idnits 2.17.1 

draft-ietf-html-spec-01.txt:

  Checking boilerplate required by RFC 5378 and the IETF Trust (see
  https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info):
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  ** Cannot find the required boilerplate sections (Copyright, IPR, etc.) in
     this document.

     Expected boilerplate is as follows today (2024-04-24) according to
     https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info :

     IETF Trust Legal Provisions of 28-dec-2009, Section 6.a:
        This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions
        of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

     IETF Trust Legal Provisions of 28-dec-2009, Section 6.b(i), paragraph 2:
        Copyright (c) 2024 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document
        authors.  All rights reserved.

     IETF Trust Legal Provisions of 28-dec-2009, Section 6.b(i), paragraph 3:
        This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions
        Relating to IETF Documents
        (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
        publication of this document.  Please review these documents
        carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with
        respect to this document.  Code Components extracted from this
        document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in
        Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided
        without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License.


  Checking nits according to https://www.ietf.org/id-info/1id-guidelines.txt:
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  ** Missing expiration date.  The document expiration date should appear on
     the first and last page.

  ** The document seems to lack a 1id_guidelines paragraph about
     Internet-Drafts being working documents. 

  ** The document seems to lack a 1id_guidelines paragraph about 6 months
     document validity. 

  ** The document seems to lack a 1id_guidelines paragraph about the list of
     current Internet-Drafts. 

  ** The document seems to lack a 1id_guidelines paragraph about the list of
     Shadow Directories. 

  == No 'Intended status' indicated for this document; assuming Proposed
     Standard


  Checking nits according to https://www.ietf.org/id-info/checklist :
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  ** The document seems to lack an IANA Considerations section.  (See Section
     2.2 of https://www.ietf.org/id-info/checklist for how to handle the case
     when there are no actions for IANA.)

  ** The document seems to lack separate sections for Informative/Normative
     References.  All references will be assumed normative when checking for
     downward references.

  ** There are 132 instances of lines with control characters in the document.

  == There are 2 instances of lines with non-RFC2606-compliant FQDNs in the
     document.


  Miscellaneous warnings:
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  == Line 11 has weird spacing: '...as, and  its w...'

  == Line 1456 has weird spacing: '...ered as  monos...'

  -- The document seems to lack a disclaimer for pre-RFC5378 work, but may
     have content which was first submitted before 10 November 2008.  If you
     have contacted all the original authors and they are all willing to grant
     the BCP78 rights to the IETF Trust, then this is fine, and you can ignore
     this comment.  If not, you may need to add the pre-RFC5378 disclaimer. 
     (See the Legal Provisions document at
     https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info for more information.)

  -- The document date (February 8, 1995) is 10668 days in the past.  Is this
     intentional?

  -- Found something which looks like a code comment -- if you have code
     sections in the document, please surround them with '<CODE BEGINS>' and
     '<CODE ENDS>' lines.


  Checking references for intended status: Proposed Standard
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

     (See RFCs 3967 and 4897 for information about using normative references
     to lower-maturity documents in RFCs)

     No issues found here.

     Summary: 9 errors (**), 0 flaws (~~), 4 warnings (==), 3 comments (--).

     Run idnits with the --verbose option for more detailed information about
     the items above.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1	INTERNET DRAFT                                         February 8, 1995
2	Expires in six months

4	                   HyperText Markup Language Specification - 2.0
5	                         <draft-ietf-html-spec-01.txt>

7	STATUS OF THIS MEMO

9	   This document is an Internet draft.  Internet drafts are
10	   working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force
11	   (IETF), its areas, and  its working groups.  Note that
12	   other groups may also distribute working documents as
13	   Internet drafts.

15	   Internet drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum
16	   of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted
17	   by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to
18	   use Internet drafts as reference material or to cite
19	   them other than as "work in progress."

21	   To learn the current status of any Internet-Draft,
22	   please check the "1id-abstracts.txt" listing contained
23	   in the Internet- Drafts Shadow Directories on
24	   ftp.is.co.za (Africa), nic.nordu.net (Europe),
25	   munnari.oz.au (Pacific Rim), ds.internic.net (US East
26	   Coast), or ftp.isi.edu (US West Coast).

28	   Distribution of this document is unlimited.  Please send
29	   comments to the HTML working group (HTML-WG) of the
30	   Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) at <html-
31	   wg@oclc.org>. Discussions of the group are archived at
32	   URL: http://www.acl.lanl.gov/HTML_WG/archives.html.

34	Abstract

36	   The HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is a simple markup
37	   language used to create hypertext documents that are
38	   portable from one platform to another. HTML documents
39	   are SGML documents with generic semantics that are
40	   appropriate for representing information from a wide
41	   range of applications.  HTML markup can represent
42	   hypertext news, mail, documentation, and hypermedia;
43	   menus of options; database query results; simple
44	   structured documents with in-lined graphics; and
45	   hypertext views of existing bodies of information.

47	   HTML has been in use by the World Wide Web (WWW) global
48	   information initiative since 1990.  This specification
49	   roughly corresponds to the capabilities of HTML in
50	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

52	   common use prior to June 1994. It is defined as an
53	   application of ISO Standard 8879:1986 Information
54	   Processing Text and Office Systems; Standard Generalized
55	   Markup Language (SGML).

57	   The "text/html; version=2.0" Internet Media Type (RFC 1590) and
58	   MIME Content Type (RFC 1521) is defined by this specification.

60	Contents

62	   Overview of HTML Specification........................  2

64	   HTML Specification.................................... 11

66	   Security Considerations............................... 52

68	   Obsolete and Proposed Features........................ 53

70	   HTML Document Type Definitions........................ 56

72	   Glossary.............................................. 74

74	   References............................................ 77

76	   Acknowledgments....................................... 78

78	   Author's Addresses.................................... 80

80	1. Overview of HTML Specification

82	   This chapter is a summary of the HTML specification. See
83	   Section 2. for the complete specification.

85	   HTML describes the structure and organization of a
86	   document. It only suggests appropriate presentations of
87	   the document when processed.

89	   In HTML documents, tags define the start and end of
90	   headings, paragraphs, lists, character highlighting and
91	   links. Most HTML elements are identified in a document
92	   as a start tag, which gives the element name and
93	   attributes, followed by the content, followed by the end
94	   tag. Start tags are delimited by < and >, and end tags
95	   are delimited by </ and >.

97	   Example:

99	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

101	   <H1>This is a heading</H1>

103	   Every HTML document starts with a HTML document
104	   identifier which contains two sections, a head and a
105	   body. The head contains HTML elements which describe the
106	   documents title, usage and relationship with other
107	   documents. The body contains other HTML elements with
108	   the entire text and graphics of the document.

