< draft-thubert-tree-discovery-03.txt   draft-thubert-tree-discovery-04.txt >
NEMO Working Group P. Thubert NEMO Working Group P. Thubert
Internet-Draft Cisco Internet-Draft Cisco
Expires: October 22, 2006 C. Bontoux Expires: May 21, 2007 C. Bontoux
Fortinet Fortinet
N. Montavont N. Montavont
LSIIT - ULP LSIIT - ULP
April 20, 2006 November 17, 2006
Nested Nemo Tree Discovery Nested Nemo Tree Discovery
draft-thubert-tree-discovery-03.txt draft-thubert-tree-discovery-04.txt
Status of this Memo Status of this Memo
By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any
applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware
have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she becomes have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she becomes
aware will be disclosed, in accordance with Section 6 of BCP 79. aware will be disclosed, in accordance with Section 6 of BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that
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and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
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This Internet-Draft will expire on October 22, 2006. This Internet-Draft will expire on May 21, 2007.
Copyright Notice Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006). Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006).
Abstract Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to describe a minimum set of features The purpose of this paper is to describe a minimum set of features
that extends the Nemo basic support [4] in order to avoid loops in that extends the Nemo basic support [4] in order to avoid loops in
the nested Nemo case. As a result, Mobile Routers assemble into a the nested Nemo case. As a result, Mobile Routers assemble into a
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4. Router Advertisement extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 4. Router Advertisement extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.1 Router Advertisement message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 4.1 Router Advertisement message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.2 Tree Information Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 4.2 Tree Information Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.3 TIO suboption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4.3 TIO suboption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.3.1 Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4.3.1 Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.3.2 Pad1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4.3.2 Pad1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.3.3 PadN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 4.3.3 PadN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.3.4 Bandwidth Suboption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 4.3.4 Bandwidth Suboption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.3.5 Stable time Suboption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 4.3.5 Stable time Suboption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.3.6 Tree Group ID Suboption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 4.3.6 Tree Group ID Suboption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.3.7 Path Free Medium Time Suboption . . . . . . . . . . . 14
5. Tree Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 5. Tree Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5.1 tree selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 5.1 tree selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5.2 Sub-tree mobility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 5.2 Sub-tree mobility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5.3 Administrative depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 5.3 Administrative depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
5.4 DRL entries states and stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 5.4 DRL entries states and stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
5.4.1 Held-Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 5.4.1 Held-Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
5.4.2 Held-Down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 5.4.2 Held-Down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
5.4.3 Collision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 5.4.3 Collision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
5.4.4 Instability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 5.4.4 Instability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
5.5 Legacy Routers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 5.5 Legacy Routers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
6. Directed Acyclic Graph Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 6. Directed Acyclic Graph Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
7. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 7. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
8. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 8. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
9. Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 9. Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
9.1 Changes from version 00 to 01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 9.1 Changes from version 00 to 01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
9.2 Changes from version 01 to 02 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 9.2 Changes from version 01 to 02 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
9.3 Changes from version 02 to 03 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 9.3 Changes from version 02 to 03 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
9.4 Changes from version 03 to 04 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
10. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 10. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
11. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 11. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
11.1 Normative Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 11.1 Normative Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
11.2 Informative Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 11.2 Informative Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . 25 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . 26
1. Introduction 1. Introduction
As per Nemo Basic support [4], a Mobile Router autoconfigures a As per Nemo Basic support [4], a Mobile Router autoconfigures a
single Care of Address (CoA) to register to its Home Agent and single Care of Address (CoA) to register to its Home Agent and
terminate its Mobile Router-Home Agent tunnel. That Care of Address terminate its Mobile Router-Home Agent tunnel. That Care of Address
is the Mobile Router point of attachment to the nested Nemo. is the Mobile Router point of attachment to the nested Nemo.
