< draft-ietf-modern-problem-framework-00.txt   draft-ietf-modern-problem-framework-01.txt >
Network Working Group J. Peterson Network Working Group J. Peterson
Internet-Draft T. McGarry Internet-Draft T. McGarry
Intended status: Informational NeuStar, Inc. Intended status: Informational NeuStar, Inc.
Expires: October 23, 2016 April 21, 2016 Expires: January 8, 2017 July 7, 2016
Modern Problem Statement, Use Cases, and Framework Modern Problem Statement, Use Cases, and Framework
draft-ietf-modern-problem-framework-00.txt draft-ietf-modern-problem-framework-01.txt
Abstract Abstract
The functions of the public switched telephone network (PSTN) are The functions of the public switched telephone network (PSTN) are
rapidly migrating to the Internet. This is generating new rapidly migrating to the Internet. This is generating new
requirements for many traditional elements of the PSTN, including requirements for many traditional elements of the PSTN, including
telephone numbers (TNs). TNs no longer serve simply as telephone telephone numbers (TNs). TNs no longer serve simply as telephone
routing addresses, they are now identifiers which may be used by routing addresses, they are now identifiers which may be used by
Internet-based services for a variety of purposes including session Internet-based services for a variety of purposes including session
establishment, identity verification, and service enablement. This establishment, identity verification, and service enablement. This
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Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on October 23, 2016. This Internet-Draft will expire on January 8, 2017.
Copyright Notice Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2016 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the Copyright (c) 2016 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved. document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
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publication of this document. Please review these documents publication of this document. Please review these documents
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was envisioned that ENUM would be deployed as a global hierarchical was envisioned that ENUM would be deployed as a global hierarchical
service, though in practice, it has only been deployed piecemeal by service, though in practice, it has only been deployed piecemeal by
various parties. Most notably, ENUM is used as an internal network various parties. Most notably, ENUM is used as an internal network
function, and is hardly used between service provider networks. The function, and is hardly used between service provider networks. The
original ENUM concept of a single root, e164.arpa, proved to be original ENUM concept of a single root, e164.arpa, proved to be
politically and practically challenging, and less centralized models politically and practically challenging, and less centralized models
have thus flourished. Subsequently, the DRINKS [4] framework showed have thus flourished. Subsequently, the DRINKS [4] framework showed
ways that authorities might provision information about TNs at an ways that authorities might provision information about TNs at an
ENUM service or similar Internet-based directory. These technologies ENUM service or similar Internet-based directory. These technologies
have also generally tried to preserve the features and architecture have also generally tried to preserve the features and architecture
familiar from the PSTN numbering environment. familiar to the PSTN numbering environment.
Over time, Internet telephony has encompassed functions that differ Over time, Internet telephony has encompassed functions that differ
substantially from traditional PSTN routing and management, substantially from traditional PSTN routing and management,
especially as non-traditional providers have begun to utilize especially as non-traditional providers have begun to utilize
numbering resources. An increasing number of enterprises, over-the- numbering resources. An increasing number of enterprises, over-the-
top Voice over IP providers, text messaging services, and related top Voice over IP providers, text messaging services, and related
non-carrier services have become heavy users of telephone numbers. non-carrier services have become heavy users of telephone numbers.
An enterprise, for example, could deploy an IP PBX that receives a An enterprise, for example, could deploy an IP PBX that receives a
block of telephone numbers from a carrier and then in turn distribute block of telephone numbers from a carrier and then in turn distribute
those numbers to new IP telephones when they associate with the PBX. those numbers to new IP telephones when they associate with the PBX.
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users now associate TNs with many Internet applications other than users now associate TNs with many Internet applications other than
telephony. This has generated new interest in models similar to telephony. This has generated new interest in models similar to
those in place for administering freephone services in the United those in place for administering freephone services in the United
States, where a user purchases a number through a sort of number States, where a user purchases a number through a sort of number
registrar and controls its administration (such as routing) on their registrar and controls its administration (such as routing) on their
own, typically using Internet services to directly make changes to own, typically using Internet services to directly make changes to
the service associated with telephone numbers. the service associated with telephone numbers.