110	   This overview briefly describes the syntax of HTML
111	   elements and provides an example HTML document.

113	   NOTE: The term "HTML user agent" is used in this
114	   document to describe applications that are used with
115	   HTML documents.

117	   1.1 HTML Elements

119	      1.1.1 Document Structure Elements

121	         HTML Identifier

123	            <HTML> ... </HTML>

125	            The HTML identifier defines the document as containing
126	            HTML elements. It contains only the Head and Body
127	            elements.

129	         Head

131	            <HEAD> ... </HEAD>

133	            The Head element contains HTML elements that describe
134	            the documents title, usage and relationship with other
135	            documents.

137	         Body

139	            <BODY> ... </BODY>

141	            The Body element contains the text and its associated
142	            HTML elements of the document.

144	         Example of Document Structure Elements

146	            <HTML>
147	            <HEAD>
148	            <TITLE>The Document's Title</TITLE>
149	            </HEAD>
150	            <BODY>
151	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

153	            The document's text.
154	            </BODY>

156	      1.1.2 Anchor Element

158	         Anchor

160	            <A> ... </A>

162	            An anchor specifies a link to another location (<A
163	            HREF>) or the value to use when linking to this location
164	            from another location (<A NAME>):

166	            See <A HREF="http://www.hal.com/">HaL</A>'s
167	            information for more details.

169	            <A NAME="B">Section B</A> describes...
170	            ...
171	            See <A HREF="#B">Section B</A> for more information.

173	      1.1.3 Block Formatting Elements

175	         Address

177	            <ADDRESS> ... </ADDRESS>

179	            <ADDRESS>
180	            Newsletter editor<BR>
181	            J.R. Brown<BR>
182	            JimquickPost News, Jumquick, CT 01234<BR>
183	            Tel (123) 456 7890
184	            </ADDRESS>

186	         Body

188	            <BODY> ... </BODY>

190	            Place the <BODY> and </BODY> tags above and below the
191	            body of the text (not including the head) of your HTML
192	            document.

194	         Blockquote

196	            <BLOCKQUOTE>... </BLOCKQUOTE>
197	            I think it ends
198	            <BLOCKQUOTE>
199	            <P>Soft you now, the fair Ophelia. Nymph, in thy
200	            orisons,
201	            be all my sins remembered.
202	            </BLOCKQUOTE>
203	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

205	            but I am not sure.

207	         Head

209	            <HEAD> ... </HEAD>

211	            Every HTML document must have a head, which provides a
212	            title. Example:

214	            <HTML>
215	            <HEAD>
216	            <TITLE>Introduction to HTML</TITLE>
217	            </HEAD>

219	         Headings

221	            <H1>This is a first level heading</H1>
222	            <P>There are six levels of headings.
223	            <H2>Second level heading</H2>
224	            <P>This text appears under the second level heading

226	         Horizontal Rule

228	            <HR>

230	            Inserts a horizontal rule that spans the width of the
231	            document. Example:

233	            <HR>
234	            <ADDRESS>February 8, 1995, CERN</ADDRESS>
235	            </BODY>

237	         HTML Identifier

239	            <HTML> ... </HTML>

241	            An HTML document begins with an <HTML> tag and ends with
242	            the </HTML> tag.

244	         Line Break

246	            <BR>

248	            Forces a line break:

250	            Name<BR>
251	            Street address<BR>
252	            City, State Zip

254	         Paragraph
255	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

257	            <P> ... </P>

259	            <H1>This Heading Precedes the Paragraph</H1>
260	            <P>This is the text of the first paragraph.
261	            <P>This is the text of the second paragraph. Although
262	            you do not need to start paragraphs on new lines,
263	            maintaining this convention facilitates document
264	            maintenance.
265	            <P>This is the text of a third paragraph.

267	         Preformatted Text

269	            <PRE> ... </PRE>

271	            <PRE WIDTH="80">
272	            This is an example of preformatted text.
273	            </PRE>

275	         Title

277	            <TITLE> ... </TITLE>

279	            <TITLE>Title of document</TITLE>

281	       1.1.4 List Elements

283	         Definition List

285	            <DL> ... <DT>term<DD>definition... </DL>

287	            <DL>
288	            <DT>Term<DD>This is the first definition.
289	            <DT>Term<DD>This is the second definition.
290	            </DL>

292	         Directory List

294	            <DIR> ... <LI>List item... </DIR>

296	            <DIR>
297	            <LI>A-H<LI>I-M
298	            <LI>M-R<LI>S-Z
299	            </DIR>

301	         Menu List

303	            <MENU> ... <LI>List item... </MENU>

305	            <MENU>
306	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

308	            <LI>First item in the list.
309	            <LI>Second item in the list.
310	            <LI>Third item in the list.
311	            </MENU>

313	         Ordered List

315	            <OL> ... <LI>List item... </OL>

317	            <OL>
318	            <LI>Click the Web button to open the Open the URL
319	            window.
320	            <LI>Enter the URL number in the text field of the Open
321	            URL window. The Web document you specified is displayed.
322	            <LI>Click highlighted text to move from one link to
323	            another.
324	            </OL>

326	         Unordered List

328	            <UL> ... <LI>List item... </UL>

330	            <UL>
331	            <LI>This is the first item in the list.
332	            <LI>This is the second item in the list.
333	            <LI>This is the third item in the list.
334	            </UL>

336	       1.1.5 Information Type and Character Formatting Elements

338	         Bold

340	            <B> ... </B>

342	            Suggests the rendering of the text in boldface. If
343	            boldface is not available, alternative mapping is
344	            allowed.

346	         Citation

348	            <CITE> ... </CITE>

350	            Specifies a citation; typically rendered as italic.

352	         Code

354	            <CODE> ... </CODE>

356	            Indicates an inline example of code; typically rendered
357	            as monospaced.. Do not confuse with the <PRE> tag.

359	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

361	         Emphasis

363	            <EM> ... </EM>

365	            Provides typographic emphasis; typically rendered as
366	            italics.

368	         Italics

370	            <I> ... </I>

372	            Suggests the rendering of text in italic font, or
373	            slanted if italic is not available.

375	         Keyboard

377	            <KBD> ... </KBD>

379	            Indicates text typed by a user; typically rendered as
380	            monospaced.

382	         Sample

384	            <SAMP> ... </SAMP>

386	            Indicates a sequence of literal characters; typically
387	            rendered as monospaced..

389	         Strong

391	            <STRONG> ... </STRONG>

393	            Provides strong typographic emphasis; typically rendered
394	            as bold.

396	         Typetype

398	            <TT> ... </TT>

400	            Specifies that the text be rendered in fixed-width font.

402	         Variable

404	            <VAR> ... </VAR>

406	            Indicates a variable name; typically rendered as italic.

408	       1.1.6 Image Element
409	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

411	         Image

413	            <IMG>

415	            Inserts the referenced graphic image into the document
416	            at the location where the element occurs.

