< draft-ietf-masque-h3-datagram-05.txt   draft-ietf-masque-h3-datagram-06.txt >
MASQUE D. Schinazi MASQUE D. Schinazi
Internet-Draft Google LLC Internet-Draft Google LLC
Intended status: Standards Track L. Pardue Intended status: Standards Track L. Pardue
Expires: 28 April 2022 Cloudflare Expires: 5 September 2022 Cloudflare
25 October 2021 4 March 2022
Using Datagrams with HTTP Using Datagrams with HTTP
draft-ietf-masque-h3-datagram-05 draft-ietf-masque-h3-datagram-06
Abstract Abstract
The QUIC DATAGRAM extension provides application protocols running The QUIC DATAGRAM extension provides application protocols running
over QUIC with a mechanism to send unreliable data while leveraging over QUIC with a mechanism to send unreliable data while leveraging
the security and congestion-control properties of QUIC. However, the security and congestion-control properties of QUIC. However,
QUIC DATAGRAM frames do not provide a means to demultiplex QUIC DATAGRAM frames do not provide a means to demultiplex
application contexts. This document describes how to use QUIC application contexts. This document describes how to use QUIC
DATAGRAM frames when the application protocol running over QUIC is DATAGRAM frames with HTTP/3 by association with HTTP requests.
HTTP/3. It associates datagrams with client-initiated bidirectional Additionally, this document defines the Capsule Protocol that can
streams and defines an optional additional demultiplexing layer. convey datagrams over prior versions of HTTP.
Additionally, this document defines how to convey datagrams over
prior versions of HTTP.
Discussion Venues Discussion Venues
This note is to be removed before publishing as an RFC. This note is to be removed before publishing as an RFC.
Discussion of this document takes place on the MASQUE WG mailing list Discussion of this document takes place on the MASQUE WG mailing list
(masque@ietf.org), which is archived at (masque@ietf.org), which is archived at
https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/browse/masque/. https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/browse/masque/.
Source for this draft and an issue tracker can be found at Source for this draft and an issue tracker can be found at
skipping to change at page 2, line 4 skipping to change at page 1, line 48
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material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on 28 April 2022.
This Internet-Draft will expire on 5 September 2022.
Copyright Notice Copyright Notice
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Table of Contents Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1. Conventions and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.1. Conventions and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Multiplexing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2. Multiplexing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1. Datagram Contexts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3. HTTP/3 Datagram Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.2. Datagram Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.1. The H3_DATAGRAM HTTP/3 SETTINGS Parameter . . . . . . . . 5
2.3. Context ID Allocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.1.1. Note About Draft Versions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3. HTTP/3 DATAGRAM Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4. Capsules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4. Capsules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4.1. Capsule Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.1. Capsule Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 4.2. Error Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.2. Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 4.3. The Capsule-Protocol Header Field . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.3. Intermediary Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 4.4. The DATAGRAM Capsule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.4. Capsule Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5. Prioritization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.4.1. The Datagram Registration Capsules . . . . . . . . . 10 6. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.4.2. The Datagram Close Capsule . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 7. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.4.3. The Datagram Capsules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 7.1. HTTP/3 SETTINGS Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
5. The H3_DATAGRAM HTTP/3 SETTINGS Parameter . . . . . . . . . . 14 7.2. HTTP/3 Error Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
5.1. Note About Draft Versions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 7.3. HTTP Header Field Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
6. The Sec-Use-Datagram-Contexts HTTP Header . . . . . . . . . . 15 7.4. Capsule Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
7. Prioritization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
8. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 8.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
9. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 8.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
9.1. HTTP/3 SETTINGS Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Appendix A. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
9.2. HTTP Header Field Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 A.1. CONNECT-UDP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
9.3. Capsule Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 A.2. WebTransport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
9.4. Datagram Format Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
9.5. Context Close Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
10. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
10.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
10.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Appendix A. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
A.1. CONNECT-UDP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
A.2. CONNECT-UDP with Delayed Timestamp Extension . . . . . . 22
A.2.1. With Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
A.3. Successful Optimistic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
A.4. Optimistic but Unsupported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
A.5. CONNECT-IP with IP compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
A.6. WebTransport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
1. Introduction 1. Introduction
The QUIC DATAGRAM extension [DGRAM] provides application protocols The QUIC DATAGRAM extension [DGRAM] provides application protocols
running over QUIC [QUIC] with a mechanism to send unreliable data running over QUIC [QUIC] with a mechanism to send unreliable data
while leveraging the security and congestion-control properties of while leveraging the security and congestion-control properties of
QUIC. However, QUIC DATAGRAM frames do not provide a means to QUIC. However, QUIC DATAGRAM frames do not provide a means to
demultiplex application contexts. This document describes how to use demultiplex application contexts. This document describes how to use
QUIC DATAGRAM frames when the application protocol running over QUIC QUIC DATAGRAM frames with HTTP/3 [H3] by association with HTTP
is HTTP/3 [H3]. It associates datagrams with client-initiated requests. Additionally, this document defines the Capsule Protocol
bidirectional streams and defines an optional additional that can convey datagrams over prior versions of HTTP.
demultiplexing layer. Additionally, this document defines how to
convey datagrams over prior versions of HTTP.
This document is structured as follows: This document is structured as follows:
* Section 2 presents core concepts for multiplexing across HTTP * Section 2 presents core concepts for multiplexing across HTTP
versions. versions.
- Section 2.1 defines datagram contexts, an optional end-to-end
multiplexing concept scoped to each HTTP request. Whether
contexts are in use is defined in Section 6.
- Section 2.2 defines datagram formats, which are scoped to
contexts. Formats communicate the format and encoding of
datagrams sent using the associated context.
- Contexts are identified using a variable-length integer.
Requirements for allocating identifier values are detailed in
Section 2.3.
* Section 3 defines how QUIC DATAGRAM frames are used with HTTP/3. * Section 3 defines how QUIC DATAGRAM frames are used with HTTP/3.
Section 5 defines an HTTP/3 setting that endpoints can use to
advertise support of the frame. - Section 3.1 defines an HTTP/3 setting that endpoints can use to
advertise support of the frame.
* Section 4 introduces the Capsule Protocol and the "data stream" * Section 4 introduces the Capsule Protocol and the "data stream"
concept. Data streams are initiated using special-purpose HTTP concept. Data streams are initiated using special-purpose HTTP
requests, after which Capsules, an end-to-end message, can be requests, after which Capsules, an end-to-end message, can be
sent. sent.
- The following Capsule types are defined, together with guidance - Section 4.4 defines Datagram Capsule types, along with guidance
for defining new types: for specifying new capsule types.
o Datagram registration capsules Section 4.4.1
o Datagram close capsule Section 4.4.2
o Datagram capsules Section 4.4.3
1.1. Conventions and Definitions 1.1. Conventions and Definitions
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
capitals, as shown here. capitals, as shown here.
2. Multiplexing 2. Multiplexing
When running over HTTP/3, multiple exchanges of datagrams need the All HTTP Datagrams are associated with an HTTP request.
ability to coexist on a given QUIC connection. To allow this, HTTP
datagrams contain two layers of multiplexing. First, the QUIC
DATAGRAM frame payload starts with an encoded stream identifier that
associates the datagram with a given QUIC stream. Second, datagrams
optionally carry a context identifier (see Section 2.1) that allows
multiplexing multiple datagram contexts related to a given HTTP
request. Conceptually, the first layer of multiplexing is per-hop,
while the second is end-to-end.
When running over HTTP/2, the first level of demultiplexing is
provided by the HTTP/2 framing layer. When running over HTTP/1,
requests are strictly serialized in the connection, therefore the
first layer of demultiplexing is not needed.
2.1. Datagram Contexts
Within the scope of a given HTTP request, contexts provide an
additional demultiplexing layer. Contexts determine the encoding of
datagrams, and can be used to implicitly convey metadata. For
example, contexts can be used for compression to elide some parts of
the datagram: the context identifier then maps to a compression
context that the receiver can use to reconstruct the elided data.
While stream IDs are a per-hop concept, context IDs are an end-to-end
concept. In other words, if a datagram travels through one or more
intermediaries on its way from client to server, the stream ID will
most likely change from hop to hop, but the context ID will remain
the same. Context IDs are opaque to intermediaries.
Contexts are OPTIONAL to implement for both endpoints.
