< draft-ietf-ospf-dynamic-hostname-04.txt   draft-ietf-ospf-dynamic-hostname-05.txt >
OSPF WG S. Venkata OSPF WG S. Venkata
Internet-Draft Google Inc. Internet-Draft Google Inc.
Intended status: Standards Track S. Harwani Intended status: Standards Track S. Harwani
Expires: December 19, 2009 C. Pignataro Expires: January 13, 2010 C. Pignataro
Cisco Systems Cisco Systems
D. McPherson D. McPherson
Arbor Networks, Inc. Arbor Networks, Inc.
June 17, 2009 July 12, 2009
Dynamic Hostname Exchange Mechanism for OSPF Dynamic Hostname Exchange Mechanism for OSPF
draft-ietf-ospf-dynamic-hostname-04 draft-ietf-ospf-dynamic-hostname-05
Status of this Memo Status of this Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted to IETF in full conformance with the This Internet-Draft is submitted to IETF in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. This document may contain material provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. This document may contain material
from IETF Documents or IETF Contributions published or made publicly from IETF Documents or IETF Contributions published or made publicly
available before November 10, 2008. The person(s) controlling the available before November 10, 2008. The person(s) controlling the
copyright in some of this material may not have granted the IETF copyright in some of this material may not have granted the IETF
Trust the right to allow modifications of such material outside the Trust the right to allow modifications of such material outside the
IETF Standards Process. Without obtaining an adequate license from IETF Standards Process. Without obtaining an adequate license from
skipping to change at page 1, line 46 skipping to change at page 1, line 46
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt. http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt.
The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html. http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.
This Internet-Draft will expire on December 19, 2009. This Internet-Draft will expire on January 13, 2010.
Copyright Notice Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2009 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the Copyright (c) 2009 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved. document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents in effect on the date of Provisions Relating to IETF Documents in effect on the date of
publication of this document (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info). publication of this document (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info).
Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
and restrictions with respect to this document. and restrictions with respect to this document.
skipping to change at page 3, line 7 skipping to change at page 3, line 7
This document defines a new OSPF Router Information (RI) TLV that This document defines a new OSPF Router Information (RI) TLV that
allows OSPF routers to flood their hostname-to-Router ID mapping allows OSPF routers to flood their hostname-to-Router ID mapping
information across an OSPF network to provide a simple and dynamic information across an OSPF network to provide a simple and dynamic
mechanism for routers running OSPF to learn about symbolic hostnames mechanism for routers running OSPF to learn about symbolic hostnames
just like for routers running IS-IS. This mechanism is applicable to just like for routers running IS-IS. This mechanism is applicable to
both OSPFv2 and OSPFv3. both OSPFv2 and OSPFv3.
Table of Contents Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.1. Specification of Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.1. Specification of Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2. Possible solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2. Possible solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3. Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3. Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.1. Dynamic Hostname TLV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.1. Dynamic Hostname TLV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.1.1. Flooding Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.1.1. Flooding Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.1.2. Multiple OSPF Instances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.1.2. Multiple OSPF Instances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4. IPv6 Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4. IPv6 Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 5. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 6. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
7. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 7. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
8.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 8.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
8.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 8.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1. Introduction 1. Introduction
OSPF uses a 32-bit Router ID to uniquely represent and identify a OSPF uses a 32-bit Router ID to uniquely represent and identify a
node in the network. For management and operational reasons, network node in the network. For management and operational reasons, network
operators need to check the status of OSPF adjacencies, entries in operators need to check the status of OSPF adjacencies, entries in
the routing table and the content of the OSPF link state database. the routing table and the content of the OSPF link state database.
It is obvious that, when looking at diagnostic information, numerical When looking at diagnostic information, numerical representations of
representations of Router IDs (e.g., dotted-decimal or hexadecimal Router IDs (e.g., dotted-decimal or hexadecimal representations) are
representations) are less clear to humans than symbolic names. less clear to humans than symbolic names.
