< draft-so-network-aware-application-problem-01.txt   draft-so-network-aware-application-problem-02.txt >
Network Working Group Ning So (UTD) Network Working Group Ning So (UTD)
Internet Draft Young Lee (Huawei) Internet Draft Young Lee (Huawei)
Intended status: Informational Dave McDysan (Verizon) Intended status: Informational Dave McDysan (Verizon)
Greg Bernstein (Grotto) Greg Bernstein (Grotto)
Tae Yeon Kim (ETRI) Tae Yeon Kim (ETRI)
Kohei Shiomoto (NTT) Kohei Shiomoto (NTT)
Oscar Gonzalez de Dios (Telefonica) Oscar Gonzalez de Dios (Telefonica)
October 21, 2010 April 20, 2011
Problem Statement for Network Aware Application Resource Assignment Problem Statement for Network Aware Application Resource Assignment
and Mobility (NA-ARAM) in Data Center Environments and Mobility (NA-ARAM) in Data Center Environments
draft-so-network-aware-application-problem-01.txt draft-so-network-aware-application-problem-02.txt
Status of this Memo Status of this Memo
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Abstract Abstract
Data Centers offer various application services to end-users such as Data Centers offer various application services to end-users such as
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and the application resources conditions. and the application resources conditions.
Currently such decisions are made with very little or no information Currently such decisions are made with very little or no information
concerning the underlying network used to deliver those services. concerning the underlying network used to deliver those services.
Hence such decisions are inherently sub-optimal. In addition the lack Hence such decisions are inherently sub-optimal. In addition the lack
of network awareness may result in not meeting the end-user of network awareness may result in not meeting the end-user
application service objectives. application service objectives.
Table of Contents Table of Contents
1. Introduction..................................................3 1. Introduction........................................ 3
1.1. Terminology...............................................3 1.1. Terminology..................................... 3
2. Network and Application Contexts...............................4 2. Network and Application Contexts........................ 4
2.1. Server level load condition...............................6 2.1. Server level load condition........................ 6
2.2. Intra-DC network condition................................6 2.2. Intra-DC network condition......................... 6
2.3. Carrier MAN/WAN network condition (the networks that connect 2.3. Carrier MAN/WAN network condition (the networks that connect
the data centers and connect end users to the data centers)....6 the data centers and connect end users to the data centers).. 6
2.4. User condition............................................7 2.4. User condition................................... 7
3. Problem Statement..............................................7 3. Problem Statement .................................... 7
4. High-level requirements........................................8 4. High-level requirements................................ 8
4.1. End-User to Application/DC Provider Communication.........9 4.1. End-User to Application/DC Provider Communication...... 9
4.2. Inter DC communication....................................9 4.2. Inter DC communication............................ 9
4.3. Data Center-Network Stratum Communication (NS Query)......9 4.3. Data Center-Network Stratum Communication (NS Query).... 9
4.3.1. Application Profile.................................10 4.3.1. Application Profile.......................... 10
4.3.2. Network Load Data to be queried.....................10 4.3.2. Network Load Data to be queried................ 10
4.3.3. Responses to NS Query from network to application...11 4.3.3. Responses to NS Query from network to application. 11
5. Security Considerations.......................................11 5. Security Considerations............................... 11
6. IANA Considerations...........................................11 6. IANA Considerations.................................. 11
7. References....................................................11 7. References......................................... 11
7.1. Informative References...................................11 7.1. Informative References........................... 11
Author's Addresses...............................................13 Author's Addresses..................................... 13
Internet-Draft Network Aware Application Resource Assignment & Mobility Internet-Draft Network Aware Application Resource Assignment & Mobility
October 2010 Intellectual Property Statement .......................... 13
Disclaimer of Validity.................................. 14
Intellectual Property Statement..................................13
Disclaimer of Validity...........................................14
1. Introduction 1. Introduction
Data Centers offer application services to end-users such as video Data Centers offer application services to end-users such as video
gaming [WoWAct], [WoWHrs], [GameServ] and [GroupGame], cloud gaming [WoWAct], [WoWHrs], [GameServ] and [GroupGame], cloud
computing [CostCloud], grid application [GFD-122] and others. Many computing [CostCloud], grid application [GFD-122] and others. Many
application services offered by Data Center to end-users make application services offered by Data Center to end-users make
significant use of the underlying networks resources in the form of significant use of the underlying networks resources in the form of
bandwidth consumption used to carry the actual traffic between a data bandwidth consumption used to carry the actual traffic between a data
center and the end-users. center and the end-users.
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1.1. Terminology 1.1. Terminology
This section describes key terminology used in this document. This section describes key terminology used in this document.
Application Stratum -- The functional block which manages and Application Stratum -- The functional block which manages and
controls application resources and provides application resources to controls application resources and provides application resources to
a variety of clients/end-users. a variety of clients/end-users.
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Application Profile -- The characteristics of the application from a Application Profile -- The characteristics of the application from a
network traffic perspective and the QoS requirements that the network traffic perspective and the QoS requirements that the
application service will require from the network. application service will require from the network.