Intermediaries do not require any context-specific software to enable
contexts. When contexts are supported by the implementation, their
use is optional and can be selected on each stream. Endpoints inform
their peer of whether they wish to use contexts via the Sec-Use-
Datagram-Contexts HTTP header, see Section 6.
When contexts are used, they are identified within the scope of a
given request by a numeric value, referred to as the context ID. A
context ID is a 62-bit integer (0 to 2^62-1).
2.2. Datagram Formats
When an endpoint registers a datagram context (or the lack of
contexts), it communicates the format (i.e., the semantics and
encoding) of datagrams sent using this context. This is
acccomplished by sending a Datagram Format Type as part of the
datagram registration capsule, see Section 4.4.1. This type
identifier is registered with IANA (see Section 9.4) and allows
applications that use HTTP Datagrams to indicate what the content of
datagrams are. Registration capsules carry a Datagram Format
Additional Data field which allows sending some additional
information that would impact the format of datagrams.
For example, a protocol which proxies IP packets can define a
Datagram Format Type which represents an IP packet. The
corresponding Datagram Format Additional Data field would be empty.
An extension to such a protocol that wishes to compress IP addresses
could define a distinct Datagram Format Type and exchange two IP
addresses via the Datagram Format Additional Data field. Then any
datagrams with that type would contain the IP packet with addresses
elided.
2.3. Context ID Allocation
Implementations of HTTP Datagrams that support datagram contexts MUST When running over HTTP/3, multiple exchanges of datagrams need the
provide a context ID allocation service. That service will allow ability to coexist on a given QUIC connection. To allow this, the
applications co-located with HTTP to request a unique context ID that QUIC DATAGRAM frame payload starts with an encoded stream identifier
they can subsequently use for their own purposes. The HTTP that associates the datagram with a request stream.
implementation will then parse the context ID of incoming HTTP
Datagrams and use it to deliver the frame to the appropriate
application context.
Even-numbered context IDs are client-initiated, while odd-numbered When running over HTTP/2, demultiplexing is provided by the HTTP/2
context IDs are server-initiated. This means that an HTTP client framing layer. When running over HTTP/1, requests are strictly
implementation of the context ID allocation service MUST only provide serialized in the connection, therefore demultiplexing is not needed.
even-numbered IDs, while a server implementation MUST only provide
odd-numbered IDs. Note that, once allocated, any context ID can be
used by both client and server - only allocation carries separate
namespaces to avoid requiring synchronization. Additionally, note
that the context ID namespace is tied to a given HTTP request: it is
possible for the same numeral context ID to be used simultaneously in
distinct requests.
3. HTTP/3 DATAGRAM Format 3. HTTP/3 Datagram Format
When used with HTTP/3, the Datagram Data field of QUIC DATAGRAM When used with HTTP/3, the Datagram Data field of QUIC DATAGRAM
frames uses the following format (using the notation from the frames uses the following format (using the notation from the
"Notational Conventions" section of [QUIC]): "Notational Conventions" section of [QUIC]):
HTTP/3 Datagram { HTTP/3 Datagram {
Quarter Stream ID (i), Quarter Stream ID (i),
[Context ID (i)],
HTTP Datagram Payload (..), HTTP Datagram Payload (..),
} }
Figure 1: HTTP/3 DATAGRAM Format Figure 1: HTTP/3 DATAGRAM Format
Quarter Stream ID: A variable-length integer that contains the value Quarter Stream ID: A variable-length integer that contains the value
of the client-initiated bidirectional stream that this datagram is of the client-initiated bidirectional stream that this datagram is
associated with, divided by four (the division by four stems from associated with, divided by four (the division by four stems from
the fact that HTTP requests are sent on client-initiated the fact that HTTP requests are sent on client-initiated
bidirectional streams, and those have stream IDs that are bidirectional streams, and those have stream IDs that are
divisible by four). The largest legal QUIC stream ID value is divisible by four). The largest legal QUIC stream ID value is
2^62-1, so the largest legal value of Quarter Stream ID is 2^62-1 2^62-1, so the largest legal value of Quarter Stream ID is 2^60-1.
/ 4. Receipt of a frame that includes a larger value MUST be Receipt of a frame that includes a larger value MUST be treated as
treated as a connection error of type FRAME_ENCODING_ERROR. an HTTP/3 connection error of type H3_DATAGRAM_ERROR.
Context ID: A variable-length integer indicating the context ID of
the datagram (see Section 2.1). Whether or not this field is
present depends on whether datagram contexts are in use on this
stream, see Section 6. If this QUIC DATAGRAM frame is reordered
and arrives before the receiver knows whether datagram contexts
are in use on this stream, then the receiver cannot parse this
datagram and the receiver MUST either drop that datagram silently
or buffer it temporarily.
HTTP Datagram Payload: The payload of the datagram, whose semantics HTTP Datagram Payload: The payload of the datagram, whose semantics
are defined by individual applications. Note that this field can are defined by individual applications. Note that this field can
be empty. be empty.
Intermediaries parse the Quarter Stream ID field in order to Receipt of a QUIC DATAGRAM frame whose payload is too short to allow
associate the QUIC DATAGRAM frame with a stream. If an intermediary parsing the Quarter Stream ID field MUST be treated as an HTTP/3
receives a QUIC DATAGRAM frame whose payload is too short to allow connection error of type H3_DATAGRAM_ERROR.
parsing the Quarter Stream ID field, the intermediary MUST treat it
as an HTTP/3 connection error of type H3_GENERAL_PROTOCOL_ERROR. The
Context ID field is optional and whether it is present or not is
decided end-to-end by the endpoints, see Section 6. Therefore
intermediaries cannot know whether the Context ID field is present or
absent and they MUST ignore any HTTP/3 Datagram fields after the
Quarter Stream ID.
Endpoints parse both the Quarter Stream ID field and the Context ID
field in order to associate the QUIC DATAGRAM frame with a stream and
context within that stream. If an endpoint receives a QUIC DATAGRAM
frame whose payload is too short to allow parsing the Quarter Stream
ID field, the endpoint MUST treat it as an HTTP/3 connection error of
type H3_GENERAL_PROTOCOL_ERROR. If an endpoint receives a QUIC
DATAGRAM frame whose payload is long enough to allow parsing the
Quarter Stream ID field but too short to allow parsing the Context ID
field, the endpoint MUST abruptly terminate the corresponding stream
with a stream error of type H3_GENERAL_PROTOCOL_ERROR.
Endpoints MUST NOT send HTTP/3 datagrams unless the corresponding Endpoints MUST NOT send HTTP/3 datagrams unless the corresponding
stream's send side is open. On a given endpoint, once the receive stream's send side is open. On a given endpoint, once the receive
side of a stream is closed, incoming datagrams for this stream are no side of a stream is closed, incoming datagrams for this stream are no
longer expected so the endpoint can release related state. Endpoints longer expected so the endpoint can release related state. Endpoints
MAY keep state for a short time to account for reordering. Once the MAY keep state for a short time to account for reordering. Once the
state is released, the endpoint MUST silently drop received state is released, the endpoint MUST silently drop received
associated datagrams. associated datagrams.
If an HTTP/3 datagram is received and its Quarter Stream ID maps to a If an HTTP/3 datagram is received and its Quarter Stream ID maps to a
stream that has not yet been created, the receiver SHALL either drop stream that has not yet been created, the receiver SHALL either drop
that datagram silently or buffer it temporarily while awaiting the that datagram silently or buffer it temporarily (on the order of a
creation of the corresponding stream. round trip) while awaiting the creation of the corresponding stream.
If an HTTP/3 datagram is received and its Quarter Stream ID maps to a
stream that cannot be created due to client-initiated bidirectional
stream limits, it SHOULD be treated as an HTTP/3 connection error of
type H3_ID_ERROR. Generating an error is not mandatory in this case
because HTTP/3 implementations might have practical barriers to
determining the active stream concurrency limit that is applied by
the QUIC layer.
HTTP/3 datagrams MUST only be sent with an association to a stream
that supports semantics for HTTP Datagrams. For example, existing
HTTP methods GET and POST do not define semantics for associated HTTP
Datagrams; therefore, HTTP/3 datagrams cannot be sent associated with
GET or POST request streams. If an endpoint receives an HTTP/3
datagram associated with a method that has no known semantics for
HTTP Datagrams, it MUST abort the corresponding stream with
H3_DATAGRAM_ERROR. Future extensions MAY remove these requirements
if they define semantics for such HTTP Datagrams and negotiate mutual
support.