Consequently, if loops are avoided, the nested Nemo assumes the shape Consequently, if loops are avoided, the nested Nemo assumes the shape
of a tree. The nodes of the tree are Mobile Routers, the root is of a tree. The nodes of the tree are Mobile Routers, the root is
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Battery (B): The Battery (B) flag is indicates that a parent in the Battery (B): The Battery (B) flag is indicates that a parent in the
tree operates on batteries, an indication of a costly operation. tree operates on batteries, an indication of a costly operation.
It is set by a mobile router which operates on battery and when It is set by a mobile router which operates on battery and when
set, it is left set as it is propagated down the tree. set, it is left set as it is propagated down the tree.
Reserved: 13-bit unsigned integer set to 0 by the clusterhead. Reserved: 13-bit unsigned integer set to 0 by the clusterhead.
TreePreference: 8-bit unsigned integer set by the clusterhead to its TreePreference: 8-bit unsigned integer set by the clusterhead to its
preference and unchanged at propagation. Default is 0 (lowest preference and unchanged at propagation. Default is 0 (lowest
preference). preference). The tree preference provides a mechanism to engineer
the mesh of mobile routers, for instance indicating the most
preferred home gateway or the communication ship in a fleet at
sea.
BootTimeRandom: A random value computed at boot time and recomputed BootTimeRandom: A random value computed at boot time and recomputed
in case of a duplication with another Attachment Router. The in case of a duplication with another Attachment Router. The
concatenation of the Preference and the BootTimeRandom is a 32-bit concatenation of the Preference and the BootTimeRandom is a 32-bit
extended preference that is used to resolve collisions. It is set extended preference that is used to resolve collisions. It is set
by each Mobile Router at propagation time. by each Mobile Router at propagation time.
Preference: The administrative preference of that (mobile) Access Preference: The administrative preference of that (mobile) Access
Router. Default is 0. 255 is the highest possible preference. Router. Default is 0. 255 is the highest possible preference.
Set by each Mobile Router at propagation time. Set by each Mobile Router at propagation time.
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Figure 5: Pad N Figure 5: Pad N
The PadN option is used to insert two or more octets of padding in The PadN option is used to insert two or more octets of padding in
the TIO to enable suboptions alignment. For N (N > 1) octets of the TIO to enable suboptions alignment. For N (N > 1) octets of
padding, the Option Length field contains the value N-2, and the padding, the Option Length field contains the value N-2, and the
Option Data consists of N-2 zero-valued octets. PadN Option data Option Data consists of N-2 zero-valued octets. PadN Option data
MUST be ignored by the receiver. MUST be ignored by the receiver.
4.3.4 Bandwidth Suboption 4.3.4 Bandwidth Suboption
This suboption carries the bandwidth available up the tree via a This suboption carries the maximum bandwidth available up the tree
specific parent. The value is expressed in the log base 2 of the via a specific parent. It is the lowest speed of the links on the
speed, expressed in bps. The Bandwidth suboption does not have any way and does not reflect the actual use of those links in run time.
alignment requirements. Its format is as follows: The value is expressed in the log base 2 of the speed, expressed in
bps. The Bandwidth suboption does not have any alignment
requirements. Its format is as follows:
0 1 2 0 1 2
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+---------------+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+---------------+
| Type = 2 | Length = 1 | Bandwidth | | Type = 2 | Length = 1 | Bandwidth |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+---------------+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+---------------+
Figure 6: Bandwidth Suboption Figure 6: Bandwidth Suboption
Type: Set to 2 for the Bandwidth suboption. Type: Set to 2 for the Bandwidth suboption.
Length: Set to 1 for the Bandwidth suboption. Length: Set to 1 for the Bandwidth suboption.
Bandwidth: 8-bit unsigned integer. The Log2 of the speed of the path Bandwidth: 8-bit unsigned integer. The Log2 of the speed of the path
expressed in bps. The clusterhead initializes that field using expressed in bps. The clusterhead initializes that field using
the speed of the link to the Access Router to which it is attached the speed of the link to the Access Router to which it is attached
or 0xFF if it is floating. An attached MR propagates it as the or 0xFF if it is floating. An attached MR propagates it as the
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Type: 8-bit unsigned integer. Its value is 4 for the Tree Group ID Type: 8-bit unsigned integer. Its value is 4 for the Tree Group ID
suboption. suboption.
