< draft-ietf-ippm-lmap-path-02.txt		draft-ietf-ippm-lmap-path-03.txt >
	Network Working Group M. Bagnulo		Network Working Group M. Bagnulo
	Internet-Draft UC3M		Internet-Draft UC3M
	Intended status: Standards Track T. Burbridge		Intended status: Informational T. Burbridge
	Expires: August 17, 2014 BT		Expires: November 29, 2014 BT
	S. Crawford		S. Crawford
	SamKnows		SamKnows
	P. Eardley		P. Eardley
	BT		BT
	A. Morton		A. Morton
	AT&T Labs		AT&T Labs
	February 13, 2014		May 28, 2014
	A Reference Path and Measurement Points for LMAP		A Reference Path and Measurement Points for LMAP
	draft-ietf-ippm-lmap-path-02		draft-ietf-ippm-lmap-path-03
	Abstract		Abstract
	This document defines a reference path for Large-scale Measurement of		This document defines a reference path for Large-scale Measurement of
	Broadband Access Performance (LMAP) and measurement points for		Broadband Access Performance (LMAP) and measurement points for
	commonly used performance metrics.		commonly used performance metrics. The methods for measurement point
			location may be applicable to similar measurement projects using the
			extensions described here.
	Status of This Memo		Status of This Memo
	This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the		This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
	provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.		provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
	Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering		Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
	Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute		Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
	working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-		working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
	Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.		Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
	Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months		Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
	and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any		and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
	time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference		time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
	material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."		material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
	This Internet-Draft will expire on August 17, 2014.		This Internet-Draft will expire on November 29, 2014.
	Copyright Notice		Copyright Notice
	Copyright (c) 2014 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the		Copyright (c) 2014 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
	document authors. All rights reserved.		document authors. All rights reserved.
	This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal		This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
	Provisions Relating to IETF Documents		Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
	(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of		(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
	publication of this document. Please review these documents		publication of this document. Please review these documents
	skipping to change at page 2, line 21 ¶		skipping to change at page 2, line 23 ¶
	1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2		1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
	2. Purpose and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3		2. Purpose and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
	3. Terms and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3		3. Terms and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
	3.1. Reference Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3		3.1. Reference Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
	3.2. Subscriber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4		3.2. Subscriber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
	3.3. Dedicated Component (Links or Nodes) . . . . . . . . . . 4		3.3. Dedicated Component (Links or Nodes) . . . . . . . . . . 4
	3.4. Shared Component (Links or Nodes) . . . . . . . . . . . . 4		3.4. Shared Component (Links or Nodes) . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
	3.5. Resource Transition Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4		3.5. Resource Transition Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
	3.6. Managed and Un-Managed Sub-paths . . . . . . . . . . . . 4		3.6. Managed and Un-Managed Sub-paths . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
	4. Reference Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4		4. Reference Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
	5. Measurement Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6		5. Measurement Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
	6. Translation Between Ref. Path and Tech. X . . . . . . . . . . 8		6. Translation Between Reference Path and Various Technologies . 10
	7. Example Resource Transition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9		7. Example Resource Transition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
	8. Security considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10		8. Security considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
	9. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10		9. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
	10. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10		10. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
	11. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10		11. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
	11.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10		11.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
	11.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11		11.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
	Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12		Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
	1. Introduction		1. Introduction
	This document defines a reference path for Large-scale Measurement of		This document defines a reference path for Large-scale Measurement of
	Broadband Access Performance (LMAP). The series of IP Performance		Broadband Access Performance (LMAP) or similar measurement projects.
	Metrics (IPPM) RFCs have developed terms that are generally useful		The series of IP Performance Metrics (IPPM) RFCs have developed terms
	for path description (section 5 of [RFC2330]). There are a limited		that are generally useful for path description (section 5 of
	number of additional terms needing definition here, and they will be		[RFC2330]). There are a limited number of additional terms needing
	defined in this memo.		definition here, and they will be defined in this memo.
	The reference path is usually needed when attempting to communicate		The reference path is usually needed when attempting to communicate
	precisely about the components that comprise the path, often in terms		precisely about the components that comprise the path, often in terms
	of their number (hops) and geographic location. This memo takes the		of their number (hops) and geographic location. This memo takes the
	path definition further, by establishing a set of measurement points		path definition further, by establishing a set of measurement points
	along the path and ascribing a unique designation to each point.		along the path and ascribing a unique designation to each point.
