< draft-zcao-chinese-pronounce-00.txt		draft-zcao-chinese-pronounce-01.txt >
	Internet Engineering Task Force Z. Cao, Ed.		Internet Engineering Task Force Z. Cao, Ed.
	Internet-Draft H. Deng		Internet-Draft H. Deng
	Intended status: Informational China Mobile		Intended status: Informational China Mobile
	Expires: January 11, 2014 July 10, 2013		Expires: January 16, 2014 July 15, 2013
	How to Pronounce Chinese Names		How to Pronounce Chinese Names
	draft-zcao-chinese-pronounce-00		draft-zcao-chinese-pronounce-01
	Abstract		Abstract
	This document tries to give a brief introduction of how to pronounce		This document tries to give a brief introduction of how to pronounce
	Chinese spelling of names. After reading it, you will find it very		Chinese spelling of names. After reading it, you will find it very
	easy to accomplish that.		easy to accomplish that.
	Status of This Memo		Status of This Memo
	This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the		This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
	skipping to change at page 1, line 32 ¶		skipping to change at page 1, line 32 ¶
	Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering		Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
	Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute		Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
	working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-		working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
	Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.		Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
	Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months		Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
	and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any		and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
	time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference		time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
	material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."		material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
	This Internet-Draft will expire on January 11, 2014.		This Internet-Draft will expire on January 16, 2014.
	Copyright Notice		Copyright Notice
	Copyright (c) 2013 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the		Copyright (c) 2013 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
	document authors. All rights reserved.		document authors. All rights reserved.
	This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal		This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
	Provisions Relating to IETF Documents		Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
	(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of		(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
	publication of this document. Please review these documents		publication of this document. Please review these documents
	skipping to change at page 2, line 13 ¶		skipping to change at page 2, line 13 ¶
	described in the Simplified BSD License.		described in the Simplified BSD License.
	Table of Contents		Table of Contents
	1. Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2		1. Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
	2. The Pinyin system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2		2. The Pinyin system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
	3. How to Pronounce Pinyin Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3		3. How to Pronounce Pinyin Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
	3.1. How to Pronounce 'Initials' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3		3.1. How to Pronounce 'Initials' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
	3.2. How to Pronounce 'Finals' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4		3.2. How to Pronounce 'Finals' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
	4. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6		4. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
	5. Pronounciation Dictionary for Chinese Participants . . . . . 6		5. Pronunciation Dictionary for Chinese Participants . . . . . . 6
	6. Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6		6. Online References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
	7. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6		7. Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
	8. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7		8. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
	9. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7		9. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
	Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7		10. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
			Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
	1. Background		1. Background
	Many Chinese people are attending IETF meetings and joining mailing		Many Chinese people are attending IETF meetings and joining mailing
	list discussions (around 150 according to IETF Chairman report at		list discussions (around 150 according to IETF Chairman report at
	Operation Plenary). Although their names are spelt using English		Operation Plenary). Although their names are spelt using English
	letters, it is always not easy for English speakers to pronounce		letters, it is always not easy for English speakers to pronounce
	them. The essential problem is that there was not a standard while		them. The essential problem is that there was not a standard while
	translating or mapping the Chinese names to English letters at the		translating or mapping the Chinese names to English letters at the
	time. This document will not go into the details of the why this is		time. This document will not go into the details of the why this is
	the fact, but rather would like to serve as a tutorial for English		the fact, but rather would like to serve as a tutorial for English
	speakers to pronounce Chinese spellings especially names correctly.		speakers to pronounce Chinese spellings especially names correctly.
	There are several translating systems from Chinese characters to		There are several translating systems from Chinese characters to
	Latin script, including Pinyin, Webster and Zhuyin. Most people are		Latin script, including Pinyin, Webster and Zhuyin. Most people are
	using Pinyin now, which is the focus of this document. This document		using Pinyin now, which is the focus of this document. This document
	will not help you if you encounter names spelt in other systems.		will not help you if you encounter names spelt in other systems.
	Most of the contents are referred to [Pinyin]. This document is not		Most of the contents are referred to [Pinyin]. This document is not
	to accomplish a comprehensive eduation of pronunciation, but to		to accomplish a comprehensive education of pronunciation, but to
	eduate people to start with some basic knowledge and would like to		educate people to start with some basic knowledge and would like to
	serve as a guide that that IETF people can drop by and get the		serve as a guide that that IETF people can drop by and get the
	correct pronounce in a quick way.		correct pronounce in a quick way.
	We also have submitted a companion document on how to call Chinese		We also have submitted a companion document on how to call Chinese
	people in an authentic way, i.e. http://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-deng-		people in an authentic way [I-D.deng-call-chinese-names].
	call-chinese-names.