Length: 8-bit unsigned integer. Its value is 16 for the Tree Group Length: 8-bit unsigned integer. Its value is 16 for the Tree Group
ID suboption. ID suboption.
Tree Group ID: 128-bit unsigned integer which identify a group for a Tree Group ID: 128-bit unsigned integer which identify a group for a
tree. This value is set by the clusterhead. It can be set tree. This value is set by the clusterhead. It can be set
administratively, for instance to an IPv6 multicast group. administratively, for instance to an IPv6 multicast group.
4.3.7 Path Free Medium Time Suboption
This suboption carries the Free Medium Time available up the tree via
a specific parent at a given point of time. It is an indication of
whether bandwidth is available to place VoIP calls for instance. As
defined by the Quality of Service (QoS) Task Group of the Wi-Fi
Alliance, the Medium Time describes the amount of time admitted to
access the medium, in units of 32 microsecond periods per second.
The Free Medium Time is the amount of time left the medium, in other
words ((1000000/32) - SIGMA(MT)). The Path Free Medium Time is the
lowest available Free Medium Time along the way and it reflects the
actual use of those links in run time.
The Path Free Medium Time suboption does not have any alignment
requirements. Its format is as follows:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type = 5 | Length = 2 | Path Free Medium Time |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 9: Path Free Medium Time Suboption
Type: Set to 5 for the Path Free Medium Time Suboption.
Length: Set to 2 for the Path Free Medium Time Suboption.
Path Free MT: 16-bit unsigned integer. The amount of Medium Time
that is available along the path to the clusterhead in units of 32
microsecond periods per second. The clusterhead initializes that
field to the Free MT on the link where the TIO is issued. An
attached MR propagates it as the minimum of the Path Free MT as
received in the TIO from the parent and the Path Free MT on the
link on which the TIO is propagated. As a result, the value
received from a candidate AR is that of the bottleneck between
that AR and the clusterhead.
5. Tree Discovery 5. Tree Discovery
Here follows a set of rules and definitions that MUST be followed by Here follows a set of rules and definitions that MUST be followed by
all Mobile Routers: all Mobile Routers:
1. A Mobile Router that is not attached to an Attachment Router is 1. A Mobile Router that is not attached to an Attachment Router is
the Nemo clusterhead of its own floating tree. It's depth is 1. the Nemo clusterhead of its own floating tree. It's depth is 1.
2. A Mobile Router that is attached to an Attachment Router that 2. A Mobile Router that is attached to an Attachment Router that
does not support TIO, is the clusterhead of its own grounded does not support TIO, is the clusterhead of its own grounded
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4. The Nemo clusterhead of a tree exposes the tree in the Router 4. The Nemo clusterhead of a tree exposes the tree in the Router
Advertisement Tree Information Option and Mobile Routers Advertisement Tree Information Option and Mobile Routers
propagate the TIO down the tree with the RAs that they forward propagate the TIO down the tree with the RAs that they forward
over their ingress links. over their ingress links.
5. A Mobile Router that is already part of a tree MAY move at any 5. A Mobile Router that is already part of a tree MAY move at any
time and with no delay in order to get closer to the clusterhead time and with no delay in order to get closer to the clusterhead
of its current tree - i.e. in order to reduce its own tree depth. of its current tree - i.e. in order to reduce its own tree depth.
But A Mobile Router MUST NOT move down the tree that it is But A Mobile Router MUST NOT move down the tree that it is
attached to. Mobile Routers MUST ignore RAs that are received attached to. Mobile Routers MUST ignore RAs that are received
from other routers located deeper or at the same depth within the from other routers located deeper within the same tree.
same tree.
