< draft-ietf-ecrit-data-only-ea-13.txt   draft-ietf-ecrit-data-only-ea-14.txt >
ECRIT B. Rosen ECRIT B. Rosen
Internet-Draft NeuStar, Inc. Internet-Draft NeuStar, Inc.
Intended status: Standards Track H. Schulzrinne Intended status: Standards Track H. Schulzrinne
Expires: January 20, 2017 Columbia U. Expires: May 3, 2018 Columbia U.
H. Tschofenig H. Tschofenig
ARM Limited ARM Limited
R. Gellens R. Gellens
July 19, 2016 October 30, 2017
Data-Only Emergency Calls Data-Only Emergency Calls
draft-ietf-ecrit-data-only-ea-13.txt draft-ietf-ecrit-data-only-ea-14
Abstract Abstract
RFC 6443 'Framework for Emergency Calling Using Internet Multimedia' RFC 6443 'Framework for Emergency Calling Using Internet Multimedia'
describes how devices use the Internet to place emergency calls and describes how devices use the Internet to place emergency calls and
how Public Safety Answering Points (PSAPs) handle Internet multimedia how Public Safety Answering Points (PSAPs) handle Internet multimedia
emergency calls natively. The exchange of multimedia traffic for emergency calls natively. The exchange of multimedia traffic for
emergency services involves a SIP session establishment starting with emergency services involves a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
a SIP INVITE that negotiates various parameters for that session. session establishment starting with a SIP INVITE that negotiates
various parameters for that session.
In some cases, however, the transmission of application data is all In some cases, however, the transmission of application data is all
that is needed. Examples of such environments include alerts issued that is needed. Examples of such environments include alerts issued
by a temperature sensor, burglar alarm, or chemical spill sensor. by a temperature sensor, burglar alarm, or chemical spill sensor.
Often these alerts are conveyed as one-shot data transmissions. Often these alerts are conveyed as one-shot data transmissions.
These type of interactions are called 'data-only emergency calls'. These type of interactions are called 'data-only emergency calls'.
This document describes a container for the data based on the Common This document describes a container for the data based on the Common
Alerting Protocol (CAP) and its transmission using the SIP MESSAGE Alerting Protocol (CAP) and its transmission using the SIP MESSAGE
transaction. transaction.
Status of This Memo Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on January 20, 2017. This Internet-Draft will expire on May 3, 2018.
Copyright Notice Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2016 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the Copyright (c) 2017 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved. document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents publication of this document. Please review these documents
carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License. described in the Simplified BSD License.
Table of Contents Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
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URI that is used by the recipient (or in some cases, an intermediary) URI that is used by the recipient (or in some cases, an intermediary)
to obtain the CAP message. Alternative, the Call-Info header field to obtain the CAP message. Alternative, the Call-Info header field
may contain a Content Indirect url [RFC2392] and the CAP message may contain a Content Indirect url [RFC2392] and the CAP message
included in the body of the message. In the latter case, the CAP included in the body of the message. In the latter case, the CAP
message is located in a MIME block of the type 'application/ message is located in a MIME block of the type 'application/
emergencyCallData.cap+xml'. emergencyCallData.cap+xml'.
If the SIP server does not support the functionality required to If the SIP server does not support the functionality required to
fulfill the request then a 501 Not Implemented MUST be returned as fulfill the request then a 501 Not Implemented MUST be returned as
specified in RFC 3261 [RFC3261]. This is the appropriate response specified in RFC 3261 [RFC3261]. This is the appropriate response
when a UAS does not recognize the request method and is not capable when a User Agent Server (UAS) does not recognize the request method
of supporting it for any user. and is not capable of supporting it for any user.
The 415 Unsupported Media Type error MUST be returned as specified in The 415 Unsupported Media Type error MUST be returned as specified in
RFC 3261 [RFC3261] if the SIP server is refusing to service the RFC 3261 [RFC3261] if the SIP server is refusing to service the
request because the message body of the request is in a format not request because the message body of the request is in a format not
supported by the server for the requested method. The server MUST supported by the server for the requested method. The server MUST
return a list of acceptable formats using the Accept, Accept- return a list of acceptable formats using the Accept, Accept-
Encoding, or Accept-Language header fields, depending on the specific Encoding, or Accept-Language header fields, depending on the specific
problem with the content. problem with the content.
