources for this flow at each hop.
	3.5. Duplicated data format		3.5. Duplicated data format
	In some cases the duplication and elimination of packets over non-		In some cases the duplication and elimination of packets over non-
	congruent paths is required to achieve a sufficiently high delivery		congruent paths is required to achieve a sufficiently high delivery
	ratio to meet application needs. In these cases, a small number of		ratio to meet application needs. In these cases, a small number of
	packet formats and supporting protocols are required (preferably,		packet formats and supporting protocols are required (preferably,
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	resources such as Ethernet trunks and radio spectrum. The		resources such as Ethernet trunks and radio spectrum. The
	requirement is that there is no possible data leak from and into a		requirement is that there is no possible data leak from and into a
	deterministic flow, and in a more general fashion there is no		deterministic flow, and in a more general fashion there is no
	possible influence whatsoever from the outside on a deterministic		possible influence whatsoever from the outside on a deterministic
	flow. The expectation is that physical resources are effectively		flow. The expectation is that physical resources are effectively
	associated with a given flow at a given point of time. In that		associated with a given flow at a given point of time. In that
	model, Time Sharing of physical resources becomes transparent to the		model, Time Sharing of physical resources becomes transparent to the
	individual flows which have no clue whether the resources are used by		individual flows which have no clue whether the resources are used by
	other flows at other times.		other flows at other times.
	Security must cover:		The overall security of a deterministic system must cover:
	o the protection of the signaling protocol		o the protection of the signaling protocol
	o the authentication and authorization of the controlling nodes		o the authentication and authorization of the controlling nodes
	o the identification and shaping of the flows		o the identification and shaping of the flows
	o the isolation of flows from leakage and other influences from any		o the isolation of flows from leakage and other influences from any
	activity sharing physical resources.		activity sharing physical resources.
	5. IANA Considerations		5. IANA Considerations
	This document does not require an action from IANA.		This document does not require an action from IANA.
	6. Acknowledgments		6. Acknowledgments
	The authors wish to thank Lou Berger, Jouni Korhonen, Erik Nordmark,		The authors wish to thank Lou Berger, Stewart Bryant, Janos Farkas,
	George Swallow, Rudy Klecka, Anca Zamfir, David Black, Thomas		Andrew Malis, Jouni Korhonen, Erik Nordmark, George Swallow, Rudy
	Watteyne, Shitanshu Shah, Craig Gunther, Rodney Cummings, Wilfried		Klecka, Anca Zamfir, David Black, Thomas Watteyne, Shitanshu Shah,
	Steiner, Marcel Kiessling, Karl Weber, Ethan Grossman, Patrick		Kiran Makhijani, Craig Gunther, Rodney Cummings, Wilfried Steiner,
	Wetterwald, Subha Dhesikan, Rudy Klecka and Pat Thaler for their		Marcel Kiessling, Karl Weber, Ethan Grossman, Patrick Wetterwald,
	various contribution to this work.		Subha Dhesikan, Rudy Klecka and Pat Thaler for their various
			contributions to this work.
	7. Informative References		7. Informative References
	[AVnu] http://www.avnu.org/, "The AVnu Alliance tests and		[AVnu] http://www.avnu.org/, "The AVnu Alliance tests and
	certifies devices for interoperability, providing a simple		certifies devices for interoperability, providing a simple
	and reliable networking solution for AV network		and reliable networking solution for AV network
	implementation based on the IEEE Audio Video Bridging		implementation based on the IEEE Audio Video Bridging
	(AVB) and Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) standards.".		(AVB) and Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) standards.".
	[EIP] http://www.odva.org/, "EtherNet/IP provides users with the		[EIP] http://www.odva.org/, "EtherNet/IP provides users with the
	skipping to change at page 9, line 41 ¶		skipping to change at page 9, line 46 ¶
	<http://www.odva.org/Portals/0/Library/		<http://www.odva.org/Portals/0/Library/
	Publications_Numbered/		Publications_Numbered/
	PUB00138R3_CIP_Adv_Tech_Series_EtherNetIP.pdf>.		PUB00138R3_CIP_Adv_Tech_Series_EtherNetIP.pdf>.
	[HART] www.hartcomm.org, "Highway Addressable Remote Transducer,		[HART] www.hartcomm.org, "Highway Addressable Remote Transducer,
	a group of specifications for industrial process and		a group of specifications for industrial process and
	control devices administered by the HART Foundation".		control devices administered by the HART Foundation".
	[I-D.ietf-detnet-use-cases]		[I-D.ietf-detnet-use-cases]
	Grossman, E., "Deterministic Networking Use Cases", draft-		Grossman, E., "Deterministic Networking Use Cases", draft-
	ietf-detnet-use-cases-14 (work in progress), February		ietf-detnet-use-cases-16 (work in progress), May 2018.
	2018.
	[IEC62439]		[IEC62439]
	IEC, "Industrial communication networks - High		IEC, "Industrial communication networks - High
	availability automation networks - Part 3: Parallel		availability automation networks - Part 3: Parallel
	Redundancy Protocol (PRP) and High-availability Seamless		Redundancy Protocol (PRP) and High-availability Seamless
	Redundancy (HSR) - IEC62439-3", 2012,		Redundancy (HSR) - IEC62439-3", 2012,
	<https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/7018>.		<https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/7018>.
	[IEEE802.1TSNTG]		[IEEE802.1TSNTG]
	IEEE Standards Association, "IEEE 802.1 Time-Sensitive		IEEE Standards Association, "IEEE 802.1 Time-Sensitive
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