Application Resources -- Non-network resources critical to achieving Application Resources -- Non-network resources critical to achieving
the application service functionality. Examples include: caches, the application service functionality. Examples include: caches,
mirrors, application specific servers, content, large data sets, and mirrors, application specific servers, content, large data sets, and
computing power. computing power.
Application Service -- A networked application offered to a variety Application Service -- A networked application offered to a variety
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2. Network and Application Contexts 2. Network and Application Contexts
This section discusses the network and application contexts and the This section discusses the network and application contexts and the
key components that will help understand problems that will be key components that will help understand problems that will be
discussed in the subsequent section. Figure 1 below depicts discussed in the subsequent section. Figure 1 below depicts
overarching network and application architecture in which to show the overarching network and application architecture in which to show the
key components. key components.
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,-----. --------------- ,-----. ---------------
---------- / App \ | DC 1 | ---------- / App \ | DC 1 |
| End-user |. . .>( Control ) | o o o | | End-user |. . .>( Control ) | o o o |
| | \ / | \|/ | | | \ / | \|/ |
---------- `-----' | O | ---------- `-----' | O |
| ----- --|------ | ----- --|------
| | | |
| | | |
| --------------------------|-- | --------------------------|--
| / PE1 | \ | / PE1 | \
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. Carrier Network (access network is not shown for brevity's sake) . Carrier Network (access network is not shown for brevity's sake)
There are a number of factors that need be considered in choosing the There are a number of factors that need be considered in choosing the
right server in the right data center for an application request or right server in the right data center for an application request or
in instantiating new VMs/applications or migrating existing in instantiating new VMs/applications or migrating existing
VMs/applications: VMs/applications:
. Server level load condition in a data center . Server level load condition in a data center
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. Intra data center network condition . Intra data center network condition
. Carrier MAN/WAN network condition . Carrier MAN/WAN network condition
. User Condition . User Condition
Details of potential constraining factors for each of the list above Details of potential constraining factors for each of the list above
are as follows: are as follows:
2.1. Server level load condition 2.1. Server level load condition
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data centers and connect end users to the data centers) data centers and connect end users to the data centers)
o Type of networks and the technical capabilities of the o Type of networks and the technical capabilities of the
networks; networks;
o Bandwidth capabilities and availability; o Bandwidth capabilities and availability;
o latency; o latency;
o jitter; o jitter;
o packet loss; o packet loss;
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o And other Network Performance Objective (NPO) as defined in o And other Network Performance Objective (NPO) as defined in
section 5 of [ITU-T Y.1541]. section 5 of [ITU-T Y.1541].
2.4. User condition 2.4. User condition
o User access capabilities and limitations (e.g., user o User access capabilities and limitations (e.g., user
terminal information such as codec for video application); terminal information such as codec for video application);
o User location; o User location;
o Optional user preferences (for some application, user may o Optional user preferences (for some application, user may
be able to specify its preferences. For example, the be able to specify its preferences. For example, the
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providing an optimal decision across multiple VLANs and multiple Data providing an optimal decision across multiple VLANs and multiple Data
Centers. This capability is often referred to as global load Centers. This capability is often referred to as global load
balancing. balancing.
First of all, there is no standard solution for the communication First of all, there is no standard solution for the communication
exchange among load balancers located in different Data Centers. This exchange among load balancers located in different Data Centers. This
implies that load balancers from different vendors cannot communicate implies that load balancers from different vendors cannot communicate
to each other. to each other.
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Secondly, load balancers know little about the underlying network Secondly, load balancers know little about the underlying network
conditions listed in the previous section. Nor is it user condition conditions listed in the previous section. Nor is it user condition
aware. aware.
In some cases, application controllers can estimate network load In some cases, application controllers can estimate network load
based on ping latency, and network topology based on trace routes in based on ping latency, and network topology based on trace routes in
the Internet, based on the assumption that the underlying transport the Internet, based on the assumption that the underlying transport
network is an IP network, and the routing is based on simple IP network is an IP network, and the routing is based on simple IP
forwarding. forwarding.
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This capability is referred to as Network Stratum Query (NS Query) in This capability is referred to as Network Stratum Query (NS Query) in
this document. this document.
4. High-level requirements 4. High-level requirements
This section discusses high-level requirements to support network- This section discusses high-level requirements to support network-
aware application resource assignment and mobility in the data center aware application resource assignment and mobility in the data center
environments. environments.
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4.1. End-User to Application/DC Provider Communication 4.1. End-User to Application/DC Provider Communication
End-users are the entities that make requests to the Application End-users are the entities that make requests to the Application
Controller (aka, global load balancer, or front-end server). As Controller (aka, global load balancer, or front-end server). As
Figure 1 shows, the Application Controller interfaces users and makes Figure 1 shows, the Application Controller interfaces users and makes
server assignment decision for the user application. Once resources server assignment decision for the user application. Once resources
are allocated or made available, they consume application resources are allocated or made available, they consume application resources
offered by application/Data Center provider. offered by application/Data Center provider.