6. A Mobile Router may move from its current tree into any different 6. A Mobile Router may move from its current tree into any different
tree at any time and whatever the depth it reaches in the new tree at any time and whatever the depth it reaches in the new
tree, but it may have to wait for a Tree Hop timer to elapse in tree, but it may have to wait for a Tree Hop timer to elapse in
order to do so. The Mobile Router will join that other tree if order to do so. The Mobile Router will join that other tree if
it is more preferable for reasons of connectivity, configured it is more preferable for reasons of connectivity, configured
preference, size, security, bandwidth, tree depth, or whatever preference, free Medium Time, size, security, bandwidth, tree
metrics the Mobile Router cares to use. depth, or whatever metrics the Mobile Router cares to use.
7. If a Mobile Router has selected a new attachment router but has 7. If a Mobile Router has selected a new attachment router but has
not moved yet (because it is waiting for Tree Hop timer to not moved yet (because it is waiting for Tree Hop timer to
elapse), the Mobile Router is unstable and refrains from sending elapse), the Mobile Router is unstable and refrains from sending
Router Advertisement - Tree Information Options. Router Advertisement - Tree Information Options.
8. When A Mobile Router joins a tree, moves within its tree, or when 8. When A Mobile Router joins a tree, moves within its tree, or when
it receives a modified TIO from its current attachment router, it receives a modified TIO from its current attachment router,
the Mobile Router sends an unsolicited Router Advertisement the Mobile Router sends an unsolicited Router Advertisement
message on all its mobile networks (i.e. all its ingress message on all its mobile networks (i.e. all its ingress
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5.4.3 Collision 5.4.3 Collision
A race condition occurs if 2 Mobile Routers send Router Advertisement A race condition occurs if 2 Mobile Routers send Router Advertisement
- Tree Information Option at the same time and wish to join each - Tree Information Option at the same time and wish to join each
other. In order to detect the situation, Mobile Routers time stamp other. In order to detect the situation, Mobile Routers time stamp
the sending of Router Advertisement - Tree Information Option. Any the sending of Router Advertisement - Tree Information Option. Any
Router Advertisement - Tree Information Option received within a Router Advertisement - Tree Information Option received within a
short media-dependant period introduces a risk. To divide the risk, short media-dependant period introduces a risk. To divide the risk,
A 32bits extended preference is added in the TIO. The first byte is A 32bits extended preference is added in the TIO. The first byte is
the clusterhead preference, then the router own preference (default the clusterhead preference, the remaining 24 bits is a boot time
is 0 for both), the remaining 16 bits is a boot time computed computed random.
random.
A Mobile Router that decides to join an Attachment Router will do so A Mobile Router that decides to join an Attachment Router will do so
between (Attachment Router depth) and (Attachment Router depth + 1) between (Attachment Router depth) and (Attachment Router depth + 1)
times the Attachment Router tree delay. But since a Mobile Router is times the Attachment Router tree delay. But since a Mobile Router is
unstable as soon as it receives the Router Advertisement - Tree unstable as soon as it receives the Router Advertisement - Tree
Information Option from the preferred Attachment Router, it will Information Option from the preferred Attachment Router, it will
restrain from sending a Router Advertisement - Tree Information restrain from sending a Router Advertisement - Tree Information
Option between the time it receives the RA and the time it actually Option between the time it receives the RA and the time it actually
jumps. So the crossing of RA may only happen during the propagation jumps. So the crossing of RA may only happen during the propagation
time between the Attachment Router and the Mobile Router, plus some time between the Attachment Router and the Mobile Router, plus some
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9.3 Changes from version 02 to 03 9.3 Changes from version 02 to 03
Added suboptions for tree group, stable time and bandwidth. Added suboptions for tree group, stable time and bandwidth.
Added administrative depth and increment by more than 1. Added administrative depth and increment by more than 1.
