< draft-thubert-intarea-schc-over-ppp-00.txt   draft-thubert-intarea-schc-over-ppp-01.txt >
LPWAN P. Thubert, Ed. LPWAN P. Thubert, Ed.
Internet-Draft Cisco Systems Internet-Draft Cisco Systems
Updates: 5172 (if approved) 1 July 2020 Updates: 5172 (if approved) 1 September 2020
Intended status: Standards Track Intended status: Standards Track
Expires: 2 January 2021 Expires: 5 March 2021
SCHC over PPP SCHC over PPP
draft-thubert-intarea-schc-over-ppp-00 draft-thubert-intarea-schc-over-ppp-01
Abstract Abstract
This document extends RFC 5172 to signal the use of SCHC as the This document extends RFC 5172 to signal the use of SCHC as the
compression method between a pair of nodes over PPP. Combined with compression method between a pair of nodes over PPP. Combined with
RFC 2516, this enables the use of SCHC over Ethernet and Wi-Fi. RFC 2516, this enables the use of SCHC over Ethernet and Wi-Fi.
Status of This Memo Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
skipping to change at page 1, line 33 skipping to change at page 1, line 33
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
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This Internet-Draft will expire on 2 January 2021. This Internet-Draft will expire on 5 March 2021.
Copyright Notice Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2020 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the Copyright (c) 2020 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
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Table of Contents Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. BCP 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. BCP 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. Extending RFC 5172 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3. Extending RFC 5172 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4. Profiling SCHC for high speed links . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4. Profiling SCHC for high speed links . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4.1. Mapping the SCHC Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4.1. Mapping the SCHC Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4.2. SCHC Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4.2. SCHC Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4.2.1. Resulting Packet Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4.2.1. Resulting Packet Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.3. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4.3. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 6. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
7. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
8. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 8. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1. Introduction 1. Introduction
The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) [RFC5172] provides a standard The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) [RFC5172] provides a standard
method of encapsulating network-layer protocol information over method of encapsulating network-layer protocol information over
point-to-point links. "A Method for Transmitting PPP Over Ethernet serial (point-to-point and bus) links. "A Method for Transmitting
(PPPoE)" [RFC2516] transports PPP over Ethernet between a pair of PPP Over Ethernet (PPPoE)" [RFC2516] transports PPP over Ethernet
nodes. It is compatible with a translating bridge to Wi-Fi, and between a pair of nodes. It is compatible with a translating bridge
therefore enables PPP over Wi-Fi as well. to Wi-Fi, and therefore enables PPP over Wi-Fi as well.
PPP also defines an extensible Link Control Protocol, and proposes a PPP also proposes an extensible Link Control Protocol and a family of
family of Network Control Protocols (NCPs) for establishing and Network Control Protocols (NCPs) for establishing and configuring
configuring different network-layer protocols. "IP Version 6 over different network-layer protocols. "IP Version 6 over PPP" [RFC5072]
PPP" [RFC5072] defines the IPv6 Control Protocol (IPV6CP) , which is specifies the IPv6 Control Protocol (IPV6CP), which is an NCP for a
an NCP for a PPP link, and allows for the negotiation of desirable PPP link, and allows for the negotiation of desirable parameters for
parameters for an IPv6 interface over PPP. an IPv6 interface over PPP. "Negotiation for IPv6 Datagram
Compression Using IPv6 Control Protocol" [RFC5172] defines the IPv6
datagram compression option that can be negotiated by a node on the
link through the IPV6CP.
"Negotiation for IPv6 Datagram Compression Using IPv6 Control The "Static Context Header Compression (SCHC) and fragmentation for
Protocol" [RFC5172] defines the IPv6 datagram compression option that LPWAN, application to UDP/IPv6" [SCHC] is a new technology that can
can be negotiated by a node on the link through the IPV6CP. The provide an extreme compression performance but requires a same state
"Static Context Header Compression (SCHC) and fragmentation for to be provisionned on both ends before it can be operated. To enable
LPWAN, application to UDP/IPv6" [SCHC] is a compression and SCHC over PPP and therefore Ethernet and Wi-Fi, this specification
fragmentation technique that was defined after the publication of extends [RFC5172] to signal SCHC as an additional compression method
[RFC5172]. In order to enable SCHC over PPP and therefore Ethernet for use over PPP.