418	            Example:

420	            <IMG SRC ="triangle.gif" ALT="Warning:"> Be sure to read
421	            these instructions.

423	      1.1.7 Form Elements

425	         Form

427	            <FORM> ... </FORM>

429	            The Form element contains nested elements (described
430	            below) which define user input controls and allow
431	            descriptive text to be displayed when the document is
432	            processed.

434	         Input

436	            <INPUT>

438	            Takes these attributes: ALIGN, MAXLENGTH, NAME, SIZE,
439	            SRC, TYPE, VALUE. The type attribute can define these
440	            field types: CHECKBOX, HIDDEN, IMAGE, PASSWORD, RADIO,
441	            RESET, SUBMIT, TEXT.

443	            Example:

445	            <FORM METHOD="POST" action="http://www.hal.com/sample">
446	            <P>Your name: <INPUT NAME="name" SIZE="48">
447	            <P>Male <INPUT NAME="gender" TYPE=RADIO VALUE="male">
448	            <P>Female <INPUT NAME="gender" TYPE=RADIO
449	            VALUE="female">
450	            </FORM>

452	         Option

454	            <OPTION>

456	            The Option element can only occur within a Select
457	            element. It represents one choice.

459	         Select
460	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

462	            <SELECT NAME="..." > ... </SELECT>

464	            Select provides a list of choices.

466	            <SELECT NAME="flavor">
467	            <OPTION>Vanilla
468	            <OPTION>Strawberry
469	            <OPTION>Rum and Raisin
470	            <OPTION>Peach and Orange
471	            </SELECT>

473	         Textarea

475	            <TEXTAREA> ... </TEXTAREA>

477	            Textarea defines a multi-line text entry input control.
478	            It contains the initial text contents of the control.

480	            <TEXTAREA NAME="address" ROWS=64 COLS=6>
481	            HaL Computer Systems
482	            1314 Dell Avenue
483	            Campbell California 95008
484	            </TEXTAREA>

486	      1.1.8 Character Data in HTML

488	         Representing Graphic Characters in HTML

490	         Because of the way special characters are used in
491	         marking up HTML text, character strings are used to
492	         represent the less than (<) and greater than (>) symbols
493	         and the ampersand (&) as shown in Section 2.17.1.

495	         Representing Special Characters in HTML

497	         HTML inherits both from SGML and from MIME in its description
498	         of characters and character sets. The result is a small
499	         amount of duplication of function: there are multiple ways to
500	         code characters in HTML.

502	         HTML documents are encoded in some character encoding;
503	         the character encoding may be specified, for example,
504	         by the "charset" parameter associated with the "text/html"
505	         media type.

507	         Independent of the character encoding used,
508	         HTML also allows references to any of the ISO Latin-1
509	         alphabet, using the names in the table ISO Latin-1
510	         Character Representations, which is derived from ISO
511	         Standard 8879:1986//ENTITIES Added Latin 1//EN. For
512	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

514	         details, see 2.17.2.

516	   1.2 Example HTML Document

518	      <HTML>
519	      <HEAD>
520	      <TITLE>Structural Example</TITLE>
521	      </HEAD>
522	      <BODY>
523	      <H1>First Header</H1>
524	      <P>This is a paragraph in the example HTML file.
525	      Keep in mind that the title does not appear in the
526	      document text, but that the header (defined by H1) does.
527	      <UL>
528	      <LI>First item in an unordered list.
529	      <LI>Second item in an unordered list.
530	      </UL>
531	      <P>This is an additional paragraph. Technically, end
532	      tags
533	      are not required for paragraphs, although they are
534	      allowed.
535	      You can include character highlighting in a paragraph.
536	      <I>This sentence of the paragraph is in italics.</I>
537	      <IMG SRC ="triangle.gif" alt="Warning:"> Be sure to read
538	      these instructions.
539	      </BODY>
540	      </HTML>

542	2. HTML Specification

544	   HTML has been in use by the World Wide Web (WWW) global
545	   information initiative since 1990. This specification
546	   corresponds to the legitimate capabilities of HTML in
547	   common use prior to June 1994. It is defined as an
548	   application of ISO Standard 8879:1986: Standard
549	   Generalized Markup Language (SGML). This specification
550	   is proposed as the Internet Media Type (RFC 1590) and
551	   MIME Content Type (RFC 1521) called "text/html", or
552	   "text/html; version=2.0".

554	   This specification also includes:

556	   -  5.1 SGML Declaration for HTML

558	   -  5.1.1 Sample SGML Open Style Entity Catalog for HTML

560	   -  5.2 HTML DTD

562	   This specification is currently available on the World
563	   Wide Web at URL: http://www.hal.com/%7Econnolly/html-spec
564	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

566	   Please send comments to the discussion list at: html-
567	   wg@oclc.org

569	   2.1 Levels of Conformance

571	      Version 2.0 of the HTML specification introduces forms
572	      for user input of information, and adds a distinction
573	      between levels of conformance:

575	      Level 0

577	         Indicates the minimum conformance level. When writing
578	         Level 0 documents, authors can be confident that the
579	         rendering at different sites will reflect their intent.

581	      Level 1

583	         Includes Level 0 features plus features such as
584	         highlighting and images.

586	      Level 2

588	         Includes all Level 0 and Level 1 features, plus forms.
589	         Features of higher levels, such as tables, figures, and
590	         mathematical formulae, are under discussion and are
591	         described as proposed where mentioned.

593	   2.2 Undefined Tag and Attribute Names

595	      An accepted networking principle is to be conservative
596	      in that which one produces, and liberal in that which
597	      one accepts. HTML user agents should be liberal except
598	      when verifying code. HTML generators should generate
599	      strictly conforming HTML.

601	      The behavior of HTML user agents reading HTML documents
602	      and discovering tag or attribute names which they do not
603	      understand should be to behave as though, in the case of
604	      a tag, the whole tag had not been there but its content
605	      had, or in the case of an attribute, that the attribute
606	      had not been present.

608	   2.3 Deprecated and Recommended Sections in DTDs

610	      In Section 5., optional "deprecated" and "recommended"
611	      sections are used. Conformance with this specification
612	      is defined with these sections disabled. In the liberal
613	      spirit of Section 2.2, HTML user agents reading HTML
614	      documents should accept syntax corresponding to the
615	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

617	      specification with "deprecated" turned on. HTML user
618	      agents generating HTML may in the spirit of
619	      conservation, generate documents that conform to the
620	      specification with the "recommended" sections turned on.

622	   2.4 HTML as an Internet Media Type

624	      This (and upward compatible specifications) define the Internet
625	      Media Type (RFC 1590) and MIME Content Type (RFC 1521) called
626	      "text/html".

