< draft-ietf-idmr-igmp-mrdisc-04.txt		draft-ietf-idmr-igmp-mrdisc-05.txt >
	IDMR Working Group S. Biswas		IDMR Working Group S. Biswas
	Internet Draft B. Cain		Internet Draft B. Haberman
	draft-ietf-idmr-igmp-mrdisc-04.txt B. Haberman		draft-ietf-idmr-igmp-mrdisc-05.txt Nortel Networks
	July 2000 Nortel Networks		October 2000 B. Cain
	Expires January 2001		Expires April 2001 Mirror Image Internet
	IGMP Multicast Router Discovery		IGMP Multicast Router Discovery
	Status of this Memo		Status of this Memo
	This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with		This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with
	all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026.		all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026.
	Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering		Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
	Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that		Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that
	skipping to change at line 36 ¶		skipping to change at line 36 ¶
	The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at		The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
	http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.		http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.
	Abstract		Abstract
	Companies have been proposing IGMP snooping schemes for layer-2		Companies have been proposing IGMP snooping schemes for layer-2
	bridging devices. A method for discovering multicast capable routers		bridging devices. A method for discovering multicast capable routers
	is necessary for these schemes. An IGMP query message is inadequate		is necessary for these schemes. An IGMP query message is inadequate
	for discovering multicast routers as one querier is elected. In		for discovering multicast routers as one querier is elected. In
	order to "discover" multicast routers, we introduce two new types of		order to "discover" multicast routers, we introduce three new types
	IGMP messages: Multicast Router Advertisement and Multicast Router		of IGMP messages: Multicast Router Advertisement and Multicast Router
	Solicitation. These two messages can be used by any device which		Solicitation. These two messages can be used by any device which
	listens to IGMP to discovery multicast routers. Multicast Router		listens to IGMP to discovery multicast routers. Multicast Router
	Solicitation messages may be used by any network device (e.g. layer-2		Solicitation messages may be used by any network device (e.g. layer-2
	switch) to solicit discovery messages from multicast routers.		switch) to solicit discovery messages from multicast routers.
	1. Introduction		1. Introduction
	Multicast router discovery messages are useful for discovering		Multicast router discovery messages are useful for discovering
	multicast capable routers. This capability is useful in a layer-2		multicast capable routers. This capability is useful in a layer-2
	bridging domain with "IGMP snooping" type of schemes. By listening		bridging domain with "IGMP snooping" type of schemes. By listening
	skipping to change at line 261 ¶		skipping to change at line 261 ¶
	Whenever an advertisement is sent, the periodic advertisement		Whenever an advertisement is sent, the periodic advertisement
	interval timer must be reset.		interval timer must be reset.
	3.5 Receiving Multicast Router Advertisements		3.5 Receiving Multicast Router Advertisements
	Biswas, Cain, Haberman 5		Biswas, Cain, Haberman 5
	Upon receiving a router advertisement, devices will validate the		Upon receiving a router advertisement, devices will validate the
	message by the following criteria:		message by the following criteria:
	1.		1.
	Verifying that the IGMP type is 0x24
	2.
	Verifying the IGMP checksum		Verifying the IGMP checksum
	3.		2.
	IP Destination Address = All-Routers multicast address		IP Destination Address = All-Routers multicast address
	A router advertisement not meeting the validity requirements will be		A router advertisement not meeting the validity requirements should
	silently discarded. Devices MUST process all options, discarding		be silently discarded or logged in a rate-limited manner. Devices
	options that are not recognized.		MUST process all options, discarding options that are not recognized.
	If a router advertisement is not received for a particular neighbor		If a router advertisement is not received for a particular neighbor
	within NeighborDeadInterval time interval, then the neighbor is		within NeighborDeadInterval time interval, then the neighbor is
	considered to be unreachable.		considered to be unreachable.
	3.6 Multicast Router Advertisement Configuration Variables		3.6 Multicast Router Advertisement Configuration Variables
	A router that implements multicast router discovery MUST allow for		A router that implements multicast router discovery MUST allow for
	the following variables to be configured by system management;		the following variables to be configured by system management;
	default values are specified so as to make it unnecessary to		default values are specified so as to make it unnecessary to
	skipping to change at line 311 ¶		skipping to change at line 308 ¶
	3.6.3 MaxInitialAdvertisementInterval		3.6.3 MaxInitialAdvertisementInterval
	The first router advertisement out of an interface is sent after		The first router advertisement out of an interface is sent after
	waiting for a random interval less than this variable. This will		waiting for a random interval less than this variable. This will
	prevent a flood of router advertisements when many routers start up		prevent a flood of router advertisements when many routers start up
	at the same time.		at the same time.