3.1. The H3_DATAGRAM HTTP/3 SETTINGS Parameter
Implementations of HTTP/3 that support HTTP Datagrams can indicate
that to their peer by sending the H3_DATAGRAM SETTINGS parameter with
a value of 1. The value of the H3_DATAGRAM SETTINGS parameter MUST
be either 0 or 1. A value of 0 indicates that HTTP Datagrams are not
supported. An endpoint that receives the H3_DATAGRAM SETTINGS
parameter with a value that is neither 0 or 1 MUST terminate the
connection with error H3_SETTINGS_ERROR.
Endpoints MUST NOT send QUIC DATAGRAM frames until they have both
sent and received the H3_DATAGRAM SETTINGS parameter with a value of
1.
When clients use 0-RTT, they MAY store the value of the server's
H3_DATAGRAM SETTINGS parameter. Doing so allows the client to send
QUIC DATAGRAM frames in 0-RTT packets. When servers decide to accept
0-RTT data, they MUST send a H3_DATAGRAM SETTINGS parameter greater
than or equal to the value they sent to the client in the connection
where they sent them the NewSessionTicket message. If a client
stores the value of the H3_DATAGRAM SETTINGS parameter with their
0-RTT state, they MUST validate that the new value of the H3_DATAGRAM
SETTINGS parameter sent by the server in the handshake is greater
than or equal to the stored value; if not, the client MUST terminate
the connection with error H3_SETTINGS_ERROR. In all cases, the
maximum permitted value of the H3_DATAGRAM SETTINGS parameter is 1.
It is RECOMMENDED that implementations that support receiving HTTP
Datagrams using QUIC always send the H3_DATAGRAM SETTINGS parameter
with a value of 1, even if the application does not intend to use
HTTP Datagrams. This helps to avoid "sticking out"; see Section 6.
3.1.1. Note About Draft Versions
[[RFC editor: please remove this section before publication.]]
Some revisions of this draft specification use a different value (the
Identifier field of a Setting in the HTTP/3 SETTINGS frame) for the
H3_DATAGRAM Settings Parameter. This allows new draft revisions to
make incompatible changes. Multiple draft versions MAY be supported
by either endpoint in a connection. Such endpoints MUST send
multiple values for H3_DATAGRAM. Once an endpoint has sent and
received SETTINGS, it MUST compute the intersection of the values it
has sent and received, and then it MUST select and use the most
recent draft version from the intersection set. This ensures that
both endpoints negotiate the same draft version.
4. Capsules 4. Capsules
This specification introduces the Capsule Protocol. The Capsule This specification introduces the Capsule Protocol. The Capsule
Protocol is a sequence of type-length-value tuples that allows Protocol is a sequence of type-length-value tuples that new HTTP
endpoints to reliably communicate request-related information end-to- Upgrade Tokens (see Section 16.7 of [HTTP]) can choose to use. It
end, even in the presence of HTTP intermediaries. allows endpoints to reliably communicate request-related information
end-to-end on HTTP request streams, even in the presence of HTTP
4.1. Capsule Protocol intermediaries. The Capsule Protocol can be used to exchange HTTP
Datagrams when HTTP is running over a transport that does not support
the QUIC DATAGRAM frame.
This specification defines the "data stream" of an HTTP request as This specification defines the "data stream" of an HTTP request as
the bidirectional stream of bytes that follow the headers in both the bidirectional stream of bytes that follow the headers in both
directions. In HTTP/1.x, the data stream consists of all bytes on directions. In HTTP/1.x, the data stream consists of all bytes on
the connection that follow the blank line that concludes either the the connection that follow the blank line that concludes either the
request header section, or the 2xx (Successful) response header request header section, or the 2xx (Successful) response header
section. In HTTP/2 and HTTP/3, the data stream of a given HTTP section. (Note that only a single HTTP request starting the capsule
request consists of all bytes sent in DATA frames with the protocol can be sent on HTTP/1.x connections.) In HTTP/2 and HTTP/3,
corresponding stream ID. The concept of a data stream is the data stream of a given HTTP request consists of all bytes sent in
particularly relevant for methods such as CONNECT where there is no DATA frames with the corresponding stream ID. The concept of a data
HTTP message content after the headers. stream is particularly relevant for methods such as CONNECT where
there is no HTTP message content after the headers.
Definitions of new HTTP Methods or of new HTTP Upgrade Tokens can Note that use of the Capsule Protocol is not required to use HTTP
state that their data stream uses the Capsule Protocol. If they do Datagrams. If a new HTTP Upgrade Token is only defined over
so, that means that the contents of their data stream uses the transports that support QUIC DATAGRAM frames, they might not need a
following format (using the notation from the "Notational stream encoding. Additionally, definitions of new HTTP Upgrade
Conventions" section of [QUIC]): Tokens can use HTTP Datagrams with their own data stream protocol.
However, new HTTP Upgrade Tokens that wish to use HTTP Datagrams
SHOULD use the Capsule Protocol unless they have a good reason not
to.
4.1. Capsule Protocol
Definitions of new HTTP Upgrade Tokens can state that their data
stream uses the Capsule Protocol. If they do so, that means that the
contents of their data stream uses the following format (using the
notation from the "Notational Conventions" section of [QUIC]):
Capsule Protocol { Capsule Protocol {
Capsule (..) ..., Capsule (..) ...,
} }
Figure 2: Capsule Protocol Stream Format Figure 2: Capsule Protocol Stream Format
Capsule { Capsule {
Capsule Type (i), Capsule Type (i),
Capsule Length (i), Capsule Length (i),
skipping to change at page 9, line 5 skipping to change at page 7, line 41
capsule. Endpoints that receive a capsule with an unknown Capsule capsule. Endpoints that receive a capsule with an unknown Capsule
Type MUST silently skip over that capsule. Type MUST silently skip over that capsule.
Capsule Length: The length of the Capsule Value field following this Capsule Length: The length of the Capsule Value field following this
field, encoded as a variable-length integer. Note that this field field, encoded as a variable-length integer. Note that this field
can have a value of zero. can have a value of zero.
Capsule Value: The payload of this capsule. Its semantics are Capsule Value: The payload of this capsule. Its semantics are
determined by the value of the Capsule Type field. determined by the value of the Capsule Type field.
4.2. Requirements Because new protocols or extensions may involve defining new capsule
types, intermediaries that wish to allow for future extensibility
If the definition of an HTTP Method or HTTP Upgrade Token states that SHOULD forward capsules unmodified. One exception to this rule is
it uses the capsule protocol, its implementations MUST follow the the DATAGRAM capsule; see Section 4.4. An intermediary can identify
following requirements: the use of the capsule protocol either through the presence of the
Capsule-Protocol header field (Section 4.3) or by understanding the
* A server MUST NOT send any Transfer-Encoding or Content-Length chosen HTTP Upgrade token. An intermediary that identifies the use
header fields in a 2xx (Successful) response. If a client of the capsule protocol MAY convert between DATAGRAM capsules and
receives a Content-Length or Transfer-Encoding header fields in a QUIC DATAGRAM frames when forwarding. Definitions of new Capsule
successful response, it MUST treat that response as malformed. Types MAY specify optional custom intermediary processing.
* A request message does not have content.
* A successful response message does not have content.
* Responses are not cacheable.
4.3. Intermediary Processing
Intermediaries MUST operate in one of the two following modes:
Pass-through mode: In this mode, the intermediary forwards the data
stream between two associated streams without any modification of
the data stream.
Participant mode: In this mode, the intermediary terminates the data
stream and parses all Capsule Type and Capsule Length fields it
receives.
Each Capsule Type determines whether it is opaque or transparent to
intermediaries in participant mode: opaque capsules are forwarded
unmodified while transparent ones can be parsed, added, or removed by
intermediaries. Intermediaries MAY modify the contents of the
Capsule Data field of transparent capsule types.
Unless otherwise specified, all Capsule Types are defined as opaque
to intermediaries. Intermediaries MUST forward all received opaque
CAPSULE frames in their unmodified entirety. Intermediaries MUST NOT
send any opaque CAPSULE frames other than the ones it is forwarding.