628	      The type "text/html" accepts the following parameters:

630	      Level

632	         The level parameter specifies the feature set used in
633	         the document. The level is an integer number, implying
634	         that any features of same or lower level may be present
635	         in the document. Levels 0, 1 and 2 are defined by this
636	         specification.

638	      Version

640	         To help avoid future compatibility problems, the version
641	         parameter may be used to give the version number of the
642	         specification to which the document conforms. The
643	         version number appears at the front of this document and
644	         within the public identifier for the SGML DTD. This
645	         specification defines version 2.0.

647	      Charset

649	         The charset parameter (as defined in section 7.1.1 of
650	         RFC 1521) may be used with the text/html to specify
651	         the encoding used to represent the HTML document as
652	         a sequence of bytes. Normally, text/* media types
653	         specify a default value of US-ASCII for the charset
654	         parameter. However, for text/html, if the byte stream
655	         contains data that is not in the 7-bit US-ASCII set, the
656	         HTML interpreting agent should assume a default charset of
657	         ISO-8859-1.

659	         When an HTML document is encoded using US-ASCII,
660	         the mechanisms of numeric character references (see
661	         Section 2.16.2) and character entity references (see
662	         Section 2.16.3) may be used to encode additional characters
663	         from ISO-8859-1.

665	         Other values for the charset parameter are not defined
666	         in this specification, but may be specified in future
667	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

669	         levels or versions of HTML.

671	         It is envisioned that HTML will use the charset parameter
672	         to allow support for non-Latin characters such as
673	         Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, Japanese, rather than relying on
674	         any SGML mechanism for doing so.

676	   2.5 Understanding HTML and SGML

678	      HTML is an application of ISO Standard 8879:1986 -
679	      Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML). SGML is a
680	      system for defining structured document types, and
681	      markup languages to represent instances of those
682	      document types. The SGML declaration for HTML is given
683	      in Section 5.1. It is implicit among HTML user agents.

685	      If the HTML specification and SGML standard conflict,
686	      the SGML standard is definitive.

688	      Every SGML document has three parts:

690	      SGML declaration

692	         Binds SGML processing quantities and syntax token names
693	         to specific values. For example, the SGML declaration in
694	         the HTML DTD specifies that the string that opens an end
695	         tag is </ and the maximum length of a name is 72
696	         characters.

698	      Prologue

700	         Includes one or more document type declarations, which
701	         specify the element types, element relationships and
702	         attributes.

704	      Instance

706	         Contains the data and markup of the document.

708	      HTML refers to the document type as well as the markup
709	      language for representing instances of that document
710	      type.

712	   2.6 Working with Structured Text

714	      An HTML document is like a text file, except that some
715	      of the characters are markup. Markup (tags) define the
716	      structure of the document.

718	      To identify information as HTML, each HTML document
719	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

721	      should start with the prologue:

723	      <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML//EN//2.0">

725	      NOTE: If the body of a text/html body part does not
726	      begin with a document type declaration, an HTML user
727	      agent should infer the above document type declaration.

729	      HTML documents should also contain an <HTML> tag at the
730	      beginning of the file, after the prologue, and an
731	      </HTML> tag at the end. Within those tags, an HTML
732	      document is organized as a head and a body, much like
733	      memo or a mail message. Within the head, you can specify
734	      the title and other information about the document.
735	      Within the body, you can structure text into paragraphs
736	      and lists as well as highlighting phrases and creating
737	      links. You do this using HTML elements.

739	         NOTE: Technically, the start and end tags for HTML,
740	         Head, and Body elements are omissible; however, this is
741	         not recommended since the head/ body structure allows an
742	         implementation to determine certain properties of a
743	         document, such as the title, without parsing the entire
744	         document.

746	   2.6.1 HTML Elements

748	      In HTML documents, tags define the start and end of
749	      headings, paragraphs, lists, character highlighting and
750	      links. Most HTML elements are identified in a document
751	      as a start tag, which gives the element name and
752	      attributes, followed by the content, followed by the end
753	      tag. Start tags are delimited by < and >, and end tags
754	      are delimited by </ and >.

756	      Example:

758	      <H1>This is a Heading</H1>

760	      Some elements only have a start tag without an end tag.
761	      For example, to create a line break, you use the <BR>
762	      tag. Additionally, the end tags of some other elements,
763	      such as Paragraph (<P>), List Item (<LI>), Definition
764	      Term (<DT>), and Definition Description (<DD>) elements,
765	      may be omitted.

767	      The content of an element is a sequence of characters
768	      and nested elements. Some elements, such as anchors,
769	      cannot be nested. Anchors and character highlighting may
770	      be put inside other constructs.

772	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

774	      NOTE: The SGML declaration for HTML specifies SHORTTAG
775	      YES, which means that there are other valid syntaxes for
776	      tags, such as NET tags, <EM/.../; empty start tags, <>;
777	      and empty end tags, </>. Until support for these idioms
778	      is widely deployed, their use is strongly discouraged.

780	   2.6.2 Names

782	      A name consists of a letter followed by up to 71
783	      letters, digits, periods, or hyphens. Element names are
784	      not case sensitive, but entity names are. For example,
785	      <BLOCKQUOTE>, <BlockQuote>, and <blockquote> are
786	      equivalent, whereas &amp; is different from &AMP;.

788	      In a start tag, the element name must immediately follow
789	      the tag open delimiter <.

791	   2.6.3 Attributes

793	      In a start tag, white space and attributes are allowed
794	      between the element name and the closing delimiter. An
795	      attribute typically consists of an attribute name, an
796	      equal sign, and a value (although some attributes may be
797	      just a value). White space is allowed around the equal
798	      sign.

800	      The value of the attribute may be either:

802	      -  A string literal, delimited by single quotes or
803	         double quotes and not containing any occurrences of the
804	         delimiting character.

806	      -  A name token (a sequence of letters, digits,
807	         periods, or hyphens)

809	      In this example, A is the element name, HREF is the
810	      attribute name, and http://host/dir/file.html is the
811	      attribute value:

813	      <A HREF="http://host/dir/file.html">

815	         NOTE: Some non-SGML implementations consider any
816	         occurrence of the > character to signal the end of a
817	         tag. For compatibility with such implementations, when >
818	         appears in an attribute value, you may want to represent
819	         it with an entity or numeric character reference (see
820	         Section 2.17.1), such as: <IMG SRC="eq1.jpg" alt="a &#62;
821	         b">
822	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

824	      To put quotes inside of quotes, you may use the
825	      character representation &quot; as in:

827	      <IMG SRC="image.jpg" alt="First &quot;real&quot;
828	      example">

830	      The length of an attribute value is limited to 1024
831	      characters after replacing entity and numeric character
832	      references.

834	         NOTE: Some non-SGML implementations allow any character
835	         except space or > in a name token. Attributes values
836	         must be quoted only if they don't satisfy the syntax for
837	         a name token.