	This topic has been previously developed in section 5.1 of [RFC3432],		This topic has been previously developed in section 5.1 of [RFC3432],
	and as part of the updated framework for composition and aggregation,		and as part of the updated framework for composition and aggregation,
	section 4 of [RFC5835] (which may also figure in the LMAP work		section 4 of [RFC5835] (which may also figure in the LMAP work
	effort). Section 4.1 of [RFC5835] defines the term "measurement		effort). Section 4.1 of [RFC5835] defines the term "measurement
	point".		point".
	Measurement points and the paths they cover are often described in		Measurement points and the paths they cover are often described in
	general terms, like "end-to-end", "user-to-user", or "access". These		general terms, like "end-to-end", "user-to-user", or "access". These
	terms are insufficient for scientific method: What is an end? Where		terms alone are insufficient for scientific method: What is an end?
	is a user located? Is the home network included?		Where is a user located? Is the home network included?
	The motivation for this memo is to provide an unambiguous framework		The motivation for this memo is to provide an unambiguous framework
	to describe measurement coverage, or scope of the reference path.		to describe measurement coverage, or scope of the reference path.
	This is an essential part of the metadata to describe measurement		This is an essential part of the meta-data to describe measurement
	results. Measurements conducted over different path scopes are not a		results. Measurements conducted over different path scopes are not a
	valid basis for performance comparisons.		valid basis for performance comparisons.
	2. Purpose and Scope		2. Purpose and Scope
	The scope of this memo is to define a reference path for LMAP		The scope of this memo is to define a reference path for LMAP
	activities with sufficient level of detail to determine the location		activities with sufficient level of detail to determine the location
	of different measurement points without ambiguity.		of different measurement points along a path without ambiguity.
	The bridge between the reference path and specific network		The connection between the reference path and specific network
	technologies (with differing underlying architectures) is within the		technologies (with differing underlying architectures) is within the
	scope of this effort. Both wired and wireless technologies are in-		scope of this method, and examples are provided. Both wired and
	scope.		wireless technologies are in-scope.
	The purpose is to create an efficient way to describe the location of		The purpose is to create an efficient way to describe the location of
	the measurement point(s) used to conduct a particular measurement so		the measurement point(s) used to conduct a particular measurement so
	that the measurement result will adequately described in this regard.		that the measurement result will adequately described in terms of
	This should serve many measurement uses, including diagnostic (where		scope or coverage. This should serve many measurement uses,
	the same metric may be measured over many different path scopes) and		including:
	comparative (where the same metric may be measured on different
	network infrastructures).		diagnostic where the same metric may be measured over many different
			path scopes
			comparison where the same metric may be measured on equivalent
			portions of different network infrastructures
	3. Terms and Definitions		3. Terms and Definitions
	This section defines key terms and concepts for the purposes of this		This section defines key terms and concepts for the purposes of this
	memo.		memo.
	3.1. Reference Path		3.1. Reference Path
	A reference path is a serial combination of routers, switches, links,		A reference path is a serial combination of routers, switches, links,
	radios, and processing elements that comprise all the network		radios, and processing elements that comprise all the network
	skipping to change at page 4, line 44 ¶		skipping to change at page 4, line 47 ¶
	that may be a point of significance, and is identified as a		that may be a point of significance, and is identified as a
	transition between two types of resources.		transition between two types of resources.
	3.6. Managed and Un-Managed Sub-paths		3.6. Managed and Un-Managed Sub-paths
	Service providers are responsible for the portion of the path they		Service providers are responsible for the portion of the path they
	manage. However, most paths involve a sub-path which is beyond the		manage. However, most paths involve a sub-path which is beyond the
	management of the subscriber's service provider. This means that		management of the subscriber's service provider. This means that
	private networks, wireless networks using unlicensed frequencies, and		private networks, wireless networks using unlicensed frequencies, and
	the networks of other service are designated as un-managed sub-paths.		the networks of other service are designated as un-managed sub-paths.
	The Access demarcation point always divides managed and un-managed		The Service demarcation point always divides managed and un-managed
	sub-paths.		sub-paths.
	4. Reference Path		4. Reference Path
	This section defines a reference path for Internet Access.		This section defines a reference path for Internet communication.