All Capsule Types defined in this document are opaque, with the
exception of the datagram capsules, see Section 4.4.3. Definitions
of new Capsule Types MAY specify that the newly introduced type is
transparent. Intermediaries MUST treat unknown Capsule Types as
opaque.
Intermediaries respect the order of opaque CAPSULE frames: if an
intermediary receives two opaque CAPSULE frames in a given order, it
MUST forward them in the same order.
Endpoints which receive a Capsule with an unknown Capsule Type MUST Endpoints which receive a Capsule with an unknown Capsule Type MUST
silently drop that Capsule. silently drop that Capsule.
4.4. Capsule Types By virtue of the definition of the data stream, the Capsule Protocol
is not in use on responses unless the response includes a 2xx
4.4.1. The Datagram Registration Capsules (Successful) status code.
This document defines the REGISTER_DATAGRAM and
REGISTER_DATAGRAM_CONTEXT capsules types, known collectively as the
datagram registration capsules (see Section 9.3 for the value of the
capsule types). The REGISTER_DATAGRAM capsule is used by endpoints
to inform their peer of the encoding and semantics of all datagrams
associated with a stream. The REGISTER_DATAGRAM_CONTEXT capsule is
used by endpoints to inform their peer of the encoding and semantics
of all datagrams associated with a given context ID on this stream.
Datagram Registration Capsule {
Type (i) = REGISTER_DATAGRAM or REGISTER_DATAGRAM_CONTEXT,
Length (i),
[Context ID (i)],
Datagram Format Type (i),
Datagram Format Additional Data (..),
}
Figure 4: REGISTER_DATAGRAM_CONTEXT Capsule Format
Context ID: A variable-length integer indicating the context ID to
register (see Section 2.1). This field is present in
REGISTER_DATAGRAM_CONTEXT capsules but not in REGISTER_DATAGRAM
capsules. If a REGISTER_DATAGRAM capsule is used on a stream
where datagram contexts are in use, it is associated with context
ID 0. REGISTER_DATAGRAM_CONTEXT capsules MUST NOT carry context
ID 0 as that context ID is conveyed using the REGISTER_DATAGRAM
capsule.
Datagram Format Type: A variable-length integer that defines the
semantics and encoding of the HTTP Datagram Payload field of
datagrams with this context ID, see Section 2.2.
Datagram Format Additional Data: This field carries additional
information that impact the format of datagrams with this context
ID, see Section 2.2.
Note that these registrations are unilateral and bidirectional: the
sender of the capsule unilaterally defines the semantics it will
apply to the datagrams it sends and receives using this context ID.
Once a context ID is registered, it can be used in both directions.
Endpoints MUST NOT send HTTP Datagrams until they have either sent or
received a datagram registration capsule with the same Context ID.
However, reordering can cause HTTP Datagrams to be received with an
unknown Context ID. Receipt of such HTTP datagrams MUST NOT be
treated as an error. Endpoints SHALL drop the HTTP Datagram
silently, or buffer it temporarily while awaiting the corresponding
datagram registration capsule. Intermediaries SHALL drop the HTTP
Datagram silently, MAY buffer it, or forward it on immediately.
Endpoints MUST NOT register the same Context ID twice on the same
stream. This also applies to Context IDs that have been closed using
a CLOSE_DATAGRAM_CONTEXT capsule. Clients MUST NOT register server-
initiated Context IDs and servers MUST NOT register client-initiated
Context IDs. If an endpoint receives a REGISTER_DATAGRAM_CONTEXT
capsule that violates one or more of these requirements, the endpoint
MUST abruptly terminate the corresponding stream with a stream error
of type H3_GENERAL_PROTOCOL_ERROR.
If datagrams contexts are not in use, the client is responsible for
choosing the datagram format and informing the server via a
REGISTER_DATAGRAM capsule. Servers MUST NOT send the
REGISTER_DATAGRAM capsule. If a client receives a REGISTER_DATAGRAM
capsule, the client MUST abruptly terminate the corresponding stream
with a stream error of type H3_GENERAL_PROTOCOL_ERROR.
4.4.2. The Datagram Close Capsule
The CLOSE_DATAGRAM_CONTEXT capsule (see Section 9.3 for the value of
the capsule type) allows an endpoint to inform its peer that it will
no longer send or parse received datagrams associated with a given
context ID.
CLOSE_DATAGRAM_CONTEXT Capsule {
Type (i) = CLOSE_DATAGRAM_CONTEXT,
Length (i),
Context ID (i),
Close Code (i),
Close Details (..),
}
Figure 5: CLOSE_DATAGRAM_CONTEXT Capsule Format
Context ID: The context ID to close.
Close Code: The close code allows an endpoint to provide additional
information as to why a datagram context was closed.
Section 4.4.2.1 defines a set of codes, the circumstances under
which an implementation sends them, and how receivers react.
Close Details: This is meant for debugging purposes. It consists of
a human-readable string encoded in UTF-8.
Note that this close is unilateral and bidirectional: the sender of
the frame unilaterally informs its peer of the closure. Endpoints
can use CLOSE_DATAGRAM_CONTEXT capsules to close a context that was
initially registered by either themselves, or by their peer.
Endpoints MAY use the CLOSE_DATAGRAM_CONTEXT capsule to immediately
reject a context that was just registered using a
REGISTER_DATAGRAM_CONTEXT capsule if they find its Datagram Format
Type field to be unacceptable.
After an endpoint has either sent or received a The Capsule Protocol MUST NOT be used with messages that contain
CLOSE_DATAGRAM_CONTEXT frame, it MUST NOT send any HTTP Datagrams Content-Length, Content-Type, or Transfer-Encoding header fields.
with that Context ID. However, due to reordering, an endpoint that Additionally, HTTP status codes 204 (No Content), 205 (Reset
receives an HTTP Datagram with a closed Context ID MUST NOT treat it Content), and 206 (Partial Content) MUST NOT be sent on responses
as an error, it SHALL instead drop the HTTP Datagram silently. that use the Capsule Protocol.
Endpoints MUST NOT close a Context ID that was not previously 4.2. Error Handling
registered. Endpoints MUST NOT close a Context ID that has already
been closed. If an endpoint receives a CLOSE_DATAGRAM_CONTEXT
capsule that violates one or more of these requirements, the endpoint
MUST abruptly terminate the corresponding stream with a stream error
of type H3_GENERAL_PROTOCOL_ERROR.
4.4.2.1. Close Codes When an error occurs processing the capsule protocol, the receiver
MUST treat the message as malformed or incomplete, according to the
underlying transport protocol. For HTTP/3, the handling of malformed
messages is described in Section 4.1.3 of [H3]. For HTTP/2, the
handling of malformed messages is described in Section 8.1.1 of [H2].
For HTTP/1.1, the handling of incomplete messages is described in
Section 8 of [H1].
Close codes are intended to allow implementations to react Each capsule's payload MUST contain exactly the fields identified in
differently when they receive them - for example, some close codes its description. A capsule payload that contains additional bytes
require the receiver to not open another context under certain after the identified fields or a capsule payload that terminates
conditions. before the end of the identified fields MUST be treated as a
malformed or incomplete message. In particular, redundant length
encodings MUST be verified to be self-consistent.
This specification defines the close codes below. Their numeric When a stream carrying capsules terminates cleanly, if the last
values are in Section 9.5. Extensions to this mechanism MAY define capsule on the stream was truncated, this MUST be treated as a
new close codes and they SHOULD state how receivers react to them. malformed or incomplete message.
NO_ERROR: This indicates that a context was closed without any 4.3. The Capsule-Protocol Header Field
action specified for the receiver.
UNKNOWN_FORMAT: This indicates that the sender does not know how to This document defines the "Capsule-Protocol" header field. It is an
interpret the datagram format type associated with this context. Item Structured Field, see Section 3.3 of [STRUCT-FIELD]; its value
The endpoint that had originally registered this context MUST NOT MUST be a Boolean. Its ABNF is:
try to register another context with the same datagram format type
on this stream.
DENIED: This indicates that the sender has rejected the context Capsule-Protocol = sf-item
registration based on its local policy. The endpoint that had Endpoints indicate that the Capsule Protocol is in use on the data
originally registered this context MUST NOT try to register stream by sending the Capsule-Protocol header field with a value of
another context with the same datagram format type and datagram ?1. A Capsule-Protocol header field with a value of ?0 has the same
format data on this stream. semantics as when the header is not present. Intermediaries MAY use
this header field to allow processing of HTTP Datagrams for unknown
HTTP Upgrade Tokens; note that this is only possible for HTTP Upgrade
or Extended CONNECT.