839	      Attributes with a declared value of NAME, such as ISMAP
840	      and COMPACT, may be written using a minimized syntax.
841	      The markup:

843	         <UL COMPACT="compact">

845	      can be written using a minimized syntax:

847	         <UL COMPACT>

849	         NOTE: Some non-SGML implementations only understand the
850	         minimized syntax.

852	   2.6.4 Special Characters

854	      Characters that are used to represent markup (such as
855	      ampersand (&), lesser (<) and greater (>)) should themselves
856	      be represented by markup, using either entity or numeric
857	      character references. For more information, see
858	      Section 2.16.

860	   2.6.5 Comments

862	      To include comments in an HTML document that will be
863	      ignored by the HTML user agent, surround them with <!--
864	      and -->. After the comment delimiter, all text up to the
865	      next occurrence of --> is ignored. Hence comments cannot
866	      be nested. White space is allowed between the closing --
867	      and >, but not between the opening <! and --.

869	      For example:

871	      <HEAD>
872	      <TITLE>HTML Guide: Recommended Usage</TITLE>
873	      <!-- Id: Text.html,v 1.6 1994/04/25 17:33:48 connolly Exp -->
874	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

876	      </HEAD>

878	      NOTE: Some historical HTML user agents incorrectly
879	      consider a > sign to terminate a comment.

881	   2.7 The Head Element and Related Elements

883	      Only certain elements are allowed in the head of an HTML
884	      document. Elements that may be included in the head of a
885	      document are:

887	      2.7.1 Head

889	         <HEAD> ... </HEAD>

891	         Level 0

893	         The head of an HTML document is an unordered collection
894	         of information about the document. It requires the Title
895	         element between <HEAD> and </HEAD> tags in this format:

897	         <HEAD>
898	         <TITLE>Introduction to HTML</TITLE>
899	         </HEAD>

901	       2.7.2 Base

903	         Level 0

905	         The Base element allows the URL of the document itself
906	         to be recorded in situations in which the document may
907	         be read out of context. URLs within the document may be
908	         in a "partial" form relative to this base address.

910	         Where the base address is not specified, the HTML user
911	         agent uses the URL it used to access the document to
912	         resolve any relative URLs.

914	         The Base element has one attribute, HREF, which
915	         identifies the URL.

917	      2.7.3 Isindex

919	         Level 0

921	         The Isindex element tells the HTML user agent that the
922	         document is an index document. As well as reading it,
923	         the reader may use a keyword search.

925	         The document can be queried with a keyword search by
926	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

928	         adding a question mark to the end of the document
929	         address, followed by a list of keywords separated by
930	         plus signs.

932	         NOTE: The Isindex element is usually generated
933	         automatically by a server. If added manually to an HTML
934	         document, the HTML user agent assumes that the server
935	         can handle a search on the document. To use the Isindex
936	         element, the server must have a search engine that
937	         supports this element.

939	      2.7.4 Link

941	         Level 1

943	         The Link element indicates a relationship between the
944	         document and some other object. A document may have any
945	         number of Link elements.

947	         The Link element is empty (does not have a closing tag),
948	         but takes the same attributes as the Anchor element.

950	         Typical uses are to indicate authorship, related indexes
951	         and glossaries, older or more recent versions, etc.
952	         Links can indicate a static tree structure in which the
953	         document was authored by pointing to a "parent" and
954	         "next" and "previous" document, for example.

956	         Servers may also allow links to be added by those who do
957	         not have the right to alter the body of a document.

959	      2.7.5 Nextid

961	         Level 0

963	         The Nextid element is a parameter read by and generated
964	         by text editing software to create unique identifiers.
965	         This tag takes a single attribute which is the next
966	         document-wide alpha-numeric identifier to be allocated
967	         of the form z123:

969	         <NEXTID N=Z27>

971	         When modifying a document, existing anchor identifiers
972	         should not be reused, as these identifiers may be
973	         referenced by other documents. Human writers of HTML
974	         usually use mnemonic alphabetical identifiers.

976	         HTML user agents may ignore the Nextid element. Support
977	         for the Nextid element does not impact HTML user agents
978	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

980	         in any way.

982	      2.7.6 Title

984	         <TITLE> ... </TITLE>

986	         Level 0

988	         Every HTML document must contain a Title element. The
989	         title should identify the contents of the document in a
990	         global context, and may be used in a history lists and
991	         as a label for the window displaying the document.
992	         Unlike headings, titles are not typically rendered in
993	         the text of a document itself.

995	         The Title element must occur within the head of the
996	         document, and may not contain anchors, paragraph tags,
997	         or highlighting. Only one title is allowed in a
998	         document.

1000	         NOTE: The length of a title is not limited; however,
1001	         long titles may be truncated in some applications. To
1002	         minimize this possibility, titles should be fewer than
1003	         64 characters. Also keep in mind that a short title,
1004	         such as Introduction, may be meaningless out of context.
1005	         An example of a meaningful title might be "Introduction
1006	         to HTML Elements."

1008	      2.7.7 Meta

1010	         Level 1

1012	         The Meta element is used within the Head element to
1013	         embed document meta-information not defined by other
1014	         HTML elements. Such information can be extracted by
1015	         servers/clients for use in identifying, indexing, and
1016	         cataloging specialized document meta-information.

1018	         Although it is generally preferable to use named
1019	         elements that have well-defined semantics for each type
1020	         of meta-information, such as a title, this element is
1021	         provided for situations where strict SGML parsing is
1022	         necessary and the local DTD is not extensible.

1024	         In addition, HTTP servers can read the content of the
1025	         document head to generate response headers corresponding
1026	         to any elements defining a value for the attribute HTTP-
1027	         EQUIV. This provides document authors a mechanism (not
1028	         necessarily the preferred one) for identifying
1029	         information that should be included in the response
1030	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

1032	         headers for an HTTP request.

1034	         Attributes of the Meta element:

1036	         HTTP-EQUIV

1038	            This attribute binds the element to an HTTP response
1039	            header. If the semantics of the HTTP response header
1040	            named by this attribute is known, then the contents can
1041	            be processed based on a well-defined syntactic mapping
1042	            whether or not the DTD includes anything about it. HTTP
1043	            header names are not case sensitive. If not present, the
1044	            NAME attribute should be used to identify this meta-
1045	            information and it should not be used within an HTTP
1046	            response header.

1048	         NAME

1050	            Meta-information name. If the NAME attribute is not
1051	            present, the name can be assumed equal to the value of
1052	            HTTP-EQUIV.

1054	         CONTENT

1056	            The meta-information content to be associated with the
1057	            given name and/or HTTP response header.