Most TNs today are assigned to specific geographies, at both an Most TNs today are assigned to specific geographies, at both an
international level and within national numbering plans. Numbering international level and within national numbering plans. Numbering
practices today are tightly coupled with the manenr that service practices today are tightly coupled with the manner that service
providers interconnect, as well as how TNs are routed and providers interconnect, as well as how TNs are routed and
administered: the PSTN was carefully designed to delegate switching administered: the PSTN was carefully designed to delegate switching
intelligence geographically. In interexchange carrier routing in intelligence geographically. In interexchange carrier routing in
North America, for example, calls to a particular TN are often handed North America, for example, calls to a particular TN are often handed
off to the terminating service provider close to the geography where off to the terminating service provider close to the geography where
that TN is assigned. But the overwhelming success of mobile that TN is assigned. But the overwhelming success of mobile
telephones has increasing eroded the connection between numbers and telephones has increasing eroded the connection between numbers and
regions. Furthermore, the topology of IP networks is not anchored to regions. Furthermore, the topology of IP networks is not anchored to
geography in the same way that the telephone network is. In an geography in the same way that the telephone network is. In an
Internet environment, establishing a network architecture for routing Internet environment, establishing a network architecture for routing
TNs could depend little on geography. Adapting TNs to the Internet TNs could depend little on geography. Adapting TNs to the Internet
requires more security, richer datasets and more complex query and requires more security, richer datasets and more complex query and
response capabilities than previous efforts have provided. response capabilities than previous efforts have provided.
This document will create a common understanding of the problem This document will create a common understanding of the problem
statement related to allocating, managing, and resolving TNs in an IP statement related to allocating, managing, and resolving TNs in an IP
environment. It outlines a framework and lists motivating use cases environment. It outlines a framework and lists motivating use cases
for creating IP-based mechanisms for TNs. It is important to for creating IP-based mechanisms for TNs. It is important to
acknowledge at the outset that there are various evolvling acknowledge at the outset that there are various evolving
international and national policies and processes related to TNs, and international and national policies and processes related to TNs, and
any solutions need to be flexible enough to account for variations in any solutions need to be flexible enough to account for variations in
policy and requirements. policy and requirements.
2. Definitions 2. Definitions
This section provides definitions for actors, data types and data This section provides definitions for actors, data types and data
management architectures as they are discussed in this document. management architectures as they are discussed in this document.
Different numbering spaces may instantiate these roles and concepts Different numbering spaces may instantiate these roles and concepts
differently: practices that apply to non-geographic freephone differently: practices that apply to non-geographic freephone
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Authoritative Registry: An authoritative Registry is a single entity Authoritative Registry: An authoritative Registry is a single entity
with sole responsibility for specific numbering resources. with sole responsibility for specific numbering resources.
Distributed Registry: Distributed Registries are multiple Registries Distributed Registry: Distributed Registries are multiple Registries
responsible for the same numbering resources. responsible for the same numbering resources.
Registrar: An entity that distributes the telephone numbers Registrar: An entity that distributes the telephone numbers
administered by a Registry; typically, there are many Registrars administered by a Registry; typically, there are many Registrars
that can distribute numbers from a single Registry, through that can distribute numbers from a single Registry, through
Registrars may serve multiple Registries as well. A Registrar has Registrars may serve multiple Registries as well. A Registrar has
business relationships with its assginees and collects business relationships with its assignees and collects
administrative information from them. administrative information from them.
Communication Service Provider (CSP): A provider of communications Communication Service Provider (CSP): A provider of communications
services to Users, where those services can be identified by TNs. services, where those services can be identified by TNs. This
This includes both traditional telephone carriers or enterprises includes both traditional telephone carriers or enterprises as
as well as service providers with no presence on the PSTN who use well as service providers with no presence on the PSTN who use
TNs. This framework does not assume that any single CSP provides TNs. This framework does not assume that any single CSP provides
all the communications service related to a particular TN. all the communications service related to a particular TN.