RESOURCE_LIMIT: This indicates that the context was closed to save The Capsule-Protocol header field MUST NOT be sent multiple times on
resources. The recipient SHOULD limit its future registration of a message. The Capsule-Protocol header field MUST NOT be used on
resource-intensive contexts. HTTP responses with a status code different from 2xx (Successful).
This specification does not define any parameters for the Capsule-
Protocol header field value, but future documents MAY define
parameters. Receivers MUST ignore unknown parameters.
Receipt of an unknown close code MUST be treated as if the NO_ERROR Definitions of new HTTP Upgrade Tokens that use the Capsule Protocol
code was present. Close codes are registered with IANA, see MAY use the Capsule-Protocol header field to simplify intermediary
Section 9.5. processing.
4.4.3. The Datagram Capsules 4.4. The DATAGRAM Capsule
This document defines the DATAGRAM and DATAGRAM_WITH_CONTEXT capsules This document defines the DATAGRAM capsule type (see Section 7.4 for
types, known collectively as the datagram capsules (see Section 9.3 the value of the capsule type). This capsule allows an endpoint to
for the value of the capsule types). These capsules allow an send an HTTP Datagram on a stream using the Capsule Protocol. This
endpoint to send a datagram frame over an HTTP stream. This is is particularly useful when HTTP is running over a transport that
particularly useful when using a version of HTTP that does not does not support the QUIC DATAGRAM frame.
support QUIC DATAGRAM frames.
Datagram Capsule { Datagram Capsule {
Type (i) = DATAGRAM or DATAGRAM_WITH_CONTEXT, Type (i) = DATAGRAM,
Length (i), Length (i),
[Context ID (i)],
HTTP Datagram Payload (..), HTTP Datagram Payload (..),
} }
Figure 6: DATAGRAM Capsule Format Figure 4: DATAGRAM Capsule Format
Context ID: A variable-length integer indicating the context ID of
the datagram (see Section 2.1). This field is present in
DATAGRAM_WITH_CONTEXT capsules but not in DATAGRAM capsules. If a
DATAGRAM capsule is used on a stream where datagram contexts are
in use, it is associated with context ID 0. DATAGRAM_WITH_CONTEXT
capsules MUST NOT carry context ID 0 as that context ID is
conveyed using the DATAGRAM capsule.
HTTP Datagram Payload: The payload of the datagram, whose semantics HTTP Datagram Payload: The payload of the datagram, whose semantics
are defined by individual applications. Note that this field can are defined by individual applications. Note that this field can
be empty. be empty.
Datagrams sent using the datagram capsule have the exact same Datagrams sent using the DATAGRAM capsule have the same semantics as
semantics as datagrams sent in QUIC DATAGRAM frames. In particular, datagrams sent in QUIC DATAGRAM frames. In particular, the
the restrictions on when it is allowed to send an HTTP Datagram and restrictions on when it is allowed to send an HTTP Datagram and how
how to process them from Section 3 also apply to HTTP Datagrams sent to process them from Section 3 also apply to HTTP Datagrams sent and
and received using the datagram capsules. received using the DATAGRAM capsule.
The datagram capsules are transparent to intermediaries, meaning that An intermediary can reencode HTTP Datagrams as it forwards them. In
intermediaries MAY parse them and send datagram capsules that they other words, an intermediary MAY send a DATAGRAM capsule to forward
did not receive. This allows an intermediary to reencode HTTP an HTTP Datagram which was received in a QUIC DATAGRAM frame, and
Datagrams as it forwards them: in other words, an intermediary MAY vice versa.
send a datagram capsule to forward an HTTP Datagram which was
received in a QUIC DATAGRAM frame, and vice versa.
Note that while datagram capsules are sent on a stream, Note that while DATAGRAM capsules that are sent on a stream are
intermediaries can reencode HTTP Datagrams into QUIC DATAGRAM frames reliably delivered in order, intermediaries can reencode DATAGRAM
over the next hop, and those could be dropped. Because of this, capsules into QUIC DATAGRAM frames when forwarding messages, which
applications have to always consider HTTP Datagrams to be unreliable, could result in loss or reordering.
even if they were initially sent in a capsule.
If an intermediary receives an HTTP Datagram in a QUIC DATAGRAM frame If an intermediary receives an HTTP Datagram in a QUIC DATAGRAM frame
and is forwarding it on a connection that supports QUIC DATAGRAM and is forwarding it on a connection that supports QUIC DATAGRAM
frames, the intermediary SHOULD NOT convert that HTTP Datagram to a frames, the intermediary SHOULD NOT convert that HTTP Datagram to a
DATAGRAM capsule. If the HTTP Datagram is too large to fit in a DATAGRAM capsule. If the HTTP Datagram is too large to fit in a
DATAGRAM frame (for example because the path MTU of that QUIC DATAGRAM frame (for example because the path MTU of that QUIC
connection is too low or if the maximum UDP payload size advertised connection is too low or if the maximum UDP payload size advertised
on that connection is too low), the intermediary SHOULD drop the HTTP on that connection is too low), the intermediary SHOULD drop the HTTP
Datagram instead of converting it to a DATAGRAM capsule. This Datagram instead of converting it to a DATAGRAM capsule. This
preserves the end-to-end unreliability characteristic that methods preserves the end-to-end unreliability characteristic that methods
such as Datagram Packetization Layer Path MTU Discovery (DPLPMTUD) such as Datagram Packetization Layer Path MTU Discovery (DPLPMTUD)
depend on [RFC8899]. An intermediary that converts QUIC DATAGRAM depend on [DPLPMTUD]. An intermediary that converts QUIC DATAGRAM
frames to datagram capsules allows HTTP Datagrams to be arbitrarily frames to DATAGRAM capsules allows HTTP Datagrams to be arbitrarily
large without suffering any loss; this can misrepresent the true path large without suffering any loss; this can misrepresent the true path
properties, defeating methods such a DPLPMTUD. properties, defeating methods such as DPLPMTUD.
5. The H3_DATAGRAM HTTP/3 SETTINGS Parameter
Implementations of HTTP/3 that support HTTP Datagrams can indicate
that to their peer by sending the H3_DATAGRAM SETTINGS parameter with
a value of 1. The value of the H3_DATAGRAM SETTINGS parameter MUST
be either 0 or 1. A value of 0 indicates that HTTP Datagrams are not
supported. An endpoint that receives the H3_DATAGRAM SETTINGS
parameter with a value that is neither 0 or 1 MUST terminate the
connection with error H3_SETTINGS_ERROR.
Endpoints MUST NOT send QUIC DATAGRAM frames until they have both
sent and received the H3_DATAGRAM SETTINGS parameter with a value of
1.
When clients use 0-RTT, they MAY store the value of the server's
H3_DATAGRAM SETTINGS parameter. Doing so allows the client to send
QUIC DATAGRAM frames in 0-RTT packets. When servers decide to accept
0-RTT data, they MUST send a H3_DATAGRAM SETTINGS parameter greater
than or equal to the value they sent to the client in the connection
where they sent them the NewSessionTicket message. If a client
stores the value of the H3_DATAGRAM SETTINGS parameter with their
0-RTT state, they MUST validate that the new value of the H3_DATAGRAM
SETTINGS parameter sent by the server in the handshake is greater
than or equal to the stored value; if not, the client MUST terminate
the connection with error H3_SETTINGS_ERROR. In all cases, the
maximum permitted value of the H3_DATAGRAM SETTINGS parameter is 1.
5.1. Note About Draft Versions While DATAGRAM capsules can theoretically carry a payload of length
2^62-1, most applications will have their own limits on what datagran
payload sizes are practical. Implementations SHOULD take those
limits into account when parsing DATAGRAM capsules: if an incoming
DATAGRAM capsule has a length that is known to be so large as to not
be usable, the implementation SHOULD discard the capsule without
buffering its contents into memory.