One way to overcome this problem is to define a hostname-to-Router ID One way to overcome this problem is to define a hostname-to-Router ID
mapping table on a router. This mapping can be used bidirectionally mapping table on a router. This mapping can be used bidirectionally
(e.g., to find symbolic names for Router IDs, and to find Router IDs (e.g., to find symbolic names for Router IDs, and to find Router IDs
for symbolic names) or unidirectionally (e.g., to find symbolic for symbolic names) or unidirectionally (e.g., to find symbolic
hostnames for Router IDs). Thus every router has to maintain a table hostnames for Router IDs). Thus every router has to maintain a table
with mappings between router names and Router IDs. with mappings between router names and Router IDs.
These tables need to contain all names and Router IDs of all routers These tables need to contain all names and Router IDs of all routers
in the network. If these mapping tables are built by static in the network. If these mapping tables are built by static
skipping to change at page 5, line 7 skipping to change at page 5, line 7
One way to build this table of mappings is by static definitions. One way to build this table of mappings is by static definitions.
The problem with static definitions is that the network administrator The problem with static definitions is that the network administrator
needs to keep updating the mapping entries manually as the network needs to keep updating the mapping entries manually as the network
changes; this approach does not scale as the network grows, since changes; this approach does not scale as the network grows, since
there needs to be an entry in the mapping table for each and every there needs to be an entry in the mapping table for each and every
router in the network, on every router in the network. Thus, this router in the network, on every router in the network. Thus, this
approach greatly suffers from maintainability and scalability approach greatly suffers from maintainability and scalability
considerations. considerations.
Another approach is having a centralized location where the name-to- Another approach is having a centralized location where the name-to-
Router ID mapping can be kept. DNS can be used for the same. A Router ID mapping can be kept. The DNS could be used for this. A
disadvantage with this centralized solution is that it is a single disadvantage with this centralized solution is that it is a single
point of failure; and although enhanced availability of the central point of failure; and although enhanced availability of the central
mapping service can be designed, it may not be able to resolve the mapping service can be designed, it may not be able to resolve the
hostname in the event of reachability or network problems, which can hostname in the event of reachability or network problems, which can
be particularly problematic in times of problem resolution. Also, be particularly problematic in times of problem resolution. Also,
the response time can be an issue with the centralized solution, the response time can be an issue with the centralized solution,
which can be equally problematic. If DNS is used as the centralized which can be equally problematic. If the DNS is used as the
mapping table, a network operator may desire a different name mapping centralized mapping table, a network operator may desire a different
than the existing in the DNS, or new routers may not yet be in DNS. name mapping than the existing mapping in the DNS, or new routers may
not yet be in the DNS.
Additionally for OSPFv3, in native IPv6 deployments, the 32-bit Additionally for OSPFv3, in native IPv6 deployments, the 32-bit
Router ID value will not map to IPv4-addressed entities in the Router ID value will not map to IPv4-addressed entities in the
network, nor will it be DNS resolvable (see Section 4). network, nor will it be DNS resolvable (see Section 4).
The third solution that we have defined in this document is to make The third solution that we have defined in this document is to make
use of the protocol itself to carry the name-to-Router ID mapping in use of the protocol itself to carry the name-to-Router ID mapping in
a TLV. Routers that understand this TLV can use it to create the a TLV. Routers that understand this TLV can use it to create the
symbolic name-to-Router ID mapping and Routers who don't understand symbolic name-to-Router ID mapping and Routers that don't understand
can simply ignore it. This specification provides these semantics can simply ignore it. This specification provides these semantics
and mapping mechanisms for OSPFv2 and OSPFv3, leveraging the OSPF and mapping mechanisms for OSPFv2 and OSPFv3, leveraging the OSPF
Router Information (RI) LSA ([RFC4970]). Router Information (RI) Link State Advertisement (LSA) ([RFC4970]).