Service Enabler: An entity that works with CSPs to enable Service Enabler: An entity that works with CSPs to enable
communication service to a User; perhaps a vendor, or third-party communication service to a User; perhaps a vendor, or third-party
integrator. integrator.
User: An individual reachable through a communications service; User: An individual reachable through a communications service;
usually a customer of a communication service provider. usually a customer of a communication service provider.
Government Entity: An entity that, due to legal powers deriving from Government Entity: An entity that, due to legal powers deriving from
national policy, has privileged access to information about number national policy, has privileged access to information about number
administration under certain conditions. administration under certain conditions.
Note that an individual, company or other entity may act in one or Note that an individual, company or other entity may act in one or
more of the roles above; for example, a company may be a CSP and also more of the roles above; for example, a company may be a CSP and also
a Registrar. Although Numbering Authorities are listed as actors, a Registrar. Although Numbering Authorities are listed as actors,
they are unlikely to actually participate in the protocol flows they are unlikely to actually participate in the protocol flows
themselves, though in some situations a Numbering Authority and themselves, though in some situations a Numbering Authority and
Registry may be the same administrative entitiy. Registry may be the same administrative entity.
All actors that are recipients of numbering resources, be they a CSP, All actors that are recipients of numbering resources, be they a CSP,
Service Enabler, or User, can also be said to have a relationship to Service Enabler, or User, can also be said to have a relationship to
a Registry of either an assignee or delegate: a Registry of either an assignee or delegate:
Assignee: An actor that is assigned a TN directly by a Registrar; an Assignee: An actor that is assigned a TN directly by a Registrar; an
assignee always has a direct relationship with a Registrar. assignee always has a direct relationship with a Registrar.
Delegate: An actor that is delegated a TN from an assignee or Delegate: An actor that is delegated a TN from an assignee or
another delegate, who does not necessarily have a direct another delegate, who does not necessarily have a direct
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manages detailed administrative data about those assignments, such as manages detailed administrative data about those assignments, such as
contact or billing information for the assignee. In some models, contact or billing information for the assignee. In some models,
CSPs and Registrars will be composed (the same administrative CSPs and Registrars will be composed (the same administrative
entity), and in others the Registry and Registrar may similarly be entity), and in others the Registry and Registrar may similarly be
composed. Typically, service data resides largely at the CSP itself, composed. Typically, service data resides largely at the CSP itself,
though in some models a "thicker" Registry may itself contain a though in some models a "thicker" Registry may itself contain a
pointer to the servicing CSP for a number or number block. In pointer to the servicing CSP for a number or number block. In
addition to traditional centralized Registries, this framework also addition to traditional centralized Registries, this framework also
supports environments where the same data is being managed by supports environments where the same data is being managed by
multiple administrative entities, and stored in many locations. A multiple administrative entities, and stored in many locations. A
distribute registry system is discussed further in [15]. distribute registry system is discussed further in [16].
Data store: a service that stores and enables access to Data store: a service that stores and enables access to
administrative and/or service data. administrative and/or service data.
Reference Address: a URL that dereferences to the location of the Reference Address: a URL that dereferences to the location of the
data store. data store.
Distributed data stores: refers to administrative or service data Distributed data stores: refers to administrative or service data
being stored with multiple actors. For example, CSPs could being stored with multiple actors. For example, CSPs could
provision their service data to multiple other CSPs. provision their service data to multiple other CSPs.