and Wi-Fi, [RFC5172] must be extended to signal SCHC as an additional
compression method for use over PPP. An example use case for SCHC over PPP over Ethernet (SCHCoPPPoE) is
to apply SCHC to periodic flows and maintain them at a protocol-
independant size and rate. The constant size may be too small for a
particular flow or protocol. The SCHC fragmentation can then be used
to transport a protocol data unit (PDU) as N compressed SCHC
fragments, in which case the effective PDU rate is the TSN frame rate
divided by N.
This can be useful to streamline the frames and simplifies the
scheduling of Deterministic Networking [DetNet] and Operational
Technology (OT) control flows over IEEE Std 802.1 Time-Sensitive
Networking (TSN) [IEEE802.1TSNTG] or one of the [RAW Technologies].
2. BCP 14 2. BCP 14
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
14 [RFC2119][RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all 14 [RFC2119][RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
capitals, as shown here. capitals, as shown here.
3. Extending RFC 5172 3. Extending RFC 5172
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+----------+ Wi-Fi / +----------+ .... +----------+ Wi-Fi / +----------+ ....
| IP | Ethernet | IP | .. ) | IP | Ethernet | IP | .. )
| Host +-----/------+ Router +----------( Internet ) | Host +-----/------+ Router +----------( Internet )
| SCHC C/D | Serial | SCHC C/D | ( ) | SCHC C/D | Serial | SCHC C/D | ( )
+----------+ +----------+ ... +----------+ +----------+ ...
<-- SCHC --> <-- SCHC -->
over PPP over PPP
Figure 2: Typical Deployment Figure 2: Typical Deployment
The assumption for this document is that the SCHC Fragmenter/ The SCHC Fragmenter/Reassembler (F/R) is generally not needed,
Reassembler (F/R) is generally not needed, because the maximum because the maximum transmission unit (MTU) is expected to be large
transmission unit (MTU) is expected to be large enough and SCHC only enough and SCHC only reduces the frame size vs. native IP. But it
reduces the frame size vs. native IP. may be used to obtain a small protocol-independant frame size for the
compressed packets, possibly way smaller than MTU.
An example use case for SCHC over PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) would be
to apply SCHC to streamline traffic by reducing the size of the
frames and maintain them to a constant size and constant rate, e.g.,
to simplify the scheduling of [DetNet] packets over TSN or one of the
[RAW Technologies]. Scheduling on DetNet links introduces a form of
duty cycle, but that does not affect the SCHC operation, since
fragmentation is not provided.
A context may be generated for a particular upper layer application, A context may be generated for a particular upper layer application,
such as a control loop using an industrial automation protocol, to such as a control loop using an industrial automation protocol, to
protect the particular flow with a DetNet service. The context can protect the particular flow with a DetNet service. The context can
be asymetric, e.g., when connecting a master and a slave, a client be asymetric, e.g., when connecting a primary and a secondary
and a server, or a programmable logic controller with a sensor or an endpoints, a client and a server, or a programmable logic controller
actuator. with a sensor or an actuator.
4.2. SCHC Parameters 4.2. SCHC Parameters
Compared to typical LPWANs, most serial links and emulations such as Compared to typical LPWANs, most serial links and emulations such as
PPPoE are very fast and most of the constraints can be alleviated. PPPoE are very fast and most of the constraints can be alleviated.
For this reason, the SCHC profile for PPP is defined as follows: For this reason, the SCHC profile for PPP is defined as follows:
RuleID numbering scheme: Rules are of a fixed size of two bytes, RuleID numbering scheme: The RuleID for a compression rule is
which allows for more than 65000 different Rules within one expressed as 2 bytes. The first (leftmost) 2 bits of that RuleId
session. Since this specification does not leverage the SCHC MUST be set to 0 This leaves 14 bits to index the rule. A SCHC
fragmentation, a SCHC packet is always in the form: compressed packet is always in the form:
|------- Compressed Header -------| 0 1
+---------------------------------+--------------------+ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
| RuleID | Compression Residue | Payload | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+----------...--------+~~~~~~~~~~
+---------------------------------+--------------------+ |0 0 RuleID | Compression Residue | Payload
< 2bytes > +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+----------...--------+~~~~~~~~~~
|------- Compressed Header (byte aligned) ------------|
Figure 3: SCHC Packet Figure 3: SCHC Compressed Packet
This specification only supports the No-ACK Mode of SCHC
fragmentation as specified in section 8.4.1 of [SCHC]. The SCHC
Fragment Header is 2 bytes long.