4.2. Profiling of the CAP Document Content 4.2. Profiling of the CAP Document Content
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scope: The value of the <scope> element MAY be set to "Private" if scope: The value of the <scope> element MAY be set to "Private" if
the alert is not meant for public consumption. The <addresses> the alert is not meant for public consumption. The <addresses>
element is, however, not used by this specification since the element is, however, not used by this specification since the
message routing is performed by SIP and the respective address message routing is performed by SIP and the respective address
information is already available in other SIP header fields. information is already available in other SIP header fields.
Populating information twice into different parts of the message Populating information twice into different parts of the message
may lead to inconsistency. may lead to inconsistency.
parameter: The <parameter> element MAY contain additional parameter: The <parameter> element MAY contain additional
information specific to the sendor. information specific to the sender.
area: It is RECOMMENDED to omit this element when constructing a area: It is RECOMMENDED to omit this element when constructing a
message. If the CAP message already contains an <area> element, message. If the CAP message already contains an <area> element,
then the specified location information SHOULD be copied into the then the specified location information SHOULD be copied into the
PIDF-LO structure of the 'geolocation' header field. PIDF-LO structure of the 'geolocation' header field.
4.3. Sending a Data-Only Emergency Call 4.3. Sending a Data-Only Emergency Call
A data-only emergency call is sent using a SIP MESSAGE transaction A data-only emergency call is sent using a SIP MESSAGE transaction
with a CAP URI or body as described above in a manner similar to how with a CAP URI or body as described above in a manner similar to how
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This SIP extension creates a new location-specific response code, This SIP extension creates a new location-specific response code,
defined as follows: defined as follows:
425 (Bad Alert Message) 425 (Bad Alert Message)
The 425 response code is a rejection of the request due to its The 425 response code is a rejection of the request due to its
included alert content, indicating that it was malformed or not included alert content, indicating that it was malformed or not
satisfactory for the recipient's purpose. satisfactory for the recipient's purpose.
A SIP intermediary can also reject an alert it receives from a UA A SIP intermediary can also reject an alert it receives from a User
when it understands that the provided alert is malformed. Agent (UA) when it understands that the provided alert is malformed.
Section 5.2 describes an AlertMsg-Error header field with more Section 5.2 describes an AlertMsg-Error header field with more
details about what was wrong with the alert message in the request. details about what was wrong with the alert message in the request.
This header field MUST be included in the 425 response. This header field MUST be included in the 425 response.
It is only appropriate to generate a 425 response when the responding It is only appropriate to generate a 425 response when the responding
entity has no other information in the request that is usable by the entity has no other information in the request that is usable by the
responder. responder.
A 425 response code MUST NOT be sent in response to a request that A 425 response code MUST NOT be sent in response to a request that
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HCOLON, SEMI, and EQUAL are defined in RFC3261 [RFC3261]. DIGIT is HCOLON, SEMI, and EQUAL are defined in RFC3261 [RFC3261]. DIGIT is
defined in RFC5234 [RFC5234]. defined in RFC5234 [RFC5234].
The AlertMsg-Error header field MUST contain only one ErrorValue to The AlertMsg-Error header field MUST contain only one ErrorValue to
indicate what was wrong with the alert payload the recipient indicate what was wrong with the alert payload the recipient
determined was bad. determined was bad.
The ErrorValue contains a 3-digit error code indicating what was The ErrorValue contains a 3-digit error code indicating what was
wrong with the alert in the request. This error code has a wrong with the alert in the request. This error code has a
corresponding quoted error text string that is human understandable. corresponding quoted error text string that is human understandable.
The text string are OPTIONAL, but RECOMMENDED for human readability, The text string is OPTIONAL, but RECOMMENDED for human readability,
similar to the string phrase used for SIP response codes. That said, similar to the string phrase used for SIP response codes. That said,
the strings are complete enough for rendering to the user, if so the strings are complete enough for rendering to the user, if so
desired. The strings in this document are recommendations, and are desired. The strings in this document are recommendations, and are
not standardized -- meaning an operator can change the strings -- but not standardized -- meaning an operator can change the strings -- but
MUST NOT change the meaning of the error code. Similar to how RFC MUST NOT change the meaning of the error code. Similar to how RFC
3261 specifies, there MUST NOT be more than one string per error 3261 specifies, there MUST NOT be more than one string per error
code. code.