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3. Framework 3. Framework
The framework outlined in this document requires three Internet-based The framework outlined in this document requires three Internet-based
mechanisms for managing and resolving telephone numbers (TNs) in an mechanisms for managing and resolving telephone numbers (TNs) in an
IP environment. These mechanisms will likely reuse existing IP environment. These mechanisms will likely reuse existing
protocols for sharing structured data; it is unlikely that new protocols for sharing structured data; it is unlikely that new
protocol development work will be required, though new information protocol development work will be required, though new information
models specific to the data itself will be a major focus of framework models specific to the data itself will be a major focus of framework
development. Likely candidates for reuse here include work done in development. Likely candidates for reuse here include work done in
DRINKS and WEIRDS, as well as the TeRI [12] framework. DRINKS [4] and WEIRDS [12], as well as the TeRI [13] framework.
These protocol mechanisms are scoped in a way that makes them likely These protocol mechanisms are scoped in a way that makes them likely
to apply to a broad range of future policies for number to apply to a broad range of future policies for number
administration. It is not the purpose of this framework to dictate administration. It is not the purpose of this framework to dictate
number policy, but instead to provide tools that will work with number policy, but instead to provide tools that will work with
policies as they evolve going forward. These mechanisms therefore do policies as they evolve going forward. These mechanisms therefore do
not assume that number administration is centralized, nor that number not assume that number administration is centralized, nor that number
allocations are restricted to any category of service providers, allocations are restricted to any category of service providers,
though these tools must and will work in environments with those though these tools must and will work in environments with those
properties. properties.
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Registrar to hold as inventory or assign to customers. Registrar to hold as inventory or assign to customers.
Through some out-of-band business process, a CSP develops a Through some out-of-band business process, a CSP develops a
relationship with a Registrar. The Registrar maintains a profile of relationship with a Registrar. The Registrar maintains a profile of
the CSP and what qualifications they possess for requesting TNs. The the CSP and what qualifications they possess for requesting TNs. The
CSP may then request TNs from within a specific pool of numbers in CSP may then request TNs from within a specific pool of numbers in
the authority of the Registry; such as region, mobile, wireline, the authority of the Registry; such as region, mobile, wireline,
tollfree, etc. The Registrar must authenticate and authorize the tollfree, etc. The Registrar must authenticate and authorize the
CSP, and then either grant or deny a request. When an assignment CSP, and then either grant or deny a request. When an assignment
occurs, the Registry creates and stores administrative information occurs, the Registry creates and stores administrative information
related to the assignment such as TN status and contact information, related to the assignment such as TN status and Registrar contact
and removes the specific TN(s) from the pool of those that are information, and removes the specific TN(s) from the pool of those
available for assignment. As a part of the acqusition and assignment that are available for assignment. As a part of the acquisition and
process, the Registry provides any necessary credentials (for assignment process, the Registry provides any necessary credentials
example, STIR certificates [13]) to the CSP to be used to prove the (for example, STIR certificates [14]) to the Registrar to be used to
assignment for future transactions. prove the assignment for future transactions.
Before it is eligible to receive TN assignments, per the policy of a Before it is eligible to receive TN assignments, per the policy of a
national authority, the CSP may need to have submitted (again, national authority, the CSP may need to have submitted (again,
through some out-of-band process) additional qualifying information through some out-of-band process) additional qualifying information
such as current utilization rate or a demand forecast. such as current utilization rate or a demand forecast.
There are two scenarios under which a CSP requests resources; they There are two scenarios under which a CSP requests resources; they
are requesting inventory, or they are requesting for a specific User are requesting inventory, or they are requesting for a specific User
or delegate. TNs assigned to a User are always considered assigned or delegate. TNs assigned to a User are always considered assigned,
by the Registrar, not inventory. In this use case, after receiving a not inventory. The CSP will associate service information for that
number assignment from the Registrar, a User will then obtain TN, e.g., service address, and make it available to other CSPs to
communications service from a CSP, and provide to the CSP the TN to enable interoperability. The CSP may need to update the Registrar
be used for that service along with the credential. The CSP will regarding this service activation (this is part of the "TN status"
associate service information for that TN, e.g., service address, and maintained by the Registrar).
make it available to other CSPs to enable interoperability. The CSP
may need to update the Registrar regarding this service activation
(this is part of the "TN status" maintained by the Registrar).