The RuleID for a fragmenation rule is expressed as 4 bits. The
bits MUST all set to 1 for a fragmentation rule in No-ACK Mode.
The DTag field is 11 bits long (T=11) and the FCN field is one bit
(N=1), which is set to 1 on the last fragment as illustrated in
Appendix B of [SCHC] and to 0 otherwise. There is no W field
(M=0).
0 1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+--------...-------+~~~~~~~~~~~
|1 1 1 1| DTag |F| Fragment Payload | padding
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+--------...-------+~~~~~~~~~~~
|--------- T ---------|N|
|---- SCHC Fragment Header ----|
Figure 4: SCHC Fragment
The No-ACK mode has been designed under the assumption that data
unit out-of-sequence delivery does not occur between the entity
performing fragmentation and the entity performing reassembly and
a DetNet PREOF function might be needed to reorder the fragments.
Maximum packet size: MAX_PACKET_SIZE is aligned to the PPP Link MTU. Maximum packet size: MAX_PACKET_SIZE is aligned to the PPP Link MTU.
Padding: The L2 word is one byte, so padding is up to the next byte Padding: The Compression Residue MUST be aligned to the L2 word.
boundary. The padding bit is a 0. For Ethernet, the L2 word is one byte, so padding is needed up to
the next byte boundary. If a compression rule produces a residue
that is not byte aligned, then it is implicitly terminated with a
statement that indicates padding till the next byte boundary. The
padding bit is 0.
4.2.1. Resulting Packet Format 4.2.1. Resulting Packet Format
In the case of PPPoE, the sequence of compression and encapsulation In the case of PPPoE, the sequence of compression and encapsulation
is as follows: is as follows:
A packet (e.g., an IPv6 packet) A packet (e.g., an IPv6 packet)
| ^ (padding bits | ^ (padding bits
v | dropped) v | dropped)
+------------------+ +--------------------+ +------------------+ +--------------------+
| SCHC Compression | | SCHC Decompression | | SCHC Compression | | SCHC Decompression |
+------------------+ +--------------------+ +------------------+ +--------------------+
| ^ | ^
| (No fragmentation) | +-- No -+ |
| fragmentation | +------------------>+
v | | |
+--------------------+ | | +-------------------+
| SCHC Fragmentation | | | | SCHC Reassembly |
+--------------------+ | | +-------------------+
| | | ^
+<------------------+ | No |
| +-- fragmentation -+
v | v |
+--------------------+ +--------------------+ +--------------------+ +--------------------+
| PPP Session encaps | | PPP Session decaps | | PPP Session encaps | | PPP Session decaps |
+--------------------+ +--------------------+ +--------------------+ +--------------------+
| ^ | ^
| | | |
v | v |
+------------------+ +------------------+ +------------------+ +------------------+
| PPPoE(oE) encaps | | PPPoE(oE) encaps | | PPPoE(oE) encaps | | PPPoE(oE) encaps |
+------------------+ +------------------+ +------------------+ +------------------+
| ^ | ^
| | | |
+-------------------------------------------+ +-------------------------------------------+
Sender Receiver Sender Receiver
Figure 4: Stack Operation Figure 5: Stack Operation (no fragment)
In the case of PPPoE, a frame that transports an IPv6 packet In the case of PPPoE, a frame that transports an IPv6 packet
compressed with SCHC shows as follows: compressed with SCHC with no fragmentation shows as follows:
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| | | |
+ Source MAC Address +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + Source MAC Address +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| | | | | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Destination MAC Address + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Destination MAC Address +
| | | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Ethernet Frame Type(0x8864) | Ver=1 | Type=1| Code=0 | | Ethernet Frame Type(0x8864) | Ver=1 | Type=1| Code=0 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Session ID | Length | | Session ID | Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|PPP Protocol (IPv6CP) = 0x8057 | SCHC Rule | | PPP Protocol (IPv6) = 0x0057 |0|0| SCHC RuleID |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| | | |
... Compression ... ... Compression ...