The AlertMsg-Error header field MAY be included in any response if an The AlertMsg-Error header field MAY be included in any response if an
alert message was in the request part of the same transaction. For alert message was in the request part of the same transaction. For
example, a UA includes an alert in an MESSAGE to a PSAP. The PSAP example, a UA includes an alert in a MESSAGE to a PSAP. The PSAP can
can accept this MESSAGE, thus creating a dialog, even though its UA accept this MESSAGE, thus creating a dialog, even though its UA
determined that the alert message contained in the MESSAGE was bad. determined that the alert message contained in the MESSAGE was bad.
The PSAP merely includes an AlertMsg-Error header field value in the The PSAP merely includes an AlertMsg-Error header field value in the
200 OK to the MESSAGE, thus informing the UA that the MESSAGE was 200 OK to the MESSAGE, thus informing the UA that the MESSAGE was
accepted but the alert provided was bad. accepted but the alert provided was bad.
If, on the other hand, the PSAP cannot accept the transaction without If, on the other hand, the PSAP cannot accept the transaction without
a suitable alert message, a 425 response is sent. a suitable alert message, a 425 response is sent.
A SIP intermediary that requires the UA's alert message in order to A SIP intermediary that requires the UA's alert message in order to
properly process the transaction may also sends a 425 with an properly process the transaction may also sends a 425 with an
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use of the by-reference mechanisms defined in use of the by-reference mechanisms defined in
[I-D.ietf-ecrit-additional-data], which involves making the data [I-D.ietf-ecrit-additional-data], which involves making the data
available via HTTPS (either at the originator or at another entity), available via HTTPS (either at the originator or at another entity),
placing a URI to the data in the 'Call-Info' header field, and the placing a URI to the data in the 'Call-Info' header field, and the
recipient using HTTPS to retrieve the data. The CAP message itself recipient using HTTPS to retrieve the data. The CAP message itself
can be sent by-reference using this mechanism, as well as any or all can be sent by-reference using this mechanism, as well as any or all
of the Additional Data blocks that may contain sensor-specific data. of the Additional Data blocks that may contain sensor-specific data.
8. Example 8. Example
This example shows a CAP document indicating a BURGLARY alert issued The following example shows a CAP document indicating a BURGLARY
by a sensor called 'sensor1@domain.com'. The location of the sensor alert issued by a sensor called 'sensor1@domain.com'. The location
can be obtained from the attached location information provided via of the sensor can be obtained from the attached location information
the 'geolocation' header field contained in the SIP MESSAGE provided via the 'geolocation' header field contained in the SIP
structure. Additionally, the sensor provided some data along with MESSAGE structure. Additionally, the sensor provided some data along
the alert message, using proprietary information elements intended with the alert message, using proprietary information elements
only to be processed by the receiver, a SIP entity acting as an intended only to be processed by the receiver, a SIP entity acting as
aggregator. an aggregator.
MESSAGE sip:aggregator@domain.com SIP/2.0 MESSAGE sip:aggregator@domain.com SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP sensor1.domain.com;branch=z9hG4bK776sgdkse Via: SIP/2.0/TCP sensor1.domain.com;branch=z9hG4bK776sgdkse
Max-Forwards: 70 Max-Forwards: 70
From: sip:sensor1@domain.com;tag=49583 From: sip:sensor1@domain.com;tag=49583
To: sip:aggregator@domain.com To: sip:aggregator@domain.com
Call-ID: asd88asd77a@1.2.3.4 Call-ID: asd88asd77a@2001:DB8:0:0FF
Geolocation: <cid:abcdef@domain.com> Geolocation: <cid:abcdef@domain.com>
;routing-allowed=yes ;routing-allowed=yes
Supported: geolocation Supported: geolocation
Accept: application/pidf+xml,application/EmergencyCallData.cap+xml Accept: application/pidf+xml,application/EmergencyCallData.cap+xml
CSeq: 1 MESSAGE CSeq: 1 MESSAGE
Call-Info: cid:abcdef2@domain.com;purpose=EmergencyCallData.cap Call-Info: cid:abcdef2@domain.com;purpose=EmergencyCallData.cap
Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary=boundary1 Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary=boundary1
Content-Length: ... Content-Length: ...
--boundary1 --boundary1
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</gp:usage-rules> </gp:usage-rules>
<gp:method>802.11</gp:method> <gp:method>802.11</gp:method>
</gp:geopriv> </gp:geopriv>
<dm:timestamp>2010-11-04T20:57:29Z</dm:timestamp> <dm:timestamp>2010-11-04T20:57:29Z</dm:timestamp>
</dm:device> </dm:device>
</presence> </presence>
--boundary1-- --boundary1--
Figure 3: Example Message conveying an Alert to an aggregator Figure 3: Example Message conveying an Alert to an aggregator
This shows the same CAP document sent as a data-only emergency call The following shows the same CAP document sent as a data-only
towards a PSAP. emergency call towards a PSAP.