4.1.2. User Acquires TNs from CSP 4.1.2. User Acquires TNs from CSP
Today, a User typically acquires a TN from CSP when signing up for Today, a User typically acquires a TN from CSP when signing up for
communications service or turning on a new device. In this use case, communications service or turning on a new device. In this use case,
the User becomes the delegate of the CSP. the User becomes the delegate of the CSP.
A User creates or has a relationship with the CSP, and subscribes to A User creates or has a relationship with the CSP, and subscribes to
a communications service which includes the use of a TN. The CSP a communications service which includes the use of a TN. The CSP
collects and stores administrative data about the User. The CSP then collects and stores administrative data about the User. The CSP then
activates the User on their network and creates any necessary service activates the User on their network and creates any necessary service
data to enable interoperability with other CSPs. The CSP could also data to enable interoperability with other CSPs. The CSP could also
update public or privileged databases accessible by other Actors. update public or privileged databases accessible by other Actors.
The CSP provides any necessary credentials to the User (for example, The CSP provides any necessary credentials to the User (for example,
a STIR certificate [13]) to prove the assignment for future a STIR certificate [14]) to prove the assignment for future
transactions. Such credential could be delegated from the one transactions. Such credential could be delegated from the one
provided by the Registrar to the CSP to continue the chain of provided by the Registrar to the CSP to continue the chain of
assignment. assignment.
The CSP could assign a TN from its existing inventory or it could The CSP could assign a TN from its existing inventory or it could
acquire a new TN from the Registrar as part of the assignment acquire a new TN from the Registrar as part of the assignment
process. If it assigns it from its existing inventory it would process. If it assigns it from its existing inventory it would
remove the specific TN from the pool of those available for remove the specific TN from the pool of those available for
assignment. It may also update the Registrar about the assignment so assignment. It may also update the Registrar about the assignment so
the Registrar has current assignment data. the Registrar has current assignment data.
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A reseller or a service bureau might acquire a block of numbers from A reseller or a service bureau might acquire a block of numbers from
a CSP to be issued to Users. a CSP to be issued to Users.
In this case, the delegate CSP has a business relationship with the In this case, the delegate CSP has a business relationship with the
assignee CSP. The assignee CSP collects and stores administrative assignee CSP. The assignee CSP collects and stores administrative
data about the delegate. The assignee then activates the delegate on data about the delegate. The assignee then activates the delegate on
their network and creates any necessary service data to enable their network and creates any necessary service data to enable
interoperability with other CSPs. The CSP could also update public interoperability with other CSPs. The CSP could also update public
or privileged databases accessible by other Actors. The CSP provides or privileged databases accessible by other Actors. The CSP provides
any necessary credentials to the delegate CSP (for example, a STIR any necessary credentials to the delegate CSP (for example, a STIR
certificate [13]) to prove the assignment for future transactions. certificate [14]) to prove the assignment for future transactions.
Such credentials could be delegated from the one provided by the Such credentials could be delegated from the one provided by the
Registry to the CSP to continue the chain of assignment. Registry to the CSP to continue the chain of assignment.
The CSP could assign a block from its existing inventory or it could The CSP could assign a block from its existing inventory or it could
acquire new TNs from the Registrar as part of the assignment process. acquire new TNs from the Registrar as part of the assignment process.
If it assigns it from its existing inventory it would remove the If it assigns it from its existing inventory it would remove the
specific TN from the pool of those available for assignment. It may specific TN from the pool of those available for assignment. It may
also update the Registrar about the assignment so the Registrar has also update the Registrar about the assignment so the Registrar has
current assignment data. The Delegate may need to provide current assignment data. The Delegate may need to provide
utilization and assignment data to the Registry, either directly or utilization and assignment data to the Registry, either directly or
through the CSP. through the CSP.
