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Comments should be sent to the DNS 16 mailing list or to the authors. 18 This document is an Internet-Draft. Internet-Drafts are working 19 documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, 20 and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute 21 working documents as Internet-Drafts. 23 Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six 24 months. Internet-Drafts may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by 25 other documents at any time. It is not appropriate to use Internet- 26 Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as a 27 ``working draft'' or ``work in progress.'' 29 To learn the current status of any Internet-Draft, please check the 30 1id-abstracts.txt listing contained in the Internet-Drafts Shadow 31 Directories on ds.internic.net (East USA), ftp.isi.edu (West USA), 32 nic.nordu.net (North Europe), ftp.nis.garr.it (South Europe), 33 munnari.oz.au (Pacific Rim), or ftp.is.co.za (Africa). 35 Abstract 37 To reduce the likelihood of conflict and confusion, a number of top 38 level domain names are reserved for use in private testing, as 39 examples in documentation, and the like. 41 Table of Contents 43 Status of This Document....................................1 44 Abstract...................................................1 46 Table of Contents..........................................2 48 1. Introduction............................................3 49 2. TLDs for Testing and Documentation Examples.............3 50 3. Security Considerations.................................4 52 References.................................................5 53 Author's Addresses.........................................5 54 Expiration and File Name...................................5 56 1. Introduction 58 The global Internet Domain Name System is documented in RFC 1034, 59 1035, 1591 and numerous additional Requests for Comment. It defines 60 a tree of names starting with root, ".", immediately below which are 61 top level domain names such as .com and .us. Below top level domain 62 names there are normally additional levels of names. 64 2. TLDs for Testing and Documentation Examples 66 There is a need for top level domain names that can safely be used in 67 private testing, as examples in documentation, and for 68 experimentation, without fear of conflicts with actual top level 69 domain names in the global DNS. The creation and assignment of new 70 top level domain names is becoming an increasingly prominent decision 71 as the domain name system assumes increasing importance in the world. 72 For this reason, it is best to allocate a reasonably large number of 73 names of different lengths now to reduce the probability of a future 74 need for further top level domain name creation and assignment for 75 this purpose in the forseeable future. To satisfy these needs, 76 fourty domain names are reserved as described below. An additional 77 reason for reserving .link and .site is to avoid confusion with the 78 link.local and site.local domain names [draft-ietf-dnsind-local- 79 names-02.txt]. 81 The following ten top level domain names are permanently reserved. 83 .xy 84 .xz 85 .nil 86 .tld 87 .link 88 .site 89 .test 90 .example 91 .invalid 92 .asixtythreecharacterstopleveldomainnamewhichisthelongestallowed 94 Note: two letter top level domain names are reserved for ISO 3166 / 95 Universal Postal Union two letter country codes. However, ISO 3166 96 reserves all two letter codes beginning with "x" for local use and 97 states that they will never be assigned to a country. 99 The above ten names will be added to the root with a single type TXT 100 RR under each. The RDATA for these TXT RRs will contain the single 101 string 103 Reserved, see RFC NNNN. 105 [where NNNN is the number of the RFC this draft gets issued as.] 107 In addition, the thirty domain names formed by appending the digits 0 108 through 9 to "tld", "test", and "example, as listed below, are also 109 permanently reserved; however, since there are currently no TLDs with 110 digits in them and the present of these names without the digit 111 suffix should provide notice, it is not intended that these thirty 112 additional TLDs be entered into the root zone. 114 .tld0 .test0 .example0 115 .tld1 .test1 .exmaple1 116 .tld2 .test2 .example2 117 .tld3 .test2 .example2 118 .tld4 .test4 .example4 119 .tld5 .test5 .exmaple5 120 .tld6 .test6 .example6 121 .tld7 .test7 .example7 122 .tld8 .test8 .example8 123 .tld9 .test9 .example9 125 3. Security Considerations 127 Confusion and conflict can be caused by the use of a current or 128 potential future top level domain name in testing, experimentation, 129 or as an example in documentation. Test and experimental software 130 can escape and end up being run against the global operational DNS. 131 Even examples used "only" in documentation can end up being coded and 132 released or cause conflicts due to later real use and the possible 133 acquisition of intellectual property rights in such "example" names. 135 The reservation of several top level domain names specifically for 136 these purposes will minimize such confusion and conflict. 138 References 140 RFC 1034 - P. Mockapetris, "Domain names - concepts and facilities", 141 11/01/1987. 143 RFC 1035 - P. Mockapetris, "Domain names - implementation and 144 specification", 11/01/1987. 146 RFC 1591 - J. Postel, "Domain Name System Structure and Delegation", 147 03/03/1994. 149 draft-ietf-dnsind-local-names-02.txt 151 Author's Addresses 153 Donald E. Eastlake 3rd 154 CyberCash, Inc. 155 318 Acton Street 156 Carlisle, MA 01741 USA 158 Telephone: +1 508 287 4877 159 +1 703 620-4200 (main office, Reston, VA) 160 FAX: +1 508 371 7148 161 EMail: dee@cybercash.com 163 Aliza R. Panitz 164 AccessAbility Internet Services, Inc. 165 12515 Greenbriar Road 166 Potomac, MD 20854 USA 168 Telephone: +1 301 983-3547 169 FAX: +1 301 983-4899 170 EMail: buglady@ability.net 172 Expiration and File Name 174 This draft expires April 1998. 176 Its file name is draft-ietf-dnsind-test-tlds-03.txt.