[[RFC editor: please remove this section before publication.]] 5. Prioritization
Some revisions of this draft specification use a different value (the Data streams (see Section 4.1) can be prioritized using any means
Identifier field of a Setting in the HTTP/3 SETTINGS frame) for the suited to stream or request prioritization. For example, see
H3_DATAGRAM Settings Parameter. This allows new draft revisions to Section 11 of [PRIORITY].
make incompatible changes. Multiple draft versions MAY be supported
by either endpoint in a connection. Such endpoints MUST send
multiple values for H3_DATAGRAM. Once an endpoint has sent and
received SETTINGS, it MUST compute the intersection of the values it
has sent and received, and then it MUST select and use the most
recent draft version from the intersection set. This ensures that
both endpoints negotiate the same draft version.
6. The Sec-Use-Datagram-Contexts HTTP Header Prioritization of HTTP/3 datagrams is not defined in this document.
Future extensions MAY define how to prioritize datagrams, and MAY
define signaling to allow endpoints to communicate their
prioritization preferences.
Endpoints indicate their support for datagram contexts by sending the 6. Security Considerations
Sec-Use-Datagram-Contexts header with a value of ?1. If the header
is missing or has a value different from ?1, that indicates that its
sender does not wish to use datagram contexts. Endpoints that wish
to use datagram contexts SHALL send the Sec-Use-Datagram-Contexts
header with a value of ?1 on requests and responses that use the
capsule protocol.
"Sec-Use-Datagram-Contexts" is an Item Structured Header [RFC8941]. Since transmitting HTTP Datagrams using QUIC DATAGRAM frames requires
Its value MUST be a Boolean, its ABNF is: sending an HTTP/3 Settings parameter, it "sticks out". In other
words, probing clients can learn whether a server supports HTTP
Datagrams over QUIC DATAGRAM frames. As some servers might wish to
obfuscate the fact that they offer application services that use HTTP
datagrams, it's best for all implementations that support this
feature to always send this Settings parameter, see Section 3.1.
Sec-Use-Datagram-Contexts = sf-boolean Since use of the Capsule Protocol is restricted to new HTTP Upgrade
Tokens, it is not accessible from Web Platform APIs (such as those
commonly accessed via JavaScript in web browsers).
The REGISTER_DATAGRAM_CONTEXT, DATAGRAM_WITH_CONTEXT, and 7. IANA Considerations
CLOSE_DATAGRAM_CONTEXT capsules as refered to as context-related
capsules. Endpoints which do not wish to use contexts MUST NOT send
context-related capsules, and MUST silently ignore any received
context-related capsules.
Both endpoints unilaterally decide whether they wish to use datagram 7.1. HTTP/3 SETTINGS Parameter
contexts on a given stream. Contexts are used on a given stream if
and only if both endpoints indicate they wish to use them on this
stream. Once an endpoint has received the HTTP request or response,
it knows whether datagram contexts are in use on this stream or not.
Conceptually, when datagram contexts are not in use on a stream, all This document will request IANA to register the following entry in
datagrams use context ID 0, which is client-initiated. This means the "HTTP/3 Settings" registry:
that the client chooses the datagram format for all datagrams when
datagram contexts are not in use.
If datagram contexts are not in use on a stream, endpoints MUST NOT Value: 0xffd277 (note that this will switch to a lower value before
send context-related capsules to the peer on that stream. Clients publication)
MAY optimistically send context-related capsules before learning
whether the server wishes to support datagram contexts or not.
This allows a client to optimistically use extensions that rely on Setting Name: H3_DATAGRAM
datagram contexts without knowing a priori whether the server
supports them, and without incurring a latency cost to negotiate
extension support. In this scenario, the client would send its
request with the Sec-Use-Datagram-Contexts header set to ?1, and
register two datagram contexts: the main context would use context ID
0 and the extension context would use context ID 2. The client then
sends a REGISTER_DATAGRAM capsule to register the main context, and a
REGISTER_DATAGRAM_CONTEXT to register the extension context. The
client can then immediately send DATAGRAM capsules to send main
datagrams and DATAGRAM_WITH_CONTEXT capsules to send extension
datagrams.
* If the server wishes to use datagram contexts, it will set Sec- Default: 0
Use-Datagram-Contexts to ?1 on its response and correctly parse
all the received capsules.
* If the server does not wish to use datagram contexts (for example Status: provisional (permanent if this document is approved)
if the server implementation does not support them), it will not
set Sec-Use-Datagram-Contexts to ?1 on its response. It will then
parse the REGISTER_DATAGRAM and DATAGRAM capsules without datagram
contexts being in use on this stream, and parse the main datagrams
correctly while silently dropping the extension datagrams. Once
the client receives the server's response, it will know datagram
contexts are not in use, and then will be able to send HTTP
Datagrams via the QUIC DATAGRAM frame.
Extensions MAY define a different mechanism to communicate whether Specification: This Document
contexts are in use, and they MAY do so in a way which is opaque to
intermediaries.
7. Prioritization Change Controller: IETF
Data streams (see Section 4.1) can be prioritized using any means Contact: HTTP_WG; HTTP working group; ietf-http-wg@w3.org
suited to stream or request prioritization. For example, see
Section 11 of [PRIORITY].
Prioritization of HTTP/3 datagrams is not defined in this document. 7.2. HTTP/3 Error Code
Future extensions MAY define how to prioritize datagrams, and MAY
define signaling to allow endpoints to communicate their
prioritization preferences.
8. Security Considerations This document will request IANA to register the following entry in
the "HTTP/3 Error Codes" registry:
Since this feature requires sending an HTTP/3 Settings parameter, it Value: 0x4A1268 (note that this will switch to a lower value before
"sticks out". In other words, probing clients can learn whether a publication)
server supports this feature. Implementations that support this
feature SHOULD always send this Settings parameter to avoid leaking
the fact that there are applications using HTTP/3 datagrams enabled
on this endpoint.
9. IANA Considerations Name: H3_DATAGRAM_ERROR
9.1. HTTP/3 SETTINGS Parameter Description: Datagram or capsule protocol parse error
Status: provisional (permanent if this document is approved)
This document will request IANA to register the following entry in Specification: This Document
the "HTTP/3 Settings" registry:
+==============+==========+===============+=========+ Change Controller: IETF
| Setting Name | Value | Specification | Default |
+==============+==========+===============+=========+
| H3_DATAGRAM | 0xffd277 | This Document | 0 |
+--------------+----------+---------------+---------+
Table 1: New HTTP/3 Settings Contact: HTTP_WG; HTTP working group; ietf-http-wg@w3.org
9.2. HTTP Header Field Name 7.3. HTTP Header Field Name
This document will request IANA to register the following entry in This document will request IANA to register the following entry in
the "HTTP Field Name" registry: the "HTTP Field Name" registry:
Field Name: Sec-Use-Datagram-Contexts Field Name: Capsule-Protocol
Template: None Template: None
Status: provisional (permanent if this document is approved) Status: provisional (permanent if this document is approved)
Reference: This document Reference: This document
Comments: None Comments: None
9.3. Capsule Types 7.4. Capsule Types
This document establishes a registry for HTTP capsule type codes. This document establishes a registry for HTTP capsule type codes.
The "HTTP Capsule Types" registry governs a 62-bit space. The "HTTP Capsule Types" registry governs a 62-bit space.
Registrations in this registry MUST include the following fields: Registrations in this registry MUST include the following fields:
Type: A name or label for the capsule type. Type: A name or label for the capsule type.
Value: The value of the Capsule Type field (see Section 4.1) is a Value: The value of the Capsule Type field (see Section 4.1) is a
62-bit integer. 62-bit integer.
Reference: An optional reference to a specification for the type. Reference: An optional reference to a specification for the type.
This field MAY be empty. This field MAY be empty.
Registrations follow the "First Come First Served" policy (see Registrations follow the "First Come First Served" policy (see
Section 4.4 of [IANA-POLICY]) where two registrations MUST NOT have Section 4.4 of [IANA-POLICY]) where two registrations MUST NOT have
the same Type. the same Type.