1059	         Examples

1061	         If the document contains:

1063	         <META HTTP-EQUIV="Expires" CONTENT="Tue, 04 Dec 1993 21:29:02
1064	         GMT">
1065	         <META HTTP-EQUIV="Keywords" CONTENT="Fred, Barney">
1066	         <META HTTP-EQUIV="Reply-
1067	         to" content="fielding@ics.uci.edu (Roy Fielding)">

1069	         Expires: Tue, 04 Dec 1993 21:29:02 GMT
1070	         Keywords: Fred, Barney
1071	         Reply-to: fielding@ics.uci.edu (Roy Fielding)

1073	         When the HTTP-EQUIV attribute is not present, the server
1074	         should not generate an HTTP response header for this
1075	         meta-information; e.g.,

1077	         <META NAME="IndexType" CONTENT="Service">

1079	         Do not use the Meta element to define information that
1080	         should be associated with an existing HTML element.

1082	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

1084	         Example of an inappropriate use of the Meta element:

1086	         <META NAME="Title" CONTENT="The Etymology of Dunsel">

1088	         Do not name an HTTP-EQUIV equal to a response header
1089	         that should typically only be generated by the HTTP
1090	         server. Some inappropriate names are "Server", "Date",
1091	         and "Last-modified". Whether a name is inappropriate
1092	         depends on the particular server implementation. It is
1093	         recommended that servers ignore any Meta elements that
1094	         specify HTTP-equivalents equal (case-insensitively) to
1095	         their own reserved response headers.

1097	   2.8 The Body Element and Related Elements

1099	      The following elements may be included in the body of an
1100	      HTML document:

1102	      2.8.1 Body

1104	         <BODY> ... </BODY>

1106	         Level 0

1108	         The Body element identifies the body component of an
1109	         HTML document. Specifically, the body of a document may
1110	         contain links, text, and formatting information within
1111	         <BODY> and </BODY> tags.

1113	      2.8.2 Address

1115	         <ADDRESS> ... </ADDRESS>

1117	         Level 0

1119	         The Address element specifies such information as
1120	         address, signature and authorship, often at the top or
1121	         bottom of a document.

1123	         Typically, an Address is rendered in an italic typeface
1124	         and may be indented. The Address element implies a
1125	         paragraph break before and after.

1127	         Example of use:

1129	         <ADDRESS>
1130	         Newsletter editor<BR>
1131	         J.R. Brown<BR>
1132	         JimquickPost News, Jumquick, CT 01234<BR>
1133	         Tel (123) 456 7890
1134	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

1136	         </ADDRESS>

1138	      2.8.3 Anchor

1140	         <A> ... </A>

1142	         Level 0

1144	         An anchor is a marked text that is the start and/or
1145	         destination of a hypertext link. Anchor elements are
1146	         defined by the <A> tag. The <A> tag accepts several
1147	         attributes, but either the NAME or HREF attribute is
1148	         required.

1150	         Attributes of the <A> tag:

1152	         HREF

1154	            Level 0

1156	            If the HREF attribute is present, the text between the
1157	            opening and closing anchor tags becomes hypertext. If
1158	            this hypertext is selected by readers, they are moved to
1159	            another document, or to a different location in the
1160	            current document, whose network address is defined by
1161	            the value of the HREF attribute.

1163	            Example:

1165	            See <A HREF="http://www.hal.com/">HaL</A>'s information
1166	            for more details.

1168	            In this example, selecting "HaL" takes the reader to a
1169	            document at http://www.hal.com. The format of the
1170	            network address is specified in the URI specification
1171	            for print readers.

1173	            With the HREF attribute, the form HREF="#identifier" can
1174	            refer to another anchor in the same document.

1176	            Example:

1178	            The <A HREF="document.html#glossary">glossary</A>
1179	            defines terms used in this document.

1181	            In this example, selecting "glossary" takes the reader
1182	            to another anchor (i.e., <A
1183	            NAME="glossary">Glossary</A>) in the same document
1184	            (document.html). The NAME attribute is described below.
1185	            If the anchor is in another document, the HREF attribute
1186	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

1188	            may be relative to the document's address or the
1189	            specified base address (see 2.7.2 Base).

1191	         NAME

1193	            Level 0

1195	            If present, the NAME attribute allows the anchor to be
1196	            the target of a link. The value of the NAME attribute is
1197	            an identifier for the anchor. Identifiers are arbitrary
1198	            strings but must be unique within the HTML document.

1200	            Example of use:

1202	            <A NAME="coffee">Coffee</A> is an example of ...
1203	            ...
1204	            An example of this is <A HREF="#coffee">coffee</A>.

1206	            Another document can then make a reference explicitly to
1207	            this anchor by putting the identifier after the address,
1208	            separated by a hash sign:

1210	            <A NAME="drinks.html#coffee">

1212	         TITLE

1214	            Level 1

1216	            The TITLE attribute is informational only. If present,
1217	            the TITLE attribute should provide the title of the
1218	            document whose address is given by the HREF attribute.

1220	            The TITLE attribute is useful for at least two reasons.
1221	            The HTML user agent may display the title of the
1222	            document prior to retrieving it, for example, as a
1223	            margin note or on a small box while the mouse is over
1224	            the anchor, or while the document is being loaded.
1225	            Another reason is that documents that are not marked up
1226	            text, such as graphics, plain text and Gopher menus, do
1227	            not have titles. The TITLE attribute can be used to
1228	            provide a title to such documents. When using the TITLE
1229	            attribute, the title should be valid and unique for the
1230	            destination document.

1232	         REL

1234	            Level 1

1236	            The REL attribute gives the relationship(s) described by
1237	            the hypertext link from the anchor to the target. The
1238	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

1240	            value is a comma-separated list of relationship values.
1241	            Values and their semantics will be registered by the
1242	            HTML registration authority. The default relationship if
1243	            none other is given is void. The REL attribute is only
1244	            used when the HREF attribute is present.

1246	         REV

1248	            Level 1

1250	            The REV attribute is the same as the REL attribute, but
1251	            the semantics of the link type are in the reverse
1252	            direction. A link from A to B with REL="X" expresses the
1253	            same relationship as a link from B to A with REV="X". An
1254	            anchor may have both REL and REV attributes.

1256	         URN

1258	            Level 1

1260	            If present, the URN attribute specifies a uniform
1261	            resource name (URN) for a target document. The format of
1262	            URNs is under discussion (1994) by various working
1263	            groups of the Internet Engineering Task Force.

1265	         METHODS

1267	            The METHODS attributes of anchors and links provide
1268	            information about the functions that the user may
1269	            perform on an object. These are more accurately given by
1270	            the HTTP protocol when it is used, but it may, for
1271	            similar reasons as for the TITLE attribute, be useful to
1272	            include the information in advance in the link. For
1273	            example, the HTML user agent may chose a different
1274	            rendering as a function of the methods allowed; for
1275	            example, something that is searchable may get a
1276	            different icon.