	Subsc. -- Private -- Private -- Access -- Intra IP -- GRA -- Transit		Subsc. -- Private -- Private -- Service-- Intra IP -- GRA -- Transit
	device Net #1 Net #2 Demarc. Access GW GRA GW		device Net #1 Net #2 Demarc. Access GW GRA GW
	... Transit -- GRA -- Service -- Private -- Private -- Destination		... Transit -- GRA -- Service -- Private -- Private -- Destination
	GRA GW GW Demarc. Net #n Net #n+1 Host		GRA GW GW Demarc. Net #n Net #n+1 Host
	GRA = Globally Routable Address, GW = Gateway		GRA = Globally Routable Address, GW = Gateway
	The following are descriptions of reference path components that may		The following are descriptions of reference path components that may
	not be clear from their name alone.		not be clear from their name alone.
	o Subsc. (Subscriber) device - This is a host that normally		o Subsc. (Subscriber) device - This is a host that normally
	originates and terminates communications conducted over the IP		originates and terminates communications conducted over the IP
	packet transfer service.		packet transfer service.
	o Private Net #x - This is a network of devices owned and operated		o Private Net #x - This is a network of devices owned and operated
	by the Internet Access Service Subscriber. In some		by the Internet Service Subscriber. In some configurations, one
	configurations, one or more private networks and the device that		or more private networks and the device that provides the Service
	provides the Access Service Demarcation point are collapsed in a		Demarcation point are collapsed in a single device (and ownership
	single device (and ownership may shift to the service provider),		may shift to the service provider), and this should be noted as
	and this should be noted as part of the path description.		part of the path description.
	o Access (Service) Demarcation point - this varies by technology but		o Service Demarcation point - This is the point where service
	is usually defined as the Ethernet interface on a residential		managed by the serivce provider begins (or ends), and varies by
	gateway or modem where the scope of access packet transfer service		technology. For example, this point is usually defined as the
	begins and ends. In the case of a WiFi Service, this would be an		Ethernet interface on a residential gateway or modem where the
	Air Interface within the intended service boundary (e.g., walls of		scope of a packet transfer service begins and ends. In the case
	the coffee shop). The Demarcation point may be within an		of a WiFi Service, this would be an Air Interface within the
	integrated endpoint using an Air Interface (e.g., LTE UE).		intended service boundary (e.g., walls of the coffee shop). The
	Ownership may not affect the demarcation point; a Subscriber may		Demarcation point may be within an integrated endpoint using an
	own all equipment on their premises, but it is likely that the		Air Interface (e.g., LTE UE). Ownership may not affect the
	service provider will certify such equipment for connection to		demarcation point; a Subscriber may own all equipment on their
	their access network, or a third-party will certify standards		premises, but it is likely that the service provider will certify
	compliance.		such equipment for connection to their network, or a third-party
			will certify standards compliance.
	o Intra IP Access - This is the first point in the access		o Intra IP Access - This is the first point in the access
	architecture beyond the Access Service Demarc. where a globally		architecture beyond the Service Demarc. where a globally routable
	routable IP address is exposed and used for routing. In		IP address is exposed and used for routing. In architectures that
	architectures that use tunneling, this point may be equivalent to		use tunneling, this point may be equivalent to the GRA GW. This
	the GRA GW. This point could also collapse to the device		point could also collapse to the device providing the Service
	providing the Access Service Demarc., in principle. Only one		Demarc., in principle. Only one Intra IP Access point is shown,
	Intra IP Access point is shown, but they can be identified in any		but they can be identified in any access network.
	access or transit network.
	o GRA GW - the point of interconnection between the access		o GRA GW - the point of interconnection between a Service Provider's
	administrative domain and the rest of the Internet, where routing		administrative domain and the rest of the Internet, where routing
	will depend on the GRAs in the IP header.		will depend on the GRAs in the IP header.
	o Transit GRA GW - Networks that intervene between the Subscriber's		o Transit GRA GW - If one or more networks intervene between the
	Access network and the Destination Host's network are designated		Service Provider's access networks of the Subscriber and of the
	"transit" and involve two GRA GW.		Destination Host, then such networks are designated "transit" and
			are bounded by two Transit GRA GW.
	Use of multiple IP address families in the measurement path must be		Use of multiple IP address families in the measurement path must be
	noted, as the conversions between IPv4 and IPv6 certainly influence		noted, as the conversions between IPv4 and IPv6 certainly influence
	the visibility of a GRA for each family.		the visibility of a GRA for each family.
	In the case that a private address space is used throughout an access		In the case that a private address space is used throughout an access
	architecture, then the Access Service Demarc. and the Intra IP Access		architecture, then the Service Demarc. and the Intra IP Access points
	points must use the same address space and be separated by the shared		must use the same address space and be separated by the shared and
	and dedicated access link infrastructure, such that a test between		dedicated access link infrastructure, such that a test between these
	these points produces a useful assessment of access performance.		points produces a useful assessment of access performance.