3. Implementation 3. Implementation
This extension makes use of the Router Information (RI) Opaque LSA This extension makes use of the Router Information (RI) Opaque LSA
defined in [RFC4970] for both OSPFv2 and OSPFv3, by defining a new defined in [RFC4970] for both OSPFv2 and OSPFv3, by defining a new
OSPF Router Information (RI) TLV: The Dynamic Hostname TLV. OSPF Router Information (RI) TLV: The Dynamic Hostname TLV.
The Dynamic Hostname TLV (see Section 3.1) is OPTIONAL. Upon receipt The Dynamic Hostname TLV (see Section 3.1) is OPTIONAL. Upon receipt
of the TLV a router may decide to ignore this TLV, or to install the of the TLV a router may decide to ignore this TLV, or to install the
symbolic name and Router ID in its hostname mapping table. symbolic name and Router ID in its hostname mapping table.
skipping to change at page 6, line 4 skipping to change at page 6, line 16
The format of Dynamic Hostname TLV is as follows: The format of Dynamic Hostname TLV is as follows:
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length | | Type | Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Hostname ... | | Hostname ... |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Type Dynamic Hostname TLV Type (TBD, see Section 6) Type Dynamic Hostname TLV Type (TBD, see Section 6)
Length Total length of the hostname (value field) in octets, not Length Total length of the hostname (value field) in octets, not
including the optional padding. including the optional padding.
Value Hostname, a string of 1 to 255 octets, padded to 4-octet Value Hostname, a string of 1 to 255 octets, padded with zeroes to
alignment, encoded in the US-ASCII charset. 4-octet alignment, encoded in the US-ASCII charset.
Routers that do not recognize the Dynamic Hostname TLV Type, ignore Routers that do not recognize the Dynamic Hostname TLV Type, ignore
the TLV (see [RFC4970]). the TLV (see [RFC4970]).
The value field identifies the symbolic hostname of the router The value field identifies the symbolic hostname of the router
originating the LSA. This symbolic name can be the FQDN for the originating the LSA. This symbolic name can be the Fully Qualified
router, it can be a subset of the FQDN, or it can be any string Domain Name (FQDN) for the Router ID, it can be a subset of the FQDN,
operators want to use for the router. The use of FQDN or a subset of or it can be any string operators want to use for the router. The
it is strongly recommended. The content of this value is a domain use of FQDN or a subset of it is strongly recommended since it can be
name, see [RFC2181]. The string is not null-terminated. The Router beneficial to correlate the OSPF dynamic hostname and the DNS
ID of this router is derived from the LSA header, in the Advertising hostname. The format of the DNS hostname is described in [RFC1035]
Router field of the Router Information (RI) Opaque LSA. and [RFC2181]. If there is no DNS hostname for the Router ID, the
Router ID does not map to an IPv4-addressed entity (e.g., see
Section 4), or an alternate OSPF dynamic hostname naming convention
is desired, any string with significance in the OSPF routing domain
can be used. The string is not null-terminated. The Router ID of
this router is derived from the LSA header, in the Advertising Router
field of the Router Information (RI) Opaque LSA.
The Value field is encoded in 7-bit ASCII. If a user-interface for The Value field is encoded in 7-bit ASCII. If a user-interface for
configuring or displaying this field permits Unicode characters, that configuring or displaying this field permits Unicode characters, that
user-interface is responsible for applying the ToASCII and/or user-interface is responsible for applying the ToASCII and/or
ToUnicode algorithm as described in [RFC3490] to achieve the correct ToUnicode algorithm as described in [RFC3490] to achieve the correct
format for transmission or display. format for transmission or display.
The Dynamic Hostname TLV is applicable to both OSPFv2 and OSPFv3. The Dynamic Hostname TLV is applicable to both OSPFv2 and OSPFv3.
3.1.1. Flooding Scope 3.1.1. Flooding Scope
The Dynamic Hostname TLV MAY be advertised within an area-local or AS The Dynamic Hostname TLV MAY be advertised within an area-local or
scope Router Information (RI) LSA. But the Dynamic Hostname TLV autonomous system (AS) scope Router Information (RI) LSA. But the
SHOULD NOT be advertised into an area in more than one RI LSA Dynamic Hostname TLV SHOULD NOT be advertised into an area in more
irrespective of the scope of the LSA. than one RI LSA irrespective of the scope of the LSA.