	2. The Pinyin system		2. The Pinyin system
	Pinyin is the official phonetic system for transcribing the sound of		Pinyin is the official phonetic system for transcribing the sound of
	Chinese characters into Latin script in China. It is often used to		Chinese characters into Latin script in China. It is often used to
	teach Standard Chinese and spell Chinese names in foreign		teach Standard Chinese and spell Chinese names in foreign
	publications and may be used as an input method to enter Chinese		publications and may be used as an input method to enter Chinese
	characters (Hanzi) into computers. 'Pinyin' literally means		characters (Hanzi) into computers. 'Pinyin' literally means
	"spelled-out sounds."		"spelled-out sounds."
	skipping to change at page 4, line 49 ¶		skipping to change at page 4, line 49 ¶
	y | as in yes		y | as in yes
	--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------		--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	Figure 1: How to pronounce Initials		Figure 1: How to pronounce Initials
	3.2. How to Pronounce 'Finals'		3.2. How to Pronounce 'Finals'
	'Finals' come after 'Initials'. Generally they are more difficult to		'Finals' come after 'Initials'. Generally they are more difficult to
	pronounce than 'Initials'. But the good thing is, unlike English		pronounce than 'Initials'. But the good thing is, unlike English
	equivalent, they have only one way to pronounce. Compared to 'ough'		equivalent, they have only one way to pronounce. Compared to 'ough'
	in 'Cough' and 'rough', 'cought', etc., 'Finals' are more stable.		in 'Cough' and 'rough', 'cought', etc., 'Finals' in Chinese are more
			stable.
	Pinyin | Explanation		Pinyin | English approximation
	--------------------------------------------------------------------------------		--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	a | as 'a' in father		a | as 'a' in father
	--------------------------------------------------------------------------------		--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
			i | as 'ee' in 'Lee'
			--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	e | as 'er' in 'her'		e | as 'er' in 'her'
	--------------------------------------------------------------------------------		--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	ai | like English "eye", but a bit lighter		ai | like English "eye", but a bit lighter
	--------------------------------------------------------------------------------		--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	ei | as in "hey"		ei | as in "hey"
	--------------------------------------------------------------------------------		--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	ao | approximately as 'ow' in "cow"; a is much more audible than the o		ao | approximately as 'ow' in "cow"; a is much more audible than the o
	--------------------------------------------------------------------------------		--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	ou | as in "so"		ou | as in "so"
	--------------------------------------------------------------------------------		--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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	en | as 'en' in "taken"		en | as 'en' in "taken"
	--------------------------------------------------------------------------------		--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	ang | as in German Angst		ang | as in German Angst
	--------------------------------------------------------------------------------		--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	eng | like e in en above but with ng added to it at the back		eng | like e in en above but with ng added to it at the back
	--------------------------------------------------------------------------------		--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	er | similar to the sound of 'ar'in "bar" in American English		er | similar to the sound of 'ar'in "bar" in American English
	--------------------------------------------------------------------------------		--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	ia | as i + a; like 'yar' in "yard"		ia | as i + a; like 'yar' in "yard"
	--------------------------------------------------------------------------------		--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	ie | [i?]		ie |
	--------------------------------------------------------------------------------		--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	iao | as i + ao		iao | as i + ao
	--------------------------------------------------------------------------------		--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	iu | as i + ou		iu | as i + ou
	--------------------------------------------------------------------------------		--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	ian | like English yen		ian | like English yen
	--------------------------------------------------------------------------------		--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	iang | as i + ang		iang | as i + ang
	--------------------------------------------------------------------------------		--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
			ing | as in
			--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	in | as i + n		in | as i + n
	--------------------------------------------------------------------------------		--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	u | like English "oo"		u | like English "oo"
	--------------------------------------------------------------------------------		--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
			v | like iu
			--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	ua | as u + a		ua | as u + a
	--------------------------------------------------------------------------------		--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	uo | as u + o where the o is much lighter		uo | as u + o where the o is much lighter
	--------------------------------------------------------------------------------		--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	uai | as u + ai like as in why		uai | as u + ai like as in why
	--------------------------------------------------------------------------------		--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	ui | as u + ei;		ui | as u + ei;
	--------------------------------------------------------------------------------		--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	uan | as u + an;		uan | as u + an;
	--------------------------------------------------------------------------------		--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	skipping to change at page 6, line 23 ¶		skipping to change at page 6, line 30 ¶
	Figure 2: How to pronounce Finals in Pinyin		Figure 2: How to pronounce Finals in Pinyin
	4. Examples		4. Examples
	For example, how to pronounce my first name Zhen and last name Cao.		For example, how to pronounce my first name Zhen and last name Cao.