	Default: 2 seconds		Default: 2 seconds
	Biswas, Cain, Haberman 6
	3.6.4 MaxInitialAdvertisements		3.6.4 MaxInitialAdvertisements
			Biswas, Cain, Haberman 6
	The maximum number of router advertisements that will be sent on a		The maximum number of router advertisements that will be sent on a
	subnet after a router boots.		subnet after a router boots.
	Default: 3		Default: 3
	3.6.5 NeighborDeadInterval		3.6.5 NeighborDeadInterval
	The maximum time allowed before a neighbor can be declared "dead".		The maximum time allowed before a neighbor can be declared "dead".
	This variable is defined in seconds. In order for all devices to have		This variable is defined in seconds. In order for all devices to have
	a consistent state, it is necessary for the MaxAdvertisementInterval		a consistent state, it is necessary for the MaxAdvertisementInterval
	skipping to change at line 338 ¶		skipping to change at line 335 ¶
	4. Multicast Router Solicitation		4. Multicast Router Solicitation
	4.1 Overview		4.1 Overview
	Multicast Router Solicitations are used to solicit Multicast Router		Multicast Router Solicitations are used to solicit Multicast Router
	Advertisements. These messages are used when a device wishes to		Advertisements. These messages are used when a device wishes to
	discover multicast routers. Upon receiving a solicitation on an		discover multicast routers. Upon receiving a solicitation on an
	interface with IP multicast forwarding enabled and multicast router		interface with IP multicast forwarding enabled and multicast router
	discovery enabled, a router will respond with an advertisement.		discovery enabled, a router will respond with an advertisement.
	Router solicitations may be sent when a router starts up, when a		Router solicitations may be sent when a device starts up, when an
	router interface (re)initializes, or when IGMP Multicast Router		interface (re)initializes, or when IGMP Multicast Router Discovery is
	Discovery is enabled. Solicitations are sent as IGMP messages to the		enabled. Solicitations are sent as IGMP messages to the All-Routers
	All-Routers multicast address (224.0.0.2) and must be rate-limited.		multicast address (224.0.0.2) and must be rate-limited.
	4.2 IP Header Fields		4.2 IP Header Fields
	4.2.1 Source Address		4.2.1 Source Address
	An IP address belonging to the interface from which this message is		An IP address belonging to the interface from which this message is
	sent. If multiple source addresses are configured on an interface,		sent. If multiple source addresses are configured on an interface,
	then the one chosen is implementation dependent.		then the one chosen is implementation dependent.
	If the solicitation is being sent from a device that does not have an		If the solicitation is being sent from a device that does not have an
	skipping to change at line 364 ¶		skipping to change at line 361 ¶
	4.2.2 Destination Address		4.2.2 Destination Address
	Solicitation messages are sent to the All-Routers multicast address		Solicitation messages are sent to the All-Routers multicast address
	(224.0.0.2).		(224.0.0.2).
	4.2.3 Time-to-Live		4.2.3 Time-to-Live
	The time-to-live field MUST be 1.		The time-to-live field MUST be 1.
	Biswas, Cain, Haberman 7
	4.2.4 Protocol		4.2.4 Protocol
			Biswas, Cain, Haberman 7
	The protocol field is set to IGMP (2).		The protocol field is set to IGMP (2).
	4.3 Multicast Router Solicitation Message Format		4.3 Multicast Router Solicitation Message Format
	0 1 2 3		0 1 2 3
	0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1		0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
	+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+		+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
	| Type | Reserved | Checksum |		| Type | Reserved | Checksum |
	+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+		+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
	skipping to change at line 398 ¶		skipping to change at line 395 ¶
	sum of the IGMP message, starting with the IGMP type. For computing		sum of the IGMP message, starting with the IGMP type. For computing
	the checksum, the Checksum field is set to 0.		the checksum, the Checksum field is set to 0.
	4.4 Sending Multicast Router Solicitations		4.4 Sending Multicast Router Solicitations
	Router solicitations are sent when the following events occur:		Router solicitations are sent when the following events occur:
	1.		1.