| Residue +-+-+-+ | Residue +-+-+-+
| | Pad | | | Pad |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| | | |
| | | |
| Uncompressed | | Uncompressed |
... Original ... ... Original ...
| Payload | | Payload |
| | | |
| | | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 5: SCHC over PPP over Ethernet Format Figure 6: SCHC over PPP over Ethernet Format
4.3. Security Considerations 4.3. Security Considerations
This draft enables to use the SCHC compression and fragmentation over This draft enables to use the SCHC compression and fragmentation over
PPP and therefore Ethernet and Wi-Fi with PPPoE. It inherits the PPP and therefore Ethernet and Wi-Fi with PPPoE. It inherits the
possible threats against SCHC listed in the "Security considerations" possible threats against SCHC listed in the "Security considerations"
section of [SCHC]. section of [SCHC].
5. IANA Considerations 5. IANA Considerations
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Zúñiga, "SCHC: Generic Framework for Static Context Header Zúñiga, "SCHC: Generic Framework for Static Context Header
Compression and Fragmentation", RFC 8724, Compression and Fragmentation", RFC 8724,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8724, April 2020, DOI 10.17487/RFC8724, April 2020,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8724>. <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8724>.
8. Informative References 8. Informative References
[SCHC_DATA_MODEL] [SCHC_DATA_MODEL]
Minaburo, A. and L. Toutain, "Data Model for Static Minaburo, A. and L. Toutain, "Data Model for Static
Context Header Compression (SCHC)", Work in Progress, Context Header Compression (SCHC)", Work in Progress,
Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-lpwan-schc-yang-data-model-02, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-lpwan-schc-yang-data-model-03,
28 February 2020, <https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf- 10 July 2020, <https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-
lpwan-schc-yang-data-model-02>. lpwan-schc-yang-data-model-03>.
[RAW Technologies] [RAW Technologies]
Thubert, P., Cavalcanti, D., Vilajosana, X., Schmitt, C., Thubert, P., Cavalcanti, D., Vilajosana, X., Schmitt, C.,
and J. Farkas, "Reliable and Available Wireless and J. Farkas, "Reliable and Available Wireless
Technologies", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft- Technologies", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-
thubert-raw-technologies-05, 18 May 2020, thubert-raw-technologies-05, 18 May 2020,
<https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-thubert-raw- <https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-thubert-raw-
technologies-05>. technologies-05>.
[RFC7951] Lhotka, L., "JSON Encoding of Data Modeled with YANG", [RFC7951] Lhotka, L., "JSON Encoding of Data Modeled with YANG",
RFC 7951, DOI 10.17487/RFC7951, August 2016, RFC 7951, DOI 10.17487/RFC7951, August 2016,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7951>. <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7951>.
[DetNet] Finn, N., Thubert, P., Varga, B., and J. Farkas, [DetNet] Finn, N., Thubert, P., Varga, B., and J. Farkas,
"Deterministic Networking Architecture", RFC 8655, "Deterministic Networking Architecture", RFC 8655,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8655, October 2019, DOI 10.17487/RFC8655, October 2019,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8655>. <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8655>.
[IEEE802.1TSNTG]
IEEE, "Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) Task Group",
<https://1.ieee802.org/tsn/>.
Author's Address Author's Address
Pascal Thubert (editor) Pascal Thubert (editor)
Cisco Systems, Inc Cisco Systems, Inc
Building D Building D
45 Allee des Ormes - BP1200 45 Allee des Ormes - BP1200
06254 Mougins - Sophia Antipolis 06254 Mougins - Sophia Antipolis
France France
Phone: +33 497 23 26 34 Phone: +33 497 23 26 34
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