In other words, if a router originates a Dynamic Hostname TLV with an In other words, if a router originates a Dynamic Hostname TLV with an
IGP domain (AS) flooding scope, it SHOULD NOT send area-scoped IGP domain (AS) flooding scope, it SHOULD NOT send area-scoped
Dynamic Hostname TLV except into any attached Not-So-Stubby Area Dynamic Hostname TLV except into any attached Not-So-Stubby Area
(NSSA) area(s). Similarly, if a router originates area-scoped (NSSA) area(s). Similarly, if a router originates area-scoped
Dynamic Hostname TLV (other than NSSA area scoped), it SHOULD NOT Dynamic Hostname TLV (other than NSSA area scoped), it SHOULD NOT
send AS-scoped Dynamic Hostname TLV. When the Dynamic Hostname TLV send AS-scoped Dynamic Hostname TLV. When the Dynamic Hostname TLV
is advertised in more than one LSA (e.g., multiple area-scoped LSAs, is advertised in more than one LSA (e.g., multiple area-scoped LSAs,
or AS-scoped LSAs plus NSSA area-scope LSA(s)), the hostname SHOULD or AS-scoped LSAs plus NSSA area-scope LSA(s)), the hostname SHOULD
be the same. be the same.
skipping to change at page 8, line 14 skipping to change at page 8, line 30
5. Security Considerations 5. Security Considerations
Since the hostname-to-Router ID mapping relies on information Since the hostname-to-Router ID mapping relies on information
provided by the routers themselves, a misconfigured or compromised provided by the routers themselves, a misconfigured or compromised
router can inject false mapping information, including a duplicate router can inject false mapping information, including a duplicate
hostname for different Router IDs. Thus, this information needs to hostname for different Router IDs. Thus, this information needs to
be treated with suspicion when, for example, doing diagnostics about be treated with suspicion when, for example, doing diagnostics about
a suspected security incident. a suspected security incident.
There is potential confusion from name collisions if two routers use
and advertise the same Dynamic Hostname. Name conflicts are not
crucial and therefore there is no generic conflict detection or
resolution mechanism in the protocol. However, a router that detects
that a received hostname is the same as the local one can issue a
notification or a management alert.
The use of the FQDN as OSPF dynamic hostname potentially exposes
geographic or other commercial information that can be deduced from
the hostname when sent in the clear. OSPFv3 supports confidentiality
via transport mode IPsec (see [RFC4552]). OSPFv2 could be operated
over IPsec tunnels if confidentiality is required.
This document raises no other new security issues for OSPF. Security This document raises no other new security issues for OSPF. Security
considerations for the base OSPF protocol are covered in [RFC2328] considerations for the base OSPF protocol are covered in [RFC2328]
and [RFC5340]. The use of authentication for the OSPF routing and [RFC5340]. The use of authentication for the OSPF routing
protocols is encouraged. protocols is encouraged.
6. IANA Considerations 6. IANA Considerations
IANA maintains the "OSPF Router Information (RI) TLVs" registry IANA maintains the "OSPF Router Information (RI) TLVs" registry
reachable at [IANA-RI]. An additional OSPF Router Information TLV reachable at [IANA-RI]. An additional OSPF Router Information TLV
Type is defined in Section 3. It is required to be assigned by IANA Type is defined in Section 3. It is required to be assigned by IANA
skipping to change at page 8, line 36 skipping to change at page 9, line 22
Registry Name: OSPF Router Information (RI) TLVs Registry Name: OSPF Router Information (RI) TLVs
Type Value Capabilities Reference Type Value Capabilities Reference
----------- -------------------------------------- --------- ----------- -------------------------------------- ---------
TBD OSPF Dynamic Hostname This document TBD OSPF Dynamic Hostname This document
7. Acknowledgments 7. Acknowledgments
The authors of this document do not make any claims on the The authors of this document do not make any claims on the
originality of the ideas described. This document adapts format and originality of the ideas described. This document adapts format and
text from similar work done in IS-IS [RFC2763]; we would like to text from similar work done in IS-IS [RFC5301] (obsoletes [RFC2763]);
thank Naiming Shen and and Henk Smit, authors of that document. we would like to thank Naiming Shen and and Henk Smit, authors of
[RFC2763].