	5. Measurement Points		5. Measurement Points
	A key aspect of measurement points, beyond the definition in section		A key aspect of measurement points, beyond the definition in section
	4.1 of [RFC5835], is that the innermost IP header and higher layer		4.1 of [RFC5835], is that the innermost IP header and higher layer
	information must be accessible through some means. This is essential		information must be accessible through some means. This is essential
	to measure IP metrics. There may be tunnels and/or other layers		to measure IP metrics. There may be tunnels and/or other layers
	which encapsulate the innermost IP header, even adding another IP		which encapsulate the innermost IP header, even adding another IP
	header of their own.		header of their own.
	In general, measurement points cannot always be located exactly where		In general, measurement points cannot always be located exactly where
	desired. However, the definition in [RFC5835] and the discussion in		desired. However, the definition in [RFC5835] and the discussion in
	section 5.1 of [RFC3432] indicate that allowances can be made: for		section 5.1 of [RFC3432] indicate that allowances can be made: for
	example, deterministic errors that can be quantified are ideal.		example, it is nearly ideal when there are deterministic errors that
			can be quantified between desired and actual measurement point.
	The Figure below illustrates the assignment of measurement points to		The Figure below illustrates the assignment of measurement points to
	selected components of the reference path.		selected components of the reference path.
	Subsc. -- Private -- Private -- Access -- Intra IP -- GRA -- Transit		Subsc. -- Private -- Private -- Service-- Intra IP -- GRA -- Transit
	device Net #1 Net #2 Demarc. Access GW GRA GW		device Net #1 Net #2 Demarc. Access GW GRA GW
	mp000 mp100 mp150 mp190 mp200		mp000 mp100 mp150 mp190 mp200
	... Transit -- GRA -- Service -- Private -- Private -- Destination		... Transit -- GRA -- Service -- Private -- Private -- Destination
	GRA GW GW Demarc. Net #n Net #n+1 Host		GRA GW GW Demarc. Net #n Net #n+1 Host
	mpX90 mp890 mp800 mp900		mpX90 mp890 mp800 mp900
	GRA = Globally Routable Address, GW = Gateway		GRA = Globally Routable Address, GW = Gateway
	The numbering for measurement points (mpNNN) allows for considerable		Figure 1
	local use of unallocated numbers.
			When communicating the results of measurements using the measurement
			point designations described here, the measuring organization SHOULD
			supply a diagram similar to Figure 1 (and the technology-specific
			examples that follow), and MUST supply it when additional measurement
			point numbers have been defined and used, with sufficient detail to
			identify measurement locations in the path. Organizations with
			similar technologies and architectures are encouraged to coordinate
			on local numbering and diagrams, when possible.
			The measurement point numbering system, mpXnn, has two independent
			parts:
			1. The X in mpXnn indicates the network number. The network with
			the Subscriber's device is network 0. The network of a different
			organization (administrative or ownership domains) SHOULD be
			assigned a different number. Each successive network number
			SHOULD be one greater than the previous network's number. Two
			circumstances make it necessary to designate X=9 in the
			Destination Host's network and X=8 for the Service Provider
			network at the Destination:
			A. The number of Transit networks is unknown.
			B. The number of Transit networks varies over time.
			2. The nn in mpXnn indicates the measurement point and is locally-
			assigned by network X. The following conventions are suggested:
			A. 00 SHOULD be used for a measurement point at the Subscriber's
			device and at the Service Demarcation point or GW nearest to
			the Subscriber's device for Transit Networks.
			B. 90 SHOULD be used for a measurement point at the GW of a
			network (opposite from the Subscriber's device or Service
			Demarc.).
			C. In most networks, measurement point numbers SHOULD
			monotonically increase from point nearest the Subscriber's
			device to the opposite network boundary on the path (see
			below).
			D. When a Detination host is part of the path, 00 SHOULD be used
			for a measurement point at the Destination host and at the
			the Destination's Service Demarcation point. Measurement
			point numbers SHOULD monotonically increase from point
			nearest the Destination's host to the opposite network
			boundary on the path ONLY in these networks. This
			directional numbering reversal allows consistent 00
			designation for end hosts and Service Demarcs.
			E. 50 MAY be used for an intermediate measurement point of
			significance, such as a Network Address Translator (NAT).
			F. 20 MAY be used for a traffic aggregation point such as a
			DSLAM within a network.
			G. Any other measurement points SHOULD be assigned unused
			integers between 01 and 99. The assignment SHOULD be stable
			for at least the duration of a particular measurement study,
			and SHOULD avoid numbers that have been assigned to other
			locations within network X (unless the assignment is
			considered sufficiently stale). Sub-networks or domains
			within a network are useful locations for measurement points.