4.1.4. User Acquires TNs from a Delegate 4.1.4. User Acquires TNs from a Delegate
Aquiring a TN from a delegate follows the process in Section 4.1.2, Acquiring a TN from a delegate follows the process in Section 4.1.2,
as it should be similar to how a User acquires TNs from a CSP. In as it should be similar to how a User acquires TNs from a CSP. In
this case, the delegate re-delegating the TNs would be performing this case, the delegate re-delegating the TNs would be performing
functions done by the CSP, e.g., providing any credentials, functions done by the CSP, e.g., providing any credentials,
collecting administrative data, creative service data, and so on. collecting administrative data, creative service data, and so on.
4.1.5. User Acquires Numbers from Registrar 4.1.5. User Acquires Numbers from Registrar
Today, a user wishing to acquire a freephone number may browse the Today, a user wishing to acquire a freephone number may browse the
existing inventory through one or more Registrars, comparing their existing inventory through one or more Registrars, comparing their
prices and services. Each such Registrar either is a CSP, or has a prices and services. Each such Registrar either is a CSP, or has a
business relationship wtih a CSP to provide services for that business relationship with a CSP to provide services for that
freephone number. freephone number.
Acquiring a TN from a Registrar follows the process in Section 4.1.1, Acquiring a TN from a Registrar follows the process in Section 4.1.1,
as it should be similar to how a CSP acquires TNs from a Registrar. as it should be similar to how a CSP acquires TNs from a Registrar.
In this case, the User must establish some business relationship In this case, the User must establish some business relationship
directly to a Registrar, similarly to how such functions are directly to a Registrar, similarly to how such functions are
conducted today when Users purchase domain names. For the purpose of conducted today when Users purchase domain names. For the purpose of
status information kept by the Registry, TNs assigned to a User are status information kept by the Registry, TNs assigned to a User are
always considered assigned, not inventory. always considered assigned, not inventory.
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In a distributed Registry model, TN status, e.g., allocated, In a distributed Registry model, TN status, e.g., allocated,
assigned, available, unavailable, would need to be provided to other assigned, available, unavailable, would need to be provided to other
Registries in real-time. Other administrative data could be sent to Registries in real-time. Other administrative data could be sent to
all Registries or other Registries could get a reference address to all Registries or other Registries could get a reference address to
the host Registry's data store. the host Registry's data store.
4.2.1.2. User to CSP 4.2.1.2. User to CSP
After a User acquires a TN or block of TNs from a CSP, the User will After a User acquires a TN or block of TNs from a CSP, the User will
provide administrative data to the CSP. The CSP commonly acts as a provide administrative data to the CSP. The CSP commonly acts as a
Regisrar in this case, maintaining the administrative data and only Registrar in this case, maintaining the administrative data and only
notify the Registry of the change in TN status. In this case, the notify the Registry of the change in TN status. In this case, the
Registry maintains a reference address to the CSP/Registrar's Registry maintains a reference address to the CSP/Registrar's
administrative data store so relevant actors have the ability to administrative data store so relevant actors have the ability to
access the data. Alternatively a CSP could send the administrative access the data. Alternatively a CSP could send the administrative
data to an external Registrar to store. If there is a delegate data to an external Registrar to store. If there is a delegate
between the CSP and user, they will have to ensure there is a between the CSP and user, they will have to ensure there is a
mechanism for the delegate to update the CSP as change occurs. mechanism for the delegate to update the CSP as change occurs.