The authors would also like to thank Acee Lindem, Abhay Roy, Anton The authors would also like to thank Acee Lindem, Abhay Roy, Anton
Smirnov, and Dave Ward for their valuable comments and suggestions. Smirnov, and Dave Ward for their valuable comments and suggestions.
8. References 8. References
8.1. Normative References 8.1. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
skipping to change at page 9, line 15 skipping to change at page 9, line 46
[RFC4970] Lindem, A., Shen, N., Vasseur, JP., Aggarwal, R., and S. [RFC4970] Lindem, A., Shen, N., Vasseur, JP., Aggarwal, R., and S.
Shaffer, "Extensions to OSPF for Advertising Optional Shaffer, "Extensions to OSPF for Advertising Optional
Router Capabilities", RFC 4970, July 2007. Router Capabilities", RFC 4970, July 2007.
8.2. Informative References 8.2. Informative References
[IANA-RI] Internet Assigned Numbers Authority, "Open Shortest Path [IANA-RI] Internet Assigned Numbers Authority, "Open Shortest Path
First v2 (OSPFv2) Parameters", April 2009, First v2 (OSPFv2) Parameters", April 2009,
<http://www.iana.org/assignments/ospfv2-parameters>. <http://www.iana.org/assignments/ospfv2-parameters>.
[RFC1035] Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - implementation and
specification", STD 13, RFC 1035, November 1987.
[RFC2181] Elz, R. and R. Bush, "Clarifications to the DNS [RFC2181] Elz, R. and R. Bush, "Clarifications to the DNS
Specification", RFC 2181, July 1997. Specification", RFC 2181, July 1997.
[RFC2328] Moy, J., "OSPF Version 2", STD 54, RFC 2328, April 1998. [RFC2328] Moy, J., "OSPF Version 2", STD 54, RFC 2328, April 1998.
[RFC2763] Shen, N. and H. Smit, "Dynamic Hostname Exchange Mechanism [RFC2763] Shen, N. and H. Smit, "Dynamic Hostname Exchange Mechanism
for IS-IS", RFC 2763, February 2000. for IS-IS", RFC 2763, February 2000.
[RFC3490] Faltstrom, P., Hoffman, P., and A. Costello, [RFC3490] Faltstrom, P., Hoffman, P., and A. Costello,
"Internationalizing Domain Names in Applications (IDNA)", "Internationalizing Domain Names in Applications (IDNA)",
RFC 3490, March 2003. RFC 3490, March 2003.
[RFC4552] Gupta, M. and N. Melam, "Authentication/Confidentiality
for OSPFv3", RFC 4552, June 2006.
[RFC5301] McPherson, D. and N. Shen, "Dynamic Hostname Exchange
Mechanism for IS-IS", RFC 5301, October 2008.
[RFC5340] Coltun, R., Ferguson, D., Moy, J., and A. Lindem, "OSPF [RFC5340] Coltun, R., Ferguson, D., Moy, J., and A. Lindem, "OSPF
for IPv6", RFC 5340, July 2008. for IPv6", RFC 5340, July 2008.
Authors' Addresses Authors' Addresses
Subbaiah Venkata Subbaiah Venkata
Google Inc. Google Inc.
Email: svenkata@google.com Email: svenkata@google.com
URI: http://www.google.com URI: http://www.google.com
 End of changes. 18 change blocks. 
43 lines changed or deleted 74 lines changed or added

This html diff was produced by rfcdiff 1.48. The latest version is available from http://tools.ietf.org/tools/rfcdiff/