Added words on bidirectional check using ND. Added words on bidirectional check using ND.
Added DAG discovery. Added DAG discovery.
9.4 Changes from version 03 to 04
Added suboptions for Path Free Medium Time.
10. Acknowledgments 10. Acknowledgments
The authors wish to thank Marco Molteni and Patrick Wetterwald The authors wish to thank Marco Molteni and Patrick Wetterwald
(cisco) for their participation to this design and the review of the (cisco) for their participation to this design and the review of the
document, and Massimo Villari (university of Messina), for his early document, and Massimo Villari (university of Messina), for his early
work on simulation and research on the subject. This work is also work on simulation and research on the subject. This work is also
based on prior publications, in particular HMRA [8] by Hosik Cho and based on prior publications, in particular HMRA [8] by Hosik Cho and
Eun-Kyoung Paik from Seoul National University and other non IETF Eun-Kyoung Paik from Seoul National University and other non IETF
publications coauthored with Thierry Ernst and Thomas Noel. Finally, publications coauthored with Thierry Ernst and Thomas Noel. Finally,
thanks to Marcelo Bagnulo Braun for his constructive review. thanks to Marcelo Bagnulo Braun for his constructive review.
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Autoconfiguration", RFC 2462, December 1998. Autoconfiguration", RFC 2462, December 1998.
[3] Johnson, D., Perkins, C., and J. Arkko, "Mobility Support in [3] Johnson, D., Perkins, C., and J. Arkko, "Mobility Support in
IPv6", RFC 3775, June 2004. IPv6", RFC 3775, June 2004.
[4] Devarapalli, V., Wakikawa, R., Petrescu, A., and P. Thubert, [4] Devarapalli, V., Wakikawa, R., Petrescu, A., and P. Thubert,
"Network Mobility (NEMO) Basic Support Protocol", RFC 3963, "Network Mobility (NEMO) Basic Support Protocol", RFC 3963,
January 2005. January 2005.
[5] Ernst, T., "Network Mobility Support Goals and Requirements", [5] Ernst, T., "Network Mobility Support Goals and Requirements",
draft-ietf-nemo-requirements-05 (work in progress), draft-ietf-nemo-requirements-06 (work in progress),
October 2005. November 2006.
[6] Ernst, T. and H. Lach, "Network Mobility Support Terminology", [6] Ernst, T. and H. Lach, "Network Mobility Support Terminology",
draft-ietf-nemo-terminology-05 (work in progress), March 2006. draft-ietf-nemo-terminology-06 (work in progress),
November 2006.
[7] Draves, R. and D. Thaler, "Default Router Preferences and More- [7] Draves, R. and D. Thaler, "Default Router Preferences and More-
Specific Routes", draft-ietf-ipv6-router-selection-07 (work in Specific Routes", RFC 4191, November 2005.
progress), January 2005.
11.2 Informative Reference 11.2 Informative Reference
[8] Cho, H., "Hierarchical Mobile Router Advertisement for nested [8] Cho, H., "Hierarchical Mobile Router Advertisement for nested
mobile networks", draft-cho-nemo-hmra-00 (work in progress), mobile networks", draft-cho-nemo-hmra-00 (work in progress),
January 2004. January 2004.
[9] Ng, C., "Analysis of Multihoming in Network Mobility Support", [9] Ng, C., "Analysis of Multihoming in Network Mobility Support",
draft-ietf-nemo-multihoming-issues-05 (work in progress), draft-ietf-nemo-multihoming-issues-06 (work in progress),
February 2006. June 2006.
Authors' Addresses Authors' Addresses
Pascal Thubert Pascal Thubert
Cisco Systems Cisco Systems
Village d'Entreprises Green Side Village d'Entreprises Green Side
400, Avenue de Roumanille 400, Avenue de Roumanille
Batiment T3 Batiment T3
Biot - Sophia Antipolis 06410 Biot - Sophia Antipolis 06410
FRANCE FRANCE
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