	After waiting for a random delay less than SOLICITATION_INTERVAL		After waiting for a random delay less than SOLICITATION_INTERVAL
	when an interface first comes up, is (re)initialized, or IGMP		when an interface first comes up, is (re)initialized, or IGMP
	Multicast Router Discovery is enabled. A router may send up to		Multicast Router Discovery is enabled. A device may send up to
	a maximum of MAX_SOLICITATIONS, waiting for a random delay less		a maximum of MAX_SOLICITATIONS, waiting for a random delay less
	than SOLICITATION_INTERVAL between each successive solicitation.		than SOLICITATION_INTERVAL between each successive solicitation.
	2.		2.
	Optionally, for an implementation specific event. Solicitations		Optionally, for an implementation specific event. Solicitations
	MUST be rate-limited; no more than MAX_SOLICITATIONS MUST be		MUST be rate-limited; no more than MAX_SOLICITATIONS MUST be
	sent in SOLICITATION_INTERVAL seconds.		sent in SOLICITATION_INTERVAL seconds.
	4.5 Receiving Multicast Router Solicitations		4.5 Receiving Multicast Router Solicitations
	Upon receiving a router solicitation, routers will validate the		Upon receiving a router solicitation, routers will validate the
	message by:		message by:
	1.		1.
	Verifying that the IGMP type is 0x25
	2.
	Verifying the IGMP checksum		Verifying the IGMP checksum
	3.		2.
	IP Destination Address = All-Routers multicast address		IP Destination Address = All-Routers multicast address
	Biswas, Cain, Haberman 8		A router solicitation not meeting the validity requirements should be
	A router solicitation not meeting the validity requirements will be		silently discarded or logged in a rate-limited manner.
	silently discarded.
			Biswas, Cain, Haberman 8
	Solicitation message IP source addresses MUST NOT be used as part of		Solicitation message IP source addresses MUST NOT be used as part of
	the validity check.		the validity check.
	4.6 Multicast Router Solicitation Configuration Variables		4.6 Multicast Router Solicitation Configuration Variables
	There are no configurable variables with respect to router		There are no configurable variables with respect to router
	solicitations.		solicitations.
	5. Multicast Router Termination		5. Multicast Router Termination
	skipping to change at line 472 ¶		skipping to change at line 466 ¶
	5.3 Multicast Router Termination Message Format		5.3 Multicast Router Termination Message Format
	0 1 2 3		0 1 2 3
	0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1		0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
	+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+		+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
	| Type | Reserved | Checksum |		| Type | Reserved | Checksum |
	+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+		+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
	5.3.1 Type Field		5.3.1 Type Field
	Biswas, Cain, Haberman 9
	The type field is set to 0x26.		The type field is set to 0x26.
	5.3.2 Reserved Field		5.3.2 Reserved Field
			Biswas, Cain, Haberman 9
	Sent as 0; ignored on reception.		Sent as 0; ignored on reception.
	5.3.3 Checksum		5.3.3 Checksum
	The checksum is the 16-bit one's complement of the one's complement		The checksum is the 16-bit one's complement of the one's complement
	sum of the IGMP message, starting with the IGMP type. For computing		sum of the IGMP message, starting with the IGMP type. For computing
	the checksum, the Checksum field is set to 0.		the checksum, the Checksum field is set to 0.
	5.4 Sending Multicast Router Termination Messages		5.4 Sending Multicast Router Termination Messages
	skipping to change at line 504 ¶		skipping to change at line 498 ¶
	3.		3.
	The router is gracefully shutdown		The router is gracefully shutdown
	5.5 Receiving Multicast Router Termination Messages		5.5 Receiving Multicast Router Termination Messages
	Upon receiving a termination message, routers will validate the		Upon receiving a termination message, routers will validate the
	message by the following criteria:		message by the following criteria:
	1.		1.
	Verifying that the IGMP type is 0x26
	2.
	Verifying the IGMP checksum		Verifying the IGMP checksum
	3.		2.
	IP Destination Address = All-Routers multicast address		IP Destination Address = All-Routers multicast address
	A termination message not meeting the validity requirements will be		A termination message not meeting the validity requirements should be
	silently discarded.		silently discarded or logged in a rate-limited manner.