This registry initially contains the following entries: This registry initially contains the following entry:
+===========================+==========+===============+ +==============+==========+===============+
| Capsule Type | Value | Specification | | Capsule Type | Value | Specification |
+===========================+==========+===============+ +==============+==========+===============+
| REGISTER_DATAGRAM_CONTEXT | 0xff37a1 | This Document | | DATAGRAM | 0xff37a5 | This Document |
+---------------------------+----------+---------------+ +--------------+----------+---------------+
| REGISTER_DATAGRAM | 0xff37a2 | This Document |
+---------------------------+----------+---------------+
| CLOSE_DATAGRAM_CONTEXT | 0xff37a3 | This Document |
+---------------------------+----------+---------------+
| DATAGRAM_WITH_CONTEXT | 0xff37a4 | This Document |
+---------------------------+----------+---------------+
| DATAGRAM | 0xff37a5 | This Document |
+---------------------------+----------+---------------+
Table 2: Initial Capsule Types Registry Entries Table 1: Initial Capsule Types Registry
Capsule types with a value of the form 41 * N + 23 for integer values Capsule types with a value of the form 41 * N + 23 for integer values
of N are reserved to exercise the requirement that unknown capsule of N are reserved to exercise the requirement that unknown capsule
types be ignored. These capsules have no semantics and can carry types be ignored. These capsules have no semantics and can carry
arbitrary values. These values MUST NOT be assigned by IANA and MUST arbitrary values. These values MUST NOT be assigned by IANA and MUST
NOT appear in the listing of assigned values. NOT appear in the listing of assigned values.
9.4. Datagram Format Types 8. References
This document establishes a registry for HTTP datagram format type
codes. The "HTTP Datagram Format Types" registry governs a 62-bit
space. Registrations in this registry MUST include the following
fields:
Type: A name or label for the datagram format type.
Value: The value of the Datagram Format Type field (see Section 2.2)
is a 62-bit integer.
Reference: An optional reference to a specification for the
parameter. This field MAY be empty.
Registrations follow the "First Come First Served" policy (see
Section 4.4 of [IANA-POLICY]) where two registrations MUST NOT have
the same Type nor Value.
This registry is initially empty.
Datagram format types with a value of the form 41 * N + 17 for
integer values of N are reserved to exercise the requirement that
unknown datagram format types be ignored. These format types have no
semantics and can carry arbitrary values. These values MUST NOT be
assigned by IANA and MUST NOT appear in the listing of assigned
values.
9.5. Context Close Codes
This document establishes a registry for HTTP context close codes.
The "HTTP Context Close Codes" registry governs a 62-bit space.
Registrations in this registry MUST include the following fields:
Type: A name or label for the close code.
Value: The value of the Close Code field (see Section 4.4.2) is a
62-bit integer.
Reference: An optional reference to a specification for the
parameter. This field MAY be empty.
Registrations follow the "First Come First Served" policy (see
Section 4.4 of [IANA-POLICY]) where two registrations MUST NOT have
the same Type nor Value.
This registry initially contains the following entries:
+====================+==========+===============+
| Context Close Code | Value | Specification |
+====================+==========+===============+
| NO_ERROR | 0xff78a0 | This Document |
+--------------------+----------+---------------+
| UNKNOWN_FORMAT | 0xff78a1 | This Document |
+--------------------+----------+---------------+
| DENIED | 0xff78a2 | This Document |
+--------------------+----------+---------------+
| RESOURCE_LIMIT | 0xff78a3 | This Document |
+--------------------+----------+---------------+
Table 3: Initial Context Close Code Registry
Entries
Context close codes with a value of the form 41 * N + 19 for integer
values of N are reserved to exercise the requirement that unknown
context close codes be treated as NO_ERROR. These values MUST NOT be
assigned by IANA and MUST NOT appear in the listing of assigned
values.
10. References
10.1. Normative References 8.1. Normative References
[DGRAM] Pauly, T., Kinnear, E., and D. Schinazi, "An Unreliable [DGRAM] Pauly, T., Kinnear, E., and D. Schinazi, "An Unreliable
Datagram Extension to QUIC", Work in Progress, Internet- Datagram Extension to QUIC", Work in Progress, Internet-
Draft, draft-ietf-quic-datagram-06, 5 October 2021, Draft, draft-ietf-quic-datagram-10, 4 February 2022,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-quic- <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-quic-
datagram-06>. datagram-10>.
[H1] Fielding, R. T., Nottingham, M., and J. Reschke,
"HTTP/1.1", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-
httpbis-messaging-19, 12 September 2021,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-
messaging-19>.
[H2] Thomson, M. and C. Benfield, "HTTP/2", Work in Progress,
Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-httpbis-http2bis-07, 24 January
2022, <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-
httpbis-http2bis-07>.
[H3] Bishop, M., "Hypertext Transfer Protocol Version 3 [H3] Bishop, M., "Hypertext Transfer Protocol Version 3
(HTTP/3)", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf- (HTTP/3)", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-
quic-http-34, 2 February 2021, quic-http-34, 2 February 2021,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-quic- <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-quic-
http-34>. http-34>.
[HTTP] Fielding, R. T., Nottingham, M., and J. Reschke, "HTTP
Semantics", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-
httpbis-semantics-19, 12 September 2021,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-
semantics-19>.
[IANA-POLICY] [IANA-POLICY]
Cotton, M., Leiba, B., and T. Narten, "Guidelines for Cotton, M., Leiba, B., and T. Narten, "Guidelines for
Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26,
RFC 8126, DOI 10.17487/RFC8126, June 2017, RFC 8126, DOI 10.17487/RFC8126, June 2017,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8126>. <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8126>.
[QUIC] Iyengar, J., Ed. and M. Thomson, Ed., "QUIC: A UDP-Based [QUIC] Iyengar, J., Ed. and M. Thomson, Ed., "QUIC: A UDP-Based
Multiplexed and Secure Transport", RFC 9000, Multiplexed and Secure Transport", RFC 9000,
DOI 10.17487/RFC9000, May 2021, DOI 10.17487/RFC9000, May 2021,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9000>. <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9000>.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2119>. <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2119>.
[RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC [RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174, 2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8174>. May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8174>.
[RFC8941] Nottingham, M. and P-H. Kamp, "Structured Field Values for [STRUCT-FIELD]
Nottingham, M. and P-H. Kamp, "Structured Field Values for
HTTP", RFC 8941, DOI 10.17487/RFC8941, February 2021, HTTP", RFC 8941, DOI 10.17487/RFC8941, February 2021,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8941>. <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8941>.
10.2. Informative References 8.2. Informative References
[PRIORITY] Oku, K. and L. Pardue, "Extensible Prioritization Scheme
for HTTP", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-
httpbis-priority-07, 25 October 2021,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-
priority-07>.
[RFC8899] Fairhurst, G., Jones, T., Tüxen, M., Rüngeler, I., and T. [DPLPMTUD] Fairhurst, G., Jones, T., Tüxen, M., Rüngeler, I., and T.
Völker, "Packetization Layer Path MTU Discovery for Völker, "Packetization Layer Path MTU Discovery for
Datagram Transports", RFC 8899, DOI 10.17487/RFC8899, Datagram Transports", RFC 8899, DOI 10.17487/RFC8899,
September 2020, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8899>. September 2020, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8899>.
Appendix A. Examples [PRIORITY] Oku, K. and L. Pardue, "Extensible Prioritization Scheme
for HTTP", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-
httpbis-priority-12, 17 January 2022,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-
priority-12>.
A.1. CONNECT-UDP Appendix A. Examples
In this example, the client does not support any CONNECT-UDP nor HTTP [[RFC editor: please remove this appendix before publication.]]
Datagram extensions, and therefore has no use for datagram contexts
on this stream.
A.1. CONNECT-UDP
Client Server Client Server
STREAM(44): HEADERS --------> STREAM(44): HEADERS -------->
:method = CONNECT :method = CONNECT
:protocol = connect-udp :protocol = connect-udp
:scheme = https :scheme = https
:path = /target.example.org/443/ :path = /target.example.org/443/
:authority = proxy.example.org:443 :authority = proxy.example.org:443
capsule-protocol = ?1
STREAM(44): DATA -------->
Capsule Type = REGISTER_DATAGRAM
Datagram Format Type = UDP_PAYLOAD
Datagram Format Additional Data = ""
DATAGRAM --------> DATAGRAM -------->
Quarter Stream ID = 11 Quarter Stream ID = 11
Payload = Encapsulated UDP Payload Payload = Encapsulated UDP Payload
<-------- STREAM(44): HEADERS <-------- STREAM(44): HEADERS
:status = 200 :status = 200
capsule-protocol = ?1
/* Wait for target server to respond to UDP packet. */ /* Wait for target server to respond to UDP packet. */
<-------- DATAGRAM <-------- DATAGRAM
Quarter Stream ID = 11 Quarter Stream ID = 11
Payload = Encapsulated UDP Payload Payload = Encapsulated UDP Payload
A.2. CONNECT-UDP with Delayed Timestamp Extension A.2. WebTransport
In these examples, the client supports a CONNECT-UDP Timestamp
Extension, which uses a different Datagram Format Type that carries a
timestamp followed by the encapsulated UDP payload.