			In order to define the measurement points and the scope of
			measurements without ambiguity, the operator of the measurement
			system SHOULD indicate on a diagram (similar to those in this
			document): the reference path, the numbers (mpXnn) of the measurement
			points, and the definition of any measurement point other than 00 and
			90 (with sufficient detail to clearly define its location).
			If the number of intermediate networks (between the source and
			destination) is not known or is unstable, then this SHOULD be
			indicated on the diagram and results from measurement points within
			those networks need to be treated with caution.
	Notes:		Notes:
	o Some use the terminology "on-net" and "off-net" when referring to		o Some use the terminology "on-net" and "off-net" when referring to
	Internet Service Provider (ISP) measurement coverage. With		the Subscriber's Internet Service Provider (ISP) measurement
	respect to the reference path, tests between mp100 and mp190 are		coverage. With respect to the reference path, tests between mp100
	"on-net".		and mp190 are "on-net".
	o Widely deployed broadband access measurements have used pass-		o Widely deployed broadband Internet access measurements have used
	through devices[SK] (at the subscriber's location) directly		pass-through devices[SK] (at the subscriber's location) directly
	connected to the service demarcation point: this would be located		connected to the service demarcation point: this would be located
	at mp100.		at mp100.
	o The networking technology used at all measurement points must be		o The networking technology must be indicated for the measurement
	indicated, especially the interface standard and configured speed.		points used, especially the interface standard and configured
			speed (because the measurement connectivity itself can be a
			limiting factor for the results).
	o If it can be shown that a link connecting to a measurement point		o If it can be shown that a link connecting to a measurement point
	has reliably deterministic or negligible performance, then the		has reliably deterministic performance or negligible impairments,
	remote end of the connecting link is an equivalent point for some		then the remote end of the connecting link is an equivalent point
	methods of measurement (To Be Specified Elsewhere). In any case,		for some methods of measurement (To Be Specified Elsewhere). In
	the presence of such a link must be reported.		any case, the presence of a link and claimed equivalent
			measurement point must be reported.
	o Many access network architectures have a traffic aggregation point		o Some access network architectures may have an additional traffic
	(e.g., CMTS or DSLAM) between mp100 and mp150. We designate this		aggregation device between mp100 and mp150. Use of a measurement
	point mp120, but it won't currently fit in the figure.		point at this location would require a local number and diagram.
	o A Carrier Grade NAT (CGN) deployed in the Subscriber's access		o A Carrier Grade NAT (CGN) deployed in the Service Provider's
	network would be positioned between mp100 and mp190, and the		access network would be positioned between mp100 and mp190, and
	egress side of the CGN will typically be designated mp150.		the egress side of the CGN may be designated mp150. mp150 is
			generally an intermediate measurement point in the same address
			space as mp190.
	o In the case that a private address space is used in an access		o In the case that private address space is used in an access
	architecture, then mp100 may need to use the same address space as		architecture, then mp100 may need to use the same address space as
	its remote measurement point counterpart, so that a test between		its "on-net" measurement point counterpart, so that a test between
	these points produces a useful assessment of network performance.		these points produces a useful assessment of network performance.
	Tests between mp000 and mp100 could use private address space, and		Tests between mp000 and mp100 could use a different private
	when the egress side of a CGN is at mp150, then the private		address space, and when the globally-routable side of a CGN is at
	address side of the CGN could be designated mp149 for tests with		mp150, then the private address side of the CGN could be
	mp100.		designated mp149 for tests with mp100.
	o Measurement points at Transit GRA GWs are numbered mpX00 and		o Measurement points at Transit GRA GWs are numbered mpX00 and
	mpX90, where X is the lowest positive integer not already used in		mpX90, where X is the lowest positive integer not already used in
	the path.		the path. The GW of first transit network is shown, with point
			mp200 and the last transit network GW with mpX90.
	6. Translation Between Ref. Path and Tech. X		6. Translation Between Reference Path and Various Technologies
	This section and those that follow are intended to provide a more		This section and those that follow are intended to provide a more
	exact mapping between particular network technologies and the		exact mapping between particular network technologies and the
	reference path.		reference path.
	We provide an example for 3G Cellular access below.		We provide an example for 3G Cellular access below.