End-users may communicate several things to the Application End-users may communicate several things to the Application
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. Intra-DC network conditions defined in Section 2.2 need to be . Intra-DC network conditions defined in Section 2.2 need to be
made available to the Application Controller (Global Load made available to the Application Controller (Global Load
Balancer) from each of the Data Centers where the application Balancer) from each of the Data Centers where the application
servers are located. servers are located.
4.3. Data Center-Network Stratum Communication (NS Query) 4.3. Data Center-Network Stratum Communication (NS Query)
The Application Controller plays the key role in choosing the optimal The Application Controller plays the key role in choosing the optimal
server for an application request. The Application Controller can server for an application request. The Application Controller can
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interface with an application gateway that interfaces with network interface with an application gateway that interfaces with network
and runs NS Query. The details of NS Query are addressed in a and runs NS Query. The details of NS Query are addressed in a
separate draft [NS Query]. separate draft [NS Query].
4.3.1. Application Profile 4.3.1. Application Profile
The application Stratum needs to provide the application profile to The application Stratum needs to provide the application profile to
network. network.
Example service profile information that can be useful to network to Example service profile information that can be useful to network to
understand is as follows: understand is as follows:
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Note that this can be asked in a different way. For example, the Note that this can be asked in a different way. For example, the
query can simply ask: query can simply ask:
. Can you route x amount of b/w (in a particular point in network) . Can you route x amount of b/w (in a particular point in network)
within y ms of latency? within y ms of latency?
. Can you route x amount of b/w (in a particular point in network) . Can you route x amount of b/w (in a particular point in network)
with no packet loss? with no packet loss?
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4.3.3. Responses to NS Query from network to application 4.3.3. Responses to NS Query from network to application
Upon receiving the network query from application, the network should Upon receiving the network query from application, the network should
be able to perform the following functions: be able to perform the following functions:
. Using the given location mapping information (e.g., the server . Using the given location mapping information (e.g., the server
location and the end-user location or a set of server locations location and the end-user location or a set of server locations
in different data centers), the network should be able to derive in different data centers), the network should be able to derive
its network condition data. its network condition data.
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for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)," for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP),"
January, 1998. January, 1998.
[Y.2011] General principles and general reference model for Next [Y.2011] General principles and general reference model for Next
Generation Networks, October, 2004. Generation Networks, October, 2004.
[Y.2012] Functional Requirements and architecture of the NGN, April, [Y.2012] Functional Requirements and architecture of the NGN, April,
2010. 2010.
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[GameServ]P. Quax, J. Dierckx, B. Cornelissen, G. Vansichem, and W. [GameServ]P. Quax, J. Dierckx, B. Cornelissen, G. Vansichem, and W.
Lamotte, "Dynamic server allocation in a real-life Lamotte, "Dynamic server allocation in a real-life
deployable communications architecture for networked deployable communications architecture for networked
games," Proceedings of the 7th ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on games," Proceedings of the 7th ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on
Network and System Support for Games, Worcester, Network and System Support for Games, Worcester,
Massachusetts: ACM, 2008, pp. 66-71. Massachusetts: ACM, 2008, pp. 66-71.
[GroupGame] K. Vik, C. Griwodz, and P. Halvorsen, "Applicability of [GroupGame] K. Vik, C. Griwodz, and P. Halvorsen, "Applicability of
group communication for increased scalability in MMOGs," group communication for increased scalability in MMOGs,"
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networks," ACM SIGCOMM, Vol. 39, Number1, January 2009. networks," ACM SIGCOMM, Vol. 39, Number1, January 2009.
[NS Query] Y. Lee, et. al., "Problem Statement for Network Stratum [NS Query] Y. Lee, et. al., "Problem Statement for Network Stratum
Query," draft-lee-network-stratum-query-problem, work in Query," draft-lee-network-stratum-query-problem, work in
progress. progress.
[Y.1541] Network performance objectives for IP-based services, [Y.1541] Network performance objectives for IP-based services,
February, 2002. February, 2002.
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Author's Addresses Author's Addresses
Ning So (Editor) Ning So (Editor)
Univerity of Texas at Dallas Univerity of Texas at Dallas
Email: ningso@yahoo.com Email: ningso@yahoo.com
Young Lee (Editor) Young Lee (Editor)
Huawei Technologies Huawei Technologies
1700 Alma Drive, Suite 500 1700 Alma Drive, Suite 500
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Intellectual Property Statement Intellectual Property Statement
The IETF Trust takes no position regarding the validity or scope of The IETF Trust takes no position regarding the validity or scope of
any Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be any Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be
claimed to pertain to the implementation or use of the technology claimed to pertain to the implementation or use of the technology
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under such rights might or might not be available; nor does it under such rights might or might not be available; nor does it
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represent that it has made any independent effort to identify any represent that it has made any independent effort to identify any
such rights. such rights.
Copies of Intellectual Property disclosures made to the IETF Copies of Intellectual Property disclosures made to the IETF
Secretariat and any assurances of licenses to be made available, or Secretariat and any assurances of licenses to be made available, or
the result of an attempt made to obtain a general license or the result of an attempt made to obtain a general license or
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users of this specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR users of this specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR
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