MESSAGE urn:service:sos SIP/2.0 MESSAGE urn:service:sos SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP sip:aggreg.1.example.com;branch=z9hG4bK776abssa Via: SIP/2.0/TCP sip:aggreg.1.example.com;branch=z9hG4bK776abssa
Max-Forwards: 70 Max-Forwards: 70
From: sip:aggregator@example.com;tag=32336 From: sip:aggregator@example.com;tag=32336
To: 112 To: 112
Call-ID: asdf33443a@example.com Call-ID: asdf33443a@example.com
Route: sip:psap1.example.gov Route: sip:psap1.example.gov
Geolocation: <cid:abcdef@example.com> Geolocation: <cid:abcdef@example.com>
;routing-allowed=yes ;routing-allowed=yes
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contains the mandatory <identifier>, <sender>, <sent> elements and an contains the mandatory <identifier>, <sender>, <sent> elements and an
optional <expire> element. Together, these elements make the CAP optional <expire> element. Together, these elements make the CAP
document unique for a specific sender and provide time restrictions. document unique for a specific sender and provide time restrictions.
An entity that has already received a CAP message within the An entity that has already received a CAP message within the
indicated timeframe is able to detect a replayed message and, if the indicated timeframe is able to detect a replayed message and, if the
content of that message is unchanged, then no additional security content of that message is unchanged, then no additional security
vulnerability is created. Additionally, it is RECOMMENDED to make vulnerability is created. Additionally, it is RECOMMENDED to make
use of SIP security mechanisms, such as SIP Identity [RFC4474], to use of SIP security mechanisms, such as SIP Identity [RFC4474], to
tie the CAP message to the SIP message. To provide protection of the tie the CAP message to the SIP message. To provide protection of the
entire SIP message exchange between neighboring SIP entities, the entire SIP message exchange between neighboring SIP entities, the
usage of TLS is MANDATORY. usage of TLS is REQUIRED.
Note that none of the security mechanism in this document protect Note that none of the security mechanism in this document protect
against a compromised sensor sending crafted alerts. Privacy against a compromised sensor sending crafted alerts. Privacy
provided for any emergency calls, including data-only messages, is provided for any emergency calls, including data-only messages, is
subject to local regulations. subject to local regulations.
10. IANA Considerations 10. IANA Considerations
10.1. Registration of the 'application/EmergencyCallData.cap+xml' MIME 10.1. Registration of the 'application/EmergencyCallData.cap+xml' MIME
type type
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12.1. Normative References 12.1. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", March 1997. Requirement Levels", March 1997.
[cap] Jones, E. and A. Botterell, "Common Alerting Protocol v. [cap] Jones, E. and A. Botterell, "Common Alerting Protocol v.
1.1", October 2005. 1.1", October 2005.
[RFC2392] Levinson, E., "Content-ID and Message-ID Uniform Resource [RFC2392] Levinson, E., "Content-ID and Message-ID Uniform Resource
Locators", RFC 2392, DOI 10.17487/RFC2392, August 1998, Locators", RFC 2392, DOI 10.17487/RFC2392, August 1998,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2392>. <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2392>.
[RFC3261] Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., Camarillo, G., Johnston, [RFC3261] Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., Camarillo, G., Johnston,
A., Peterson, J., Sparks, R., Handley, M., and E. A., Peterson, J., Sparks, R., Handley, M., and E.
Schooler, "SIP: Session Initiation Protocol", RFC 3261, Schooler, "SIP: Session Initiation Protocol", RFC 3261,
DOI 10.17487/RFC3261, June 2002, DOI 10.17487/RFC3261, June 2002,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3261>. <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3261>.
[RFC3428] Campbell, B., Ed., Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., [RFC3428] Campbell, B., Ed., Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H.,
Huitema, C., and D. Gurle, "Session Initiation Protocol Huitema, C., and D. Gurle, "Session Initiation Protocol
(SIP) Extension for Instant Messaging", RFC 3428, (SIP) Extension for Instant Messaging", RFC 3428,
DOI 10.17487/RFC3428, December 2002, DOI 10.17487/RFC3428, December 2002,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3428>. <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3428>.