	Subscriber -- Private -- Access Srvc ----------- GRA --- Transit ...		Subscriber -- Private --- Service ------------- GRA --- Transit ...
	device Net #1 Demarc. GW GRA GW		device Net #1 Demarc. GW GRA GW
	mp000 mp100 mp190 mp200		mp000 mp100 mp190 mp200
	|_____________UE______________|___RAN+Core____|___GGSN__|		|_____________UE______________|___RAN+Core____|___GGSN__|
	|_____Un-managed sub-path_____|____Managed sub-path_____|		|_____Un-managed sub-path_____|____Managed sub-path_____|
	GRA = Globally Routable Address, GW = Gateway, UE = User Equipment,		GRA = Globally Routable Address, GW = Gateway, UE = User Equipment,
	RAN = Radio Access Network, GGSN = Gateway GPRS Support Node.		RAN = Radio Access Network, GGSN = Gateway GPRS Support Node.
	We next provide a few examples of DSL access. Consider first the		We next provide a few examples of DSL access. Consider first the
	case where:		case where:
	o The Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) is a NAT device that is		o The Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) has a NAT device that is
	configured with a public IP address.		configured with a public IP address.
	o The CPE is a home router that has also an incorporated a WiFi		o The CPE is a home router that has also an incorporated a WiFi
	access point and this is the only networking device in the home		access point and this is the only networking device in the home
	network, all endpoints attach directly to the CPE though the WiFi		network, all endpoints attach directly to the CPE though the WiFi
	access.		access.
	We believe this is a fairly common configuration in some parts of the		We believe this is a fairly common configuration in some parts of the
	world and fairly simple as well.		world and fairly simple as well.
	This case would map into the defined reference measurement points as		This case would map into the defined reference measurement points as
	follows:		follows:
	Subsc. -- Private -- Private -- Access -- Intra IP -- GRA -- Transit		Subsc. -- Private -- Private -- Service-- Intra IP -- GRA -- Transit
	device Net #1 Net #2 Demarc. Access GW GRA GW		device Net #1 Net #2 Demarc. Access GW GRA GW
	mp000 mp100 mp150 mp190 mp200		mp000 mp100 mp150 mp190 mp200
	|--UE--|------------CPE/NAT--------|-------|BRAS-|------|		|--UE--|------------CPE/NAT--------|------|-BRAS-|------|
	|----Access Network--|		|------DSL Network---|
	|_______Un-managed sub-path________|__Managed sub-path__|		|_______Un-managed sub-path________|__Managed sub-path__|
	GRA = Globally Routable Address, GW = Gateway		GRA = Globally Routable Address, GW = Gateway, BRAS = Broadband
			Remote Acess Server
	Consider next the case where:		Consider next the case where:
	o The Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) is a NAT device that is		o The Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) is a NAT device that is
	configured with a private IP address.		configured with a private IP address.
	o There is a Carrier Grade NAT (CGN) located deep into the Access		o There is a Carrier Grade NAT (CGN) located deep into the Access
	ISP network.		ISP network.
	o The CPE is a home router that has also an incorporated a WiFi		o The CPE is a home router that has also an incorporated a WiFi
	access point and this is the only networking device in the home		access point and this is the only networking device in the home
	network, all endpoints attach directly to the CPE though the WiFi		network, all endpoints attach directly to the CPE though the WiFi
	access.		access.
	We believe is becoming a fairly common configuration in some parts of		We believe this is becoming a fairly common configuration in some
	the world.		parts of the world.
	This case would map into the defined reference measurement points as		This case would map into the defined reference measurement points as
	follows:		follows:
	Subsc. -- Private -- Private -- Access -- Intra IP -- GRA -- Transit		Subsc. -- Private ------------- Service-- Intra IP -- GRA -- Transit
	device Net #1 Net #2 Demarc. Access GW GRA GW		device Net #1 Demarc. Access GW GRA GW
	mp000 mp100 mp150 mp190 mp200		mp000 mp100 mp150 mp190 mp200
	|--UE--|------------CPE/NAT--------|------|-CGN-|------|		|--UE--|------------CPE/NAT--------|------|-CGN-|------|
	|---Access Network--|		|-----DSL Network---|
	|_______Un-managed sub-path________|_Managed sub-path__|		|_______Un-managed sub-path________|_Managed sub-path__|
	GRA = Globally Routable Address, GW = Gateway		GRA = Globally Routable Address, GW = Gateway
	7. Example Resource Transition		7. Example Resource Transition
	This section gives an example of Shared and Dedicated portions with		This section gives an example of Shared and Dedicated portions with
	the reference path. This example shows two Resource Transition		the reference path. This example shows two Resource Transition
	Points.		Points.