4.2.1.3. User to Registrar 4.2.1.3. User to Registrar
If the User has a direct relationship with the Registrar, then If the User has a direct relationship with the Registrar, then
naturally the user could could provision administrative data naturally the user could provision administrative data associated
associated with their TN directly to the Registrar. This is the with their TN directly to the Registrar. This is the case, for
case, for example, with the freephone example, where a User has a example, with the freephone example, where a User has a business
business relationship with its freephone provider, and the freephone relationship with its freephone provider, and the freephone provider
provider maintains account and billing data. While delegates maintains account and billing data. While delegates necessarily are
necessarily are not assignees, some environments as an optimization not assignees, some environments as an optimization might want to
might want to support a model where the delegate updates the support a model where the delegate updates the Registrar directly on
Registrar directly on changes, as opposed to sending that data to the changes, as opposed to sending that data to the CSP or through the
CSP or through the CSP to the Registrar. As stated already, the CSP to the Registrar. As stated already, the protocol should enable
protocol should enable Users to acquire TNs directly from a Users to acquire TNs directly from a Registrar, which Registrar may
Registrar, which Registrar may or may not also act as a CSP. In or may not also act as a CSP. In these cases the updates would be
these cases the updates would be similar to that described in similar to that described in Section 4.2.1.1.
Section 4.2.1.1.
4.2.2. Management of Service Data 4.2.2. Management of Service Data
Service data is data required by an originating or intermediate CSP Service data is data required by an originating or intermediate CSP
to enable communications service to a User: a SIP URI is an example to enable communications service to a User: a SIP URI is an example
of one service data element commonly used to route communications. of one service data element commonly used to route communications.
CSPs typically create and manage service data, however it is possible CSPs typically create and manage service data, however it is possible
that delegates and Users could as well. For most use cases involving that delegates and Users could as well. For most use cases involving
individual Users, it is anticipated that lower-level service individual Users, it is anticipated that lower-level service
information changes would be communicated to CSPs via existing information changes would be communicated to CSPs via existing
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TN from the CSP, wishes to terminate their service. At this time, TN from the CSP, wishes to terminate their service. At this time,
the CSP will undo any delegations to the User, including invalidating the CSP will undo any delegations to the User, including invalidating
any cryptographic credentials (e.g. STIR certificates [13]) any cryptographic credentials (e.g. STIR certificates [13])
previously granted to the User. Any service data maintained by the previously granted to the User. Any service data maintained by the
CSP must be removed, and similarly, the CSP must delete any such CSP must be removed, and similarly, the CSP must delete any such
information it provisioned in the Registrar. information it provisioned in the Registrar.
The TN will change state from assigned to unassigned, the CSP will The TN will change state from assigned to unassigned, the CSP will
update the Registry. Depending on policies the TN could go back into update the Registry. Depending on policies the TN could go back into
the Registry, CSP, or delegate's pool of available TNs and would the Registry, CSP, or delegate's pool of available TNs and would
likely enter an aging process. likely enter an ageing process.
In an alternative use case, a User who received their own TN In an alternative use case, a User who received their own TN
assignment directly from a Registrar terminates their service with a assignment directly from a Registrar terminates their service with a
CSP. At this time, the User might terminate their assignment from CSP. At this time, the User might terminate their assignment from
the Registrar, and return the TN to the Registry for re-assignment. the Registrar, and return the TN to the Registry for re-assignment.
Alternatively, they could retain the TN and elect to assign it to Alternatively, they could retain the TN and elect to assign it to
some other service at a later time. some other service at a later time.
4.3. Retrieval 4.3. Retrieval
skipping to change at page 18, line 9 skipping to change at page 18, line 9
below. below.
Public data can simply be posted on websites or made available Public data can simply be posted on websites or made available
through a publicly available API. Public data hosted by a CSP may through a publicly available API. Public data hosted by a CSP may
have a reference address at the Registry. have a reference address at the Registry.
4.3.2. Retrieval of Semi-restricted Administrative Data 4.3.2. Retrieval of Semi-restricted Administrative Data
A CSP is having service problems completing calls to a specific TN, A CSP is having service problems completing calls to a specific TN,
so it wants to contact the CSP serving that TN. The Registry so it wants to contact the CSP serving that TN. The Registry
authorizes the originating CSP to access to this information. It authorizes the originating CSP to access this information. It
initiates a query to the Registry, the Registry verifies the initiates a query to the Registry, the Registry verifies the
requestor and the requested data and Registry responds with the requestor and the requested data and Registry responds with the
serving CSP and contact data. serving CSP and contact data.