1278	            The value of the METHODS attribute is a comma separated
1279	            list of HTTP methods supported by the object for public
1280	            use.

1282	            See also: 2.7.4 Link

1284	      2.8.4 Blockquote

1286	         <BLOCKQUOTE> ... </BLOCKQUOTE>

1288	         Level 0
1289	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

1291	         The Blockquote element is used to contain text quoted
1292	         from another source.

1294	         A typical rendering might be a slight extra left and
1295	         right indent, and/or italic font. The Blockquote element
1296	         causes a paragraph break, and typically provides space
1297	         above and below the quote.

1299	         Single-font rendition may reflect the quotation style of
1300	         Internet mail by putting a vertical line of graphic
1301	         characters, such as the greater than symbol (>), in the
1302	         left margin.

1304	         Example of use:

1306	         I think the poem ends
1307	         <BLOCKQUOTE>
1308	         <P>Soft you now, the fair Ophelia. Nymph,
1309	         in thy orisons, be all my sins remembered.
1310	         </BLOCKQUOTE>
1311	         but I am not sure.

1313	      2.8.5 Headings

1315	         <H1> ... </H1> through <H6> ... </H6>

1317	         Level 0

1319	         HTML defines six levels of heading. A Heading element
1320	         implies all the font changes, paragraph breaks before
1321	         and after, and white space necessary to render the
1322	         heading.

1324	         The highest level of headings is H1, followed by H2 ...
1325	         H6.

1327	         Example of use:

1329	         <H1>This is a heading</H1>
1330	         Here is some text
1331	         <H2>Second level heading</H2>
1332	         Here is some more text.

1334	         The rendering of headings is determined by the HTML user
1335	         agent, but typical renderings are:

1337	         <H1> ... </H1>

1339	            Bold, very-large font, centered. One or two blank lines
1340	            above and below.

1342	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

1344	         <H2> ... </H2>

1346	            Bold, large font, flush-left. One or two blank lines
1347	            above and below.

1349	         <H3> ... </H3>

1351	            Italic, large font, slightly indented from the left
1352	            margin. One or two blank lines above and below.

1354	         <H4> ... </H4>

1356	            Bold, normal font, indented more than H3. One blank line
1357	            above and below.

1359	         <H5> ... </H5>

1361	            Italic, normal font, indented as H4. One blank line
1362	            above.

1364	         <H6> ... </H6>

1366	            Bold, indented same as normal text, more than H5. One
1367	            blank line above.

1369	         Although heading levels can be skipped (for example,
1370	         from H1 to H3), this practice is discouraged as skipping
1371	         heading levels may produce unpredictable results when
1372	         generating other representations from HTML.

1374	   2.9 Overview of Character-Level Elements

1376	      Level 2 (all elements)

1378	      Character-level elements are used to specify either the
1379	      logical meaning or the physical appearance of marked
1380	      text without causing a paragraph break. Like most other
1381	      elements, character-level elements include both opening
1382	      and closing tags. Only the characters between the tags
1383	      are affected:

1385	      This is <EM>emphasized</EM> text.

1387	      Character-level tags may be ignored by minimal HTML
1388	      applications.

1390	      Character-level tags are interpreted from left to right
1391	      as they appear in the flow of text. Level 1 HTML user
1392	      agents must render highlighted text distinctly from
1393	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

1395	      plain text. Additionally, EM content must be rendered as
1396	      distinct from STRONG content, and B content must
1397	      rendered as distinct from I content.

1399	      Character-level elements may be nested within the
1400	      content of other character-level elements; however, HTML
1401	      user agents are not required to render nested character-
1402	      level elements distinctly from non-nested elements:

1404	      plain <B>bold <I>italic</I></B>
1405	      may the rendered the same as
1406	      plain <B>bold </B><I>italic</I>

1408	      Note that typical renderings for information type
1409	      elements vary between applications. If a specific
1410	      rendering is necessary, for example, when referring to a
1411	      specific text attribute as in "The italic parts are
1412	      mandatory", a formating element can be used to ensure
1413	      that the intended rendered is used where possible.

1415	   2.10 Information Type Elements

1417	      Note that different information type elements may be
1418	      rendered in the same way.

1420	      2.10.1 Citation

1422	         <CITE>...</CITE>

1424	         The Citation element specifies a citation; typically
1425	         rendered as italics.

1427	      2.10.2 Code

1429	         <CODE> ... </CODE>

1431	         The Code element indicates an example of code; typically
1432	         rendered as monospaced . Do not confuse with the
1433	         Preformatted Text element.

1435	      2.10.3 Emphasis

1437	         <EM> ... </EM>

1439	         The Emphasis element indicates typographic emphasis,
1440	         typically rendered as italics.

1442	      2.10.4 Keyboard

1444	         <KBD> ... </KBD>
1445	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

1447	         The Keyboard element indicates text typed by a user;
1448	         typically rendered as monospaced . It might commonly be
1449	         used in an instruction manual.

1451	      2.10.5 Sample

1453	         <SAMP> ... </SAMP>

1455	         The Sample element indicates a sequence of literal
1456	         characters; typically rendered as  monospaced.

1458	      2.10.6 Strong

1460	         <STRONG> ... </STRONG>

1462	         The Strong element indicates strong typographic
1463	         emphasis, typically rendered in bold.

1465	      2.10.7 Variable

1467	         <VAR> ... </VAR>

1469	         The Variable element indicates a variable name;
1470	         typically rendered as italic.

1472	   2.11 Character Format Elements

1474	      Character format elements are used to specify the format
1475	      of marked text. Example of use:

1477	      2.11.1 Bold

1479	         <B> ... </B>

1481	         The Bold element specifies that the text should be
1482	         rendered in boldface, where available. Otherwise,
1483	         alternative mapping is allowed.

1485	      2.11.2 Italic

1487	         <I> ... </I>

1489	         The Italic element specifies that the text should be
1490	         rendered in italic font, where available. Otherwise,
1491	         alternative mapping is allowed.

1493	      2.11.3 Teletype

1495	         <TT> ... </TT>
1496	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

1498	         The Teletype element specifies that the text should be
1499	         rendered in fixed-width typewriter font.

1501	   2.12 Image Element

1503	      <IMG>

1505	      Level 0

1507	      The Image element is used to incorporate in-line
1508	      graphics (typically icons or small graphics) into an
1509	      HTML document. This element cannot be used for embedding
1510	      other HTML text.

1512	      HTML user agents that cannot render in-line images
1513	      ignore the Image element unless it contains the ALT
1514	      attribute. Note that some HTML user agents can render
1515	      linked graphics but not in-line graphics. If a graphic
1516	      is essential, you may want to create a link to it rather
1517	      than to put it in-line. If the graphic is not essential,
1518	      then the Image element is appropriate.