	skipping to change at page 9, line 48 ¶		skipping to change at page 11, line 48 ¶
	o The CPE is wired Residential GW and modem (Private Net#2)		o The CPE is wired Residential GW and modem (Private Net#2)
	connected to a WiFi access point (Private Net#1). The Subscriber		connected to a WiFi access point (Private Net#1). The Subscriber
	device (UE) attaches to the CPE though the WiFi access.		device (UE) attaches to the CPE though the WiFi access.
	o The Wi-Fi subnetwork (Private Net#1) shares unlicensed radio		o The Wi-Fi subnetwork (Private Net#1) shares unlicensed radio
	channel resources with other W-Fi access networks (and potentially		channel resources with other W-Fi access networks (and potentially
	other sources of interference), thus this is a Shared portion of		other sources of interference), thus this is a Shared portion of
	the path.		the path.
	o The wired subnetwork (Private Net#2) and a portion of the Access		o The wired subnetwork (Private Net#2) and a portion of the Service
	Network are Dedicated Resources (for a single Subscriber), thus		Provider's Network are Dedicated Resources (for a single
	there is a Resource Transition Point between (Private Net#1) and		Subscriber), thus there is a Resource Transition Point between
	(Private Net#2).		(Private Net#1) and (Private Net#2).
	o Subscriber traffic shares common resources with other subscribers		o Subscriber traffic shares common resources with other subscribers
	upon reaching the Carrier Grade NAT (CGN), thus there is a		upon reaching the Carrier Grade NAT (CGN), thus there is a
	Resource Transition Point and further network components are		Resource Transition Point and further network components are
	designated as Shared Resources.		designated as Shared Resources.
	We believe is becoming a fairly common configuration in parts of the		We believe this is a fairly common configuration in parts of the
	world.		world.
	This case would map into the defined reference measurement points as		This case would map into the defined reference measurement points as
	follows:		follows:
	Subsc. -- Private -- Private -- Access -- Intra IP -- GRA -- Transit		Subsc. -- Private -- Private -- Access -- Intra IP -- GRA -- Transit
	device Net #1 Net #2 Demarc. Access GW GRA GW		device Net #1 Net #2 Demarc. Access GW GRA GW
	mp000 mp100 mp150 mp190 mp200		mp000 mp100 mp150 mp190 mp200
	|--UE--|------------CPE/NAT--------|------|-CGN-|------|		|--UE--|------------CPE/NAT--------|------|-CGN-|------|
	Wi-Fi wired |---Access Network--|		| Wi-Fi | 1000Base-T |-----DSL Network---|
	|-Shared--|RT|------Dedicated------| RT |-----Shared------...		|-Shared--|RT|------Dedicated------| RT |-----Shared------...
	|_______Un-managed sub-path________|_Managed sub-path__|		|_______Un-managed sub-path________|_Managed sub-path__|
	GRA = Globally Routable Address, GW = Gateway, RT = Resource		GRA = Globally Routable Address, GW = Gateway, RT = Resource
	Transition Point		Transition Point
	8. Security considerations		8. Security considerations
	Specification of a Reference Path and identification of measurement		Specification of a Reference Path and identification of measurement
	points on the path represent agreements among interested parties, and		points on the path represent agreements among interested parties, and
	they present no threat to the readers of this memo or to the Internet		they present no threat to the readers of this memo or to the Internet
	itself.		itself.
			When considering privacy of those involved in measurement or those
			whose traffic is measured, there is sensitive information
			communicated to recipients of the network diagrams illustrating paths
			and measurement points described above. We refer the reader to the
			privacy considerations described in the Large Scale Measurement of
			Broadband Performance (LMAP) Framework [I-D.ietf-lmap-framework],
			which covers active and passive measurement techniques and supporting
			material on measurement context.
	9. IANA Considerations		9. IANA Considerations
	TBD		This memo makes no requests for IANA consideration.
	10. Acknowledgements		10. Acknowledgements
	Thanks to Matt Mathis for review and comments.		Thanks to Matt Mathis, Charles Cook, Dan Romascanu, and Lingli Deng
			for review and comments.
	11. References		11. References
	11.1. Normative References		11.1. Normative References
	[RFC2330] Paxson, V., Almes, G., Mahdavi, J., and M. Mathis,		[RFC2330] Paxson, V., Almes, G., Mahdavi, J., and M. Mathis,
	"Framework for IP Performance Metrics", RFC 2330, May		"Framework for IP Performance Metrics", RFC 2330, May
	1998.		1998.
	[RFC3432] Raisanen, V., Grotefeld, G., and A. Morton, "Network		[RFC3432] Raisanen, V., Grotefeld, G., and A. Morton, "Network
	performance measurement with periodic streams", RFC 3432,		performance measurement with periodic streams", RFC 3432,
	November 2002.		November 2002.