[RFC5234] Crocker, D., Ed. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax [RFC5234] Crocker, D., Ed. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
Specifications: ABNF", STD 68, RFC 5234, Specifications: ABNF", STD 68, RFC 5234,
DOI 10.17487/RFC5234, January 2008, DOI 10.17487/RFC5234, January 2008,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5234>. <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5234>.
[RFC3023] Murata, M., St. Laurent, S., and D. Kohn, "XML Media [RFC3023] Murata, M., St. Laurent, S., and D. Kohn, "XML Media
Types", RFC 3023, DOI 10.17487/RFC3023, January 2001, Types", RFC 3023, DOI 10.17487/RFC3023, January 2001,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3023>. <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3023>.
[RFC3629] Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO [RFC3629] Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO
10646", STD 63, RFC 3629, DOI 10.17487/RFC3629, November 10646", STD 63, RFC 3629, DOI 10.17487/RFC3629, November
2003, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3629>. 2003, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3629>.
[RFC6442] Polk, J., Rosen, B., and J. Peterson, "Location Conveyance [RFC6442] Polk, J., Rosen, B., and J. Peterson, "Location Conveyance
for the Session Initiation Protocol", RFC 6442, for the Session Initiation Protocol", RFC 6442,
DOI 10.17487/RFC6442, December 2011, DOI 10.17487/RFC6442, December 2011,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6442>. <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6442>.
[RFC6881] Rosen, B. and J. Polk, "Best Current Practice for [RFC6881] Rosen, B. and J. Polk, "Best Current Practice for
Communications Services in Support of Emergency Calling", Communications Services in Support of Emergency Calling",
BCP 181, RFC 6881, DOI 10.17487/RFC6881, March 2013, BCP 181, RFC 6881, DOI 10.17487/RFC6881, March 2013,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6881>. <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6881>.
[I-D.ietf-ecrit-additional-data] [I-D.ietf-ecrit-additional-data]
Gellens, R., Rosen, B., Tschofenig, H., Marshall, R., and Gellens, R., Rosen, B., Tschofenig, H., Marshall, R., and
J. Winterbottom, "Additional Data Related to an Emergency J. Winterbottom, "Additional Data Related to an Emergency
Call", draft-ietf-ecrit-additional-data-38 (work in Call", draft-ietf-ecrit-additional-data-38 (work in
progress), April 2016. progress), April 2016.
12.2. Informative References 12.2. Informative References
[RFC7378] Tschofenig, H., Schulzrinne, H., and B. Aboba, Ed., [RFC7378] Tschofenig, H., Schulzrinne, H., and B. Aboba, Ed.,
"Trustworthy Location", RFC 7378, DOI 10.17487/RFC7378, "Trustworthy Location", RFC 7378, DOI 10.17487/RFC7378,
December 2014, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7378>. December 2014, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7378>.
[RFC4474] Peterson, J. and C. Jennings, "Enhancements for [RFC4474] Peterson, J. and C. Jennings, "Enhancements for
Authenticated Identity Management in the Session Authenticated Identity Management in the Session
Initiation Protocol (SIP)", RFC 4474, Initiation Protocol (SIP)", RFC 4474,
DOI 10.17487/RFC4474, August 2006, DOI 10.17487/RFC4474, August 2006,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4474>. <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4474>.
[RFC3325] Jennings, C., Peterson, J., and M. Watson, "Private [RFC3325] Jennings, C., Peterson, J., and M. Watson, "Private
Extensions to the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) for Extensions to the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) for
Asserted Identity within Trusted Networks", RFC 3325, Asserted Identity within Trusted Networks", RFC 3325,
DOI 10.17487/RFC3325, November 2002, DOI 10.17487/RFC3325, November 2002,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3325>. <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3325>.
[RFC6443] Rosen, B., Schulzrinne, H., Polk, J., and A. Newton, [RFC6443] Rosen, B., Schulzrinne, H., Polk, J., and A. Newton,
"Framework for Emergency Calling Using Internet "Framework for Emergency Calling Using Internet
Multimedia", RFC 6443, DOI 10.17487/RFC6443, December Multimedia", RFC 6443, DOI 10.17487/RFC6443, December
2011, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6443>. 2011, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6443>.
Authors' Addresses Authors' Addresses
Brian Rosen Brian Rosen
NeuStar, Inc. NeuStar, Inc.
470 Conrad Dr 470 Conrad Dr
Mars, PA 16046 Mars, PA 16046
US US
Email: br@brianrosen.net Email: br@brianrosen.net
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