Alternatively that information could be part of a distributed data Alternatively that information could be part of a distributed data
store and not stored at the Registry. In that case, the CSP has the store and not stored at the Registry. In that case, the CSP has the
data in a local distributed data store and it initiates the query to data in a local distributed data store and it initiates the query to
the local data store. The local data store responds with the CSP and the local data store. The local data store responds with the CSP and
contact data. No verification is necessary because it was done when contact data. No verification is necessary because it was done when
the CSP was authorized to receive the data store. the CSP was authorized to receive the data store.
skipping to change at page 21, line 34 skipping to change at page 21, line 34
[10] Rosenberg, J. and C. Jennings, "The Session Initiation [10] Rosenberg, J. and C. Jennings, "The Session Initiation
Protocol (SIP) and Spam", RFC 5039, DOI 10.17487/RFC5039, Protocol (SIP) and Spam", RFC 5039, DOI 10.17487/RFC5039,
January 2008, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5039>. January 2008, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5039>.
[11] Peterson, J., Jennings, C., and R. Sparks, "Change Process [11] Peterson, J., Jennings, C., and R. Sparks, "Change Process
for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and the Real- for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and the Real-
time Applications and Infrastructure Area", BCP 67, time Applications and Infrastructure Area", BCP 67,
RFC 5727, DOI 10.17487/RFC5727, March 2010, RFC 5727, DOI 10.17487/RFC5727, March 2010,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5727>. <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5727>.
[12] Peterson, J., "A Framework and Information Model for [12] Newton, A. and S. Hollenbeck, "Registration Data Access
Protocol (RDAP) Query Format", RFC 7482,
DOI 10.17487/RFC7482, March 2015,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7482>.
[13] Peterson, J., "A Framework and Information Model for
Telephone-Related Information (TeRI)", draft-peterson- Telephone-Related Information (TeRI)", draft-peterson-
modern-teri-00 (work in progress), October 2015. modern-teri-00 (work in progress), October 2015.
[13] Peterson, J., "Secure Telephone Identity Credentials: [14] Peterson, J. and S. Turner, "Secure Telephone Identity
Certificates", draft-ietf-stir-certificates-03 (work in Credentials: Certificates", draft-ietf-stir-
progress), March 2016. certificates-06 (work in progress), July 2016.
[14] Barnes, M., Jennings, C., Rosenberg, J., and M. Petit- [15] Barnes, M., Jennings, C., Rosenberg, J., and M. Petit-
Huguenin, "Verification Involving PSTN Reachability: Huguenin, "Verification Involving PSTN Reachability:
Requirements and Architecture Overview", draft-jennings- Requirements and Architecture Overview", draft-jennings-
vipr-overview-06 (work in progress), December 2013. vipr-overview-06 (work in progress), December 2013.
[15] Bellur, H. and C. Wendt, "Distributed Registry Protocol", [16] Bellur, H. and C. Wendt, "Distributed Registry Protocol",
draft-wendt-modern-drip-00 (work in progress), October draft-wendt-modern-drip-00 (work in progress), October
2015. 2015.
[16] Rosenberg, J. and H. Schulzrinne, "Session Initiation [17] Rosenberg, J. and H. Schulzrinne, "Session Initiation
Protocol (SIP): Locating SIP Servers", RFC 3263, Protocol (SIP): Locating SIP Servers", RFC 3263,
DOI 10.17487/RFC3263, June 2002, DOI 10.17487/RFC3263, June 2002,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3263>. <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3263>.
Authors' Addresses Authors' Addresses
Jon Peterson Jon Peterson
Neustar, Inc. Neustar, Inc.
1800 Sutter St Suite 570 1800 Sutter St Suite 570
Concord, CA 94520 Concord, CA 94520
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