A.2.1. With Delay
In this instance, the client prefers to wait a round trip to learn
whether the server supports datagram contexts.
Client Server
STREAM(44): HEADERS -------->
:method = CONNECT
:protocol = connect-udp
:scheme = https
:path = /target.example.org/443/
:authority = proxy.example.org:443
Sec-Use-Datagram-Contexts = ?1
<-------- STREAM(44): HEADERS
:status = 200
Sec-Use-Datagram-Contexts = ?1
STREAM(44): DATA -------->
Capsule Type = REGISTER_DATAGRAM_CONTEXT
Context ID = 0
Datagram Format Type = UDP_PAYLOAD
Datagram Format Additional Data = ""
DATAGRAM -------->
Quarter Stream ID = 11
Context ID = 0
Payload = Encapsulated UDP Payload
<-------- DATAGRAM
Quarter Stream ID = 11
Context ID = 0
Payload = Encapsulated UDP Payload
STREAM(44): DATA -------->
Capsule Type = REGISTER_DATAGRAM_CONTEXT
Context ID = 2
Datagram Format Type = UDP_PAYLOAD_WITH_TIMESTAMP
Datagram Format Additional Data = ""
DATAGRAM -------->
Quarter Stream ID = 11
Context ID = 2
Payload = Encapsulated UDP Payload With Timestamp
A.3. Successful Optimistic
In this instance, the client does not wish to spend a round trip
waiting to learn whether the server supports datagram contexts. It
registers its context optimistically in such a way that the server
will react well whether it supports contexts or not. In this case,
the server does support datagram contexts.
Client Server
STREAM(44): HEADERS -------->
:method = CONNECT
:protocol = connect-udp
:scheme = https
:path = /target.example.org/443/
:authority = proxy.example.org:443
Sec-Use-Datagram-Contexts = ?1
STREAM(44): DATA -------->
Capsule Type = REGISTER_DATAGRAM
Datagram Format Type = UDP_PAYLOAD
Datagram Format Additional Data = ""
STREAM(44): DATA -------->
Capsule Type = DATAGRAM
Payload = Encapsulated UDP Payload
<-------- STREAM(44): HEADERS
:status = 200
Sec-Use-Datagram-Contexts = ?1
/* Datagram contexts are in use on this stream */
<-------- DATAGRAM
Quarter Stream ID = 11
Context ID = 0
Payload = Encapsulated UDP Payload
STREAM(44): DATA -------->
Capsule Type = REGISTER_DATAGRAM_CONTEXT
Context ID = 2
Datagram Format Type = UDP_PAYLOAD_WITH_TIMESTAMP
Datagram Format Additional Data = ""
DATAGRAM -------->
Quarter Stream ID = 11
Context ID = 2
Payload = Encapsulated UDP Payload With Timestamp
A.4. Optimistic but Unsupported
In this instance, the client does not wish to spend a round trip
waiting to learn whether the server supports datagram contexts. It
registers its context optimistically in such a way that the server
will react well whether it supports contexts or not. In this case,
the server does not support datagram contexts.
Client Server
STREAM(44): HEADERS -------->
:method = CONNECT
:protocol = connect-udp
:scheme = https
:path = /target.example.org/443/
:authority = proxy.example.org:443
Sec-Use-Datagram-Contexts = ?1
STREAM(44): DATA -------->
Capsule Type = REGISTER_DATAGRAM
Datagram Format Type = UDP_PAYLOAD
Datagram Format Additional Data = ""
STREAM(44): DATA -------->
Capsule Type = DATAGRAM
Payload = Encapsulated UDP Payload
<-------- STREAM(44): HEADERS
:status = 200
/* Datagram contexts are not in use on this stream */
<-------- DATAGRAM
Quarter Stream ID = 11
Payload = Encapsulated UDP Payload
DATAGRAM -------->
Quarter Stream ID = 11
Payload = Encapsulated UDP Payload
A.5. CONNECT-IP with IP compression
Client Server
STREAM(44): HEADERS -------->
:method = CONNECT
:protocol = connect-ip
:scheme = https
:path = /
:authority = proxy.example.org:443
Sec-Use-Datagram-Contexts = ?1
<-------- STREAM(44): HEADERS
:status = 200
Sec-Use-Datagram-Contexts = ?1
/* Exchange CONNECT-IP configuration information. */
STREAM(44): DATA -------->
Capsule Type = REGISTER_DATAGRAM_CONTEXT
Context ID = 0
Datagram Format Type = IP_PACKET
Datagram Format Additional Data = ""
DATAGRAM -------->
Quarter Stream ID = 11
Context ID = 0
Payload = Encapsulated IP Packet
/* Endpoint happily exchange encapsulated IP packets */
/* using Quarter Stream ID 11 and Context ID 0. */
DATAGRAM -------->
Quarter Stream ID = 11
Context ID = 0
Payload = Encapsulated IP Packet
/* After performing some analysis on traffic patterns, */
/* the client decides it wants to compress a 2-tuple. */
STREAM(44): DATA -------->
Capsule Type = REGISTER_DATAGRAM_CONTEXT
Context ID = 2
Datagram Format Type = COMPRESSED_IP_PACKET
Datagram Format Additional Data = "192.0.2.6,192.0.2.7"
DATAGRAM -------->
Quarter Stream ID = 11
Context ID = 2
Payload = Compressed IP Packet
A.6. WebTransport
Client Server Client Server
STREAM(44): HEADERS --------> STREAM(44): HEADERS -------->
:method = CONNECT :method = CONNECT
:scheme = https :scheme = https
:method = webtransport :protocol = webtransport
:path = /hello :path = /hello
:authority = webtransport.example.org:443 :authority = webtransport.example.org:443
Origin = https://www.example.org:443 origin = https://www.example.org:443
STREAM(44): DATA -------->
Capsule Type = REGISTER_DATAGRAM
Datagram Format Type = WEBTRANSPORT_DATAGRAM
Datagram Format Additional Data = ""
<-------- STREAM(44): HEADERS <-------- STREAM(44): HEADERS
:status = 200 :status = 200
/* Both endpoints can now send WebTransport datagrams. */ /* Both endpoints can now send WebTransport datagrams. */
Acknowledgments Acknowledgments
The DATAGRAM context identifier was previously part of the DATAGRAM Portions of this document were previously part of the QUIC DATAGRAM
frame definition itself, the authors would like to acknowledge the frame definition itself, the authors would like to acknowledge the
authors of that document and the members of the IETF MASQUE working authors of that document and the members of the IETF MASQUE working
group for their suggestions. Additionally, the authors would like to group for their suggestions. Additionally, the authors would like to
thank Martin Thomson for suggesting the use of an HTTP/3 SETTINGS thank Martin Thomson for suggesting the use of an HTTP/3 SETTINGS
parameter. Furthermore, the authors would like to thank Ben Schwartz parameter. Furthermore, the authors would like to thank Ben Schwartz
for writing the first proposal that used two layers of indirection. for writing the first proposal that used two layers of indirection.
The final design in this document came out of the HTTP Datagrams
Design Team, whose members were Alan Frindell, Alex Chernyakhovsky,
Ben Schwartz, Eric Rescorla, Marcus Ihlar, Martin Thomson, Mike
Bishop, Tommy Pauly, Victor Vasiliev, and the authors of this
document.
Authors' Addresses Authors' Addresses
David Schinazi David Schinazi
Google LLC Google LLC
1600 Amphitheatre Parkway 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway
Mountain View, California 94043, Mountain View, California 94043,
United States of America United States of America
Email: dschinazi.ietf@gmail.com Email: dschinazi.ietf@gmail.com
Lucas Pardue Lucas Pardue
Cloudflare Cloudflare
Email: lucaspardue.24.7@gmail.com Email: lucaspardue.24.7@gmail.com
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