	[RFC2681] Almes, G., Kalidindi, S., and M. Zekauskas, "A Round-trip
	Delay Metric for IPPM", RFC 2681, September 1999.
	[RFC6673] Morton, A., "Round-Trip Packet Loss Metrics", RFC 6673,
	August 2012.
	[RFC1035] Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - implementation and
	specification", STD 13, RFC 1035, November 1987.
	[RFC5905] Mills, D., Martin, J., Burbank, J., and W. Kasch, "Network
	Time Protocol Version 4: Protocol and Algorithms
	Specification", RFC 5905, June 2010.
	[RFC2679] Almes, G., Kalidindi, S., and M. Zekauskas, "A One-way
	Delay Metric for IPPM", RFC 2679, September 1999.
	[RFC2680] Almes, G., Kalidindi, S., and M. Zekauskas, "A One-way
	Packet Loss Metric for IPPM", RFC 2680, September 1999.
	[RFC3393] Demichelis, C. and P. Chimento, "IP Packet Delay Variation
	Metric for IP Performance Metrics (IPPM)", RFC 3393,
	November 2002.
	[RFC5481] Morton, A. and B. Claise, "Packet Delay Variation
	Applicability Statement", RFC 5481, March 2009.
	[RFC5835] Morton, A. and S. Van den Berghe, "Framework for Metric		[RFC5835] Morton, A. and S. Van den Berghe, "Framework for Metric
	Composition", RFC 5835, April 2010.		Composition", RFC 5835, April 2010.
	11.2. Informative References		11.2. Informative References
	[RFC4148] Stephan, E., "IP Performance Metrics (IPPM) Metrics		[I-D.ietf-lmap-framework]
	Registry", BCP 108, RFC 4148, August 2005.		Eardley, P., Morton, A., Bagnulo, M., Burbridge, T.,
			Aitken, P., and A. Akhter, "A framework for large-scale
	[RFC6248] Morton, A., "RFC 4148 and the IP Performance Metrics		measurement platforms (LMAP)", draft-ietf-lmap-
	(IPPM) Registry of Metrics Are Obsolete", RFC 6248, April		framework-05 (work in progress), May 2014.
	2011.
	[SK] Crawford, Sam., "Test Methodology White Paper", SamKnows		[SK] Crawford, Sam., "Test Methodology White Paper", SamKnows
	Whitebox Briefing Note		Whitebox Briefing Note
	http://www.samknows.com/broadband/index.php, July 2011.		http://www.samknows.com/broadband/index.php, July 2011.
	[Q1741] Q.1741.7, , "IMT-2000 references to Release 9 of GSM-		[Q1741] Q.1741.7, , "IMT-2000 references to Release 9 of GSM-
	evolved UMTS core network",		evolved UMTS core network",
	http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-Q.1741.7/en, November 2011.		http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-Q.1741.7/en, November 2011.
	Authors' Addresses		Authors' Addresses
	skipping to change at page 12, line 20 ¶		skipping to change at page 14, line 4 ¶
	Marcelo Bagnulo		Marcelo Bagnulo
	Universidad Carlos III de Madrid		Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
	Av. Universidad 30		Av. Universidad 30
	Leganes, Madrid 28911		Leganes, Madrid 28911
	SPAIN		SPAIN
	Phone: 34 91 6249500		Phone: 34 91 6249500
	Email: marcelo@it.uc3m.es		Email: marcelo@it.uc3m.es
	URI: http://www.it.uc3m.es		URI: http://www.it.uc3m.es
	Trevor Burbridge		Trevor Burbridge
	British Telecom		BT
	Adastral Park, Martlesham Heath		Adastral Park, Martlesham Heath
	IPswitch		Ipswich
	ENGLAND		ENGLAND
	Email: trevor.burbridge@bt.com		Email: trevor.burbridge@bt.com
	Sam Crawford		Sam Crawford
	SamKnows		SamKnows
	Email: sam@samknows.com		Email: sam@samknows.com
	Phil Eardley		Phil Eardley
	British Telecom		BT
	Adastral Park, Martlesham Heath		Adastral Park, Martlesham Heath
	IPswitch		Ipswich
	ENGLAND		ENGLAND
	Email: philip.eardley@bt.com		Email: philip.eardley@bt.com
	Al Morton		Al Morton
	AT&T Labs		AT&T Labs
	200 Laurel Avenue South		200 Laurel Avenue South
	Middletown, NJ		Middletown, NJ
	USA		USA
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