	6. Multicast Router Discovery Protocol Constants		6. Multicast Router Discovery Protocol Constants
	o MAX_RESPONSE_DELAY 2 seconds		o MAX_RESPONSE_DELAY 2 seconds
	o MAX_SOLICITATION_DELAY 1 second		o MAX_SOLICITATION_DELAY 1 second
	o SOLICITATION_INTERVAL 3 seconds		o SOLICITATION_INTERVAL 3 seconds
	o MAX_SOLICITATIONS 3 transmissions		o MAX_SOLICITATIONS 3 transmissions
	7. Mandatory Advertisement Options		7. Mandatory Advertisement Options
	7.1 Overview of Options		7.1 Overview of Options
	Biswas, Cain, Haberman 10
	The following options MUST be supported by an implementation of IGMP		The following options MUST be supported by an implementation of IGMP
	Multicast Router Discovery: Query Interval Advertisement Option and		Multicast Router Discovery: Query Interval Advertisement Option and
	Robustness Variable Advertisement Option. These options advertise		Robustness Variable Advertisement Option. These options advertise
	specific IGMP variables and are sent in an advertisement depending on		specific IGMP variables and are sent in an advertisement depending on
	the version of IGMP enabled on an interface. Although no		the version of IGMP enabled on an interface. Although no
	requirements exist for multicast routers at this time, it is assumed		requirements exist for multicast routers at this time, it is assumed
	that all multicast routers support the IGMP protocol.		that all multicast routers support the IGMP protocol.
			Biswas, Cain, Haberman 10
	7.2 Query Interval Advertisement Option		7.2 Query Interval Advertisement Option
	0 1 2 3		0 1 2 3
	0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1		0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
	+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+		+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
	| Type=1 | Length=2 | IGMP Query Interval |		| Type=1 | Length=2 | IGMP Query Interval |
	+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+		+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
	If a multicast router has any version of IGMP [RFC1112] enabled on an		If a multicast router has any version of IGMP [RFC1112] enabled on an
	interface on which IGMP Multicast Router Discovery is also enabled,		interface on which IGMP Multicast Router Discovery is also enabled,
	skipping to change at line 582 ¶		skipping to change at line 573 ¶
	Variable" configured on the interface on which advertisements are		Variable" configured on the interface on which advertisements are
	sent.		sent.
	This option is sent regardless of whether the router is currently the		This option is sent regardless of whether the router is currently the
	IGMP querier for the subnet. This option may be omitted if IGMPv1 is		IGMP querier for the subnet. This option may be omitted if IGMPv1 is
	enabled on the interface.		enabled on the interface.
	Robustness Variable is an integer that MUST not be zero [IGMPv2] and		Robustness Variable is an integer that MUST not be zero [IGMPv2] and
	is equal to the IGMPv2 robustness variable.		is equal to the IGMPv2 robustness variable.
	Biswas, Cain, Haberman 11
	8. IPv6 Support		8. IPv6 Support
	The Multicast Router Discovery function for IPv6 is accomplished		The Multicast Router Discovery function for IPv6 is accomplished
	using the Neighbor Discovery Protocol for IPv6 [RFC2461] (hereafter		using the Neighbor Discovery Protocol for IPv6 [RFC2461] (hereafter
	called NDP). Specifically, the Router Advertisement message contains		called NDP). Specifically, the Router Advertisement message contains
	new fields to support the discovery of multicast routers. For this		new fields to support the discovery of multicast routers. For this
			Biswas, Cain, Haberman 11
	reason, the timing mechanisms defined for NDP will be used instead of		reason, the timing mechanisms defined for NDP will be used instead of
	those defined in this document for IPv4 support.		those defined in this document for IPv4 support.
	8.1 Router Advertisement Message		8.1 Router Advertisement Message
	The Router Advertisement message contains two new fields to support		The Router Advertisement message contains two new fields to support
	the multicast router discovery mechanism. The modified message		the multicast router discovery mechanism. The modified message
	format is:		format is:
	0 1 2 3		0 1 2 3
	skipping to change at line 610 ¶		skipping to change at line 602 ¶
	+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+		+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
	| Type | Code | Checksum |		| Type | Code | Checksum |
	+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+		+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
	| Cur Hop Limit |M|O|H|D|E|Rsrvd| Router Lifetime |		| Cur Hop Limit |M|O|H|D|E|Rsrvd| Router Lifetime |
	+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+		+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
	| Reachable Time |		| Reachable Time |
	+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+		+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
	| Retrans Timer |		| Retrans Timer |
	+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+		+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
	| Options ...		| Options ...