	For 'zhen', we can divide it into initial 'zh' and final 'en', and		For 'zhen', we can divide it into initial 'zh' and final 'en', and
	then go and find them in Figure 1 and Figure 2. Okay, you will find		then go and find them in Figure 1 and Figure 2. Okay, you will find
	them in the tables, 'zh' pronounces like 'ch', and 'en' follows its		them in the tables, 'zh' pronounces like 'ch', and 'en' follows its
	pronunciation in 'taken', so you will know how to pronounce it in a		pronunciation in 'taken', so you will know how to pronounce it in a
	combination. For 'Cao', it will be similar, you can take it as an		combination. For 'Cao', it will be similar, you can take it as an
	execise and confirm with me on future IETF meetings :).		exercise and confirm with me on future IETF meetings :).
	Take Hui Deng as another example, 'Hui' can be devided into		Take Hui Deng as another example, 'Hui' can be divided into
	'h'(initial) and 'ui' (final), and you can speak out. 'Deng' can be		'h'(initial) and 'ui' (final), and you can speak out. 'Deng' can be
	devided into 'd' and 'eng'. As in Figure 2, 'g' is silent.		devided into 'd' and 'eng'. As in Figure 2, 'g' is silent.
	5. Pronounciation Dictionary for Chinese Participants		5. Pronunciation Dictionary for Chinese Participants
	This section intends to serve as a pronounciation dictionary for		This section intends to serve as a pronunciation dictionary for
	Chinese participants in IETF.		Chinese participants in IETF.
	Note: please advise an efficient way to accomplish this task, to		Note: please advise an efficient way to accomplish this task, to
	benifit communication between working group chairs and working group		benefit communication between working group chairs and working group
	participants from China.		participants from China.
	6. Acknowledgement		6. Online References
	Authors would like to thank Magaret Wasserman for encouraging western		After posting the 00 version draft to the IETF mailing list, we have
	people to learn how to call Chinese names, and thank Fred baker, Jari		received many feedback to improve this document. Many people suggest
	Arkko, Ted Lemmon, and Sri Gundave to call our name in Chinese way .		to list the available WWW resources with more interactive tutorial of
			how to pronounce. We list some of them here.
			1. Confucius Institute Online Pinyin: http://kid.chinese.cn/pinyin/
			(introduced by Haibin Song) [Confucius]
			2. Pronunciation Dictionary with Audio Clips, http://
			mandarin.about.com/od/pronunciation/a/How-To-Pronounce-Mandarin-
			Chinese.htm (introduced by Wes George) [Mandarin]
			7. Acknowledgement
			Authors would like to thank Margaret Wasserman for encouraging
			western people to learn how to call Chinese names, and thank Fred
			baker, Jari Arkko, Ted Lemmon, and Sri Gundave to call our name in
			Chinese way.
	Thanks ALL for initiating, promoting and executing the 'IETF		Thanks ALL for initiating, promoting and executing the 'IETF
	Diversify' program. Thanks ALL for your willingness to improve		Diversify' program. Thanks ALL for your willingness to improve
	communication ways with IETF Chinese participants.		communication ways with IETF Chinese participants.
	7. IANA Considerations		Thanks ALL for reviewing early versions of this draft and posting
			comments and suggestions to improve it, an non-exhaustive list
			including: Yuanchen Ma, Vero Zheng, Haibin Song, Aaron Ding. (Sorry
			if I miss any names)
			8. IANA Considerations
	NO IANA Requests.		NO IANA Requests.
	8. Security Considerations		9. Security Considerations
	N/A.		N/A.
	9. Informative References		10. Informative References
			[Confucius]
			Confucius Institute, ., "Confucius Institute Online
			Pinyin: http://kid.chinese.cn/pinyin/", May 2013.
			[I-D.deng-call-chinese-names]
			Deng, H. and Z. Cao, "How to Call Chinese People's Names",
			draft-deng-call-chinese-names-00 (work in progress), July
			2013.
			[Mandarin]
			Unknown, ., "ronunciation Dictionary with Audio Clips,
			http://mandarin.about.com/od/pronunciation/a/How-To-
			Pronounce-Mandarin-Chinese.htm", May 2013.
	[Pinyin] Wikipedia, ., "Pinyin,		[Pinyin] Wikipedia, ., "Pinyin,
	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin", May 2013.		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin", May 2013.
	Authors' Addresses		Authors' Addresses
	Zhen Cao (editor)		Zhen Cao (editor)
	China Mobile		China Mobile
	Xuanwumenxi Ave. No.32		Xuanwumenxi Ave. No.32
	Beijing, Beijing 100053		Beijing, Beijing 100053
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