	+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-		+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-
	The two new fields are the 'D' and 'E' bits. All other fields retain		The two new fields are the 'D' and 'E' bits. All other fields retain
	their definitions and functions as described in Section 4.2 of the		their definitions and functions as described in Section 4.2 of the
	NDP specification [RFC2461].		NDP specification [RFC2461].
	8.1.1 Discovery (D) bit		8.1.1 Discovery (D) bit
	The 'D' bit is used by a router to indicate support for the Multicast		The 'D' bit is used by a router to indicate support for the Multicast
	Router Discovery protocol. A value of '1' indicates that the router		Router Discovery protocol. A value of '1' indicates that the router
	supports the discovery protocol. A value of '0' indicates no		supports the discovery protocol. A value of '0' indicates no
	skipping to change at line 633 ¶		skipping to change at line 625 ¶
	8.1.2 Enabled (E) bit		8.1.2 Enabled (E) bit
	The 'E' bit indicates whether multicast routing is enabled on the		The 'E' bit indicates whether multicast routing is enabled on the
	router's interface. A value of '1' indicates that multicast		router's interface. A value of '1' indicates that multicast
	forwarding is enabled on the router's interface. A value of '0'		forwarding is enabled on the router's interface. A value of '0'
	indicates that multicast forwarding is disabled.		indicates that multicast forwarding is disabled.
	When the state of multicast forwarding changes on an interface, a		When the state of multicast forwarding changes on an interface, a
	router must stop its Router Advertisement timer, transmit a Router		router must stop its Router Advertisement timer, transmit a Router
	Biswas, Cain, Haberman 12
	Advertisement with the 'E' bit set to the value associated with the		Advertisement with the 'E' bit set to the value associated with the
	new multicast forwarding state, and restart its Router Advertisement		new multicast forwarding state, and restart its Router Advertisement
	timer.		timer.
	8.2 Router Solicitations		8.2 Router Solicitations
			Biswas, Cain, Haberman 12
	An NDP Router Solicitation message can be sent to solicit a Router		An NDP Router Solicitation message can be sent to solicit a Router
	Advertisement message in order to determine the multicast forwarding		Advertisement message in order to determine the multicast forwarding
	state of a router. The periodic transmission of solicitation		state of a router. The periodic transmission of solicitation
	messages is outlined in RFC 2461.		messages is outlined in RFC 2461.
	9. Acknowledgements		9. Acknowledgements
	ICMP Router Discovery [RFC1256] was used as a general model for IGMP		ICMP Router Discovery [RFC1256] was used as a general model for IGMP
	Multicast Router Discovery.		Multicast Router Discovery.
	skipping to change at line 681 ¶		skipping to change at line 672 ¶
	10. Authors' Addresses		10. Authors' Addresses
	Shantam Biswas		Shantam Biswas
	Nortel Networks		Nortel Networks
	600 Technology Park Drive		600 Technology Park Drive
	Billerica, MA 01821		Billerica, MA 01821
	Email: sbiswas@baynetworks.com		Email: sbiswas@baynetworks.com
	Phone: 1-978-916-8048		Phone: 1-978-916-8048
	Brad Cain		Brad Cain
	Nortel Networks		Mirror Image Internet
	600 Technology Park Drive		49 Dragon Court
	Billerica, MA 01821		Woburn, MA 01801
	Email: bcain@baynetworks.com		Email: brad.cain@mirror-image.com
	Phone: 1-978-916-1316		Phone: 1-781-276-1904
	Biswas, Cain, Haberman 13
	Brian Haberman		Brian Haberman
	Nortel Networks		Nortel Networks
	4309 Emperor Blvd		4309 Emperor Blvd
	Suite 200		Suite 200
	Durham, NC 27703		Durham, NC 27703
			Biswas, Cain, Haberman 13
	Email: haberman@nortelnetworks.com		Email: haberman@nortelnetworks.com
	Phone: 1-919-992-4439		Phone: 1-919-992-4439
	Biswas, Cain, Haberman 14		Biswas, Cain, Haberman 14
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