1520	      The Image element, which is empty (no closing tag), has
1521	      these attributes:

1523	      ALIGN

1525	         The ALIGN attribute accepts the values TOP or MIDDLE or
1526	         BOTTOM, which specifies if the following line of text is
1527	         aligned with the top, middle, or bottom of the graphic.

1529	      ALT

1531	         Optional text as an alternative to the graphic for
1532	         rendering in non-graphical environments. Alternate text
1533	         should be provided whenever the graphic is not rendered.
1534	         Alternate text is mandatory for Level 0 documents.
1535	         Example of use:

1537	         <IMG SRC="triangle.gif" ALT="Warning:"> Be sure to read
1538	         these instructions.

1540	      ISMAP

1542	         The ISMAP (is map) attribute identifies an image as an
1543	         image map. Image maps are graphics in which certain
1544	         regions are mapped to URLs. By clicking on different
1545	         regions, different resources can be accessed from the
1546	         same graphic. Example of use:

1548	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

1550	         <A HREF="http://machine/htbin/imagemap/sample">
1551	         <IMG SRC="sample.gif" ISMAP>
1552	         </A>

1554	      SRC

1556	         The value of the SRC attribute is the URL of the
1557	         document to be embedded; only images can be embedded,
1558	         not HTML text. Its syntax is the same as that of the
1559	         HREF attribute of the <A> tag. SRC is mandatory. Image
1560	         elements are allowed within anchors.

1562	         Example of use:

1564	         <IMG SRC ="triangle.gif">Be sure to read these
1565	         instructions.

1567	   2.13 List Elements

1569	      HTML supports several types of lists, all of which may
1570	      be nested.

1572	      2.13.1 Definition List

1574	         <DL> ... </DL>

1576	         Level 0

1578	         A definition list is a list of terms and corresponding
1579	         definitions. Definition lists are typically formatted
1580	         with the term flush-left and the definition, formatted
1581	         paragraph style, indented after the term.

1583	         Example of use:

1585	         <DL>
1586	         <DT>Term<DD>This is the definition of the first term.
1587	         <DT>Term<DD>This is the definition of the second term.
1588	         </DL>

1590	         If the DT term does not fit in the DT column (one third
1591	         of the display area), it may be extended across the page
1592	         with the DD section moved to the next line, or it may be
1593	         wrapped onto successive lines of the left hand column.

1595	         Single occurrences of a <DT> tag without a subsequent
1596	         <DD> tag are allowed, and have the same significance as
1597	         if the <DD> tag had been present with no text.

1599	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

1601	         The opening list tag must be <DL> and must be
1602	         immediately followed by the first term (<DT>).

1604	         The definition list type can take the COMPACT attribute,
1605	         which suggests that a compact rendering be used, because
1606	         the list items are small and/or the entire list is
1607	         large.

1609	         Unless you provide the COMPACT attribute, the HTML user
1610	         agent may leave white space between successive DT, DD
1611	         pairs.The COMPACT attribute may also reduce the width of
1612	         the left-hand (DT) column.

1614	         If using the COMPACT attribute, the opening list tag
1615	         must be <DL COMPACT>, which must be immediately followed
1616	         by the first <DT> tag:

1618	         <DL COMPACT>
1619	         <DT>Term<DD>This is the first definition in compact format.
1620	         <DT>Term<DD>This is the second definition in compact format.
1621	         </DL>

1623	      2.13.2 Directory List

1625	         <DIR> ... </DIR>

1627	         Level 0

1629	         A Directory List element is used to present a list of
1630	         items containing up to 20 characters each. Items in a
1631	         directory list may be arranged in columns, typically 24
1632	         characters wide. If the HTML user agent can optimize the
1633	         column width as function of the widths of individual
1634	         elements, so much the better.

1636	         A directory list must begin with the <DIR> tag which is
1637	         immediately followed by a <LI> (list item) tag:

1639	         <DIR>
1640	         <LI>A-H<LI>I-M
1641	         <LI>M-R<LI>S-Z
1642	         </DIR>

1644	      2.13.3 Menu List

1646	         <MENU> ... </MENU>

1648	         Level 0

1650	         A menu list is a list of items with typically one line
1651	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

1653	         per item. The menu list style is more compact than the
1654	         style of an unordered list.

1656	         A menu list must begin with a <MENU> tag which is
1657	         immediately followed by a <LI> (list item) tag:

1659	         <MENU>
1660	         <LI>First item in the list.
1661	         <LI>Second item in the list.
1662	         <LI>Third item in the list.
1663	         </MENU>

1665	      2.13.4 Ordered List

1667	         <OL> ... </OL>

1669	         Level 0

1671	         The Ordered List element is used to present a numbered
1672	         list of items, sorted by sequence or order of
1673	         importance.

1675	         An ordered list must begin with the <OL> tag which is
1676	         immediately followed by a <LI> (list item) tag:

1678	         <OL>
1679	         <LI>Click the Web button to open the Open the URL window.
1680	         <LI>Enter the URL number in the text field of the Open URL
1681	         window. The Web document you specified is displayed.
1682	         <LI>Click highlighted text to move from one link to another.
1683	         </OL>

1685	         The Ordered List element can take the COMPACT attribute,
1686	         which suggests that a compact rendering be used.

1688	      2.13.5 Unordered List

1690	         <UL> ... </UL>

1692	         Level 0

1694	         The Unordered List element is used to present a list of
1695	         items which is typically separated by white space and/or
1696	         marked by bullets.

1698	         An unordered list must begin with the <UL> tag which is
1699	         immediately followed by a <LI> (list item) tag:

1701	         <UL>
1702	         <LI>First list item
1703	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

1705	         <LI>Second list item
1706	         <LI>Third list item
1707	         </UL>

1709	   2.14 Other Elements

1711	      2.14.1 Paragraph

1713	         <P>

1715	         Level 0

1717	         The Paragraph element indicates a paragraph. The exact
1718	         indentation, leading, etc. of a paragraph is not defined
1719	         and may be a function of other tags, style sheets, etc.

1721	         Typically, paragraphs are surrounded by a vertical space
1722	         of one line or half a line. This is typically not the
1723	         case within the Address element and or is never the case
1724	         within the Preformatted Text element. With some HTML
1725	         user agents, the first line in a paragraph is indented.

1727	         Example of use:

1729	         <H1>This Heading Precedes the Paragraph</H1>
1730	         <P>This is the text of the first paragraph.
1731	         <P>This is the text of the second paragraph. Although you
1732	         do not need to start paragraphs on new lines, maintaining
1733	         this convention facilitates document maintenance.
1734	         <P>This is the text of a third paragraph.

1736	      2.14.2 Preformatted Text

1738	         <PRE> ... </PRE>

1740	         Level 0

1742	         The Preformatted Text element presents blocks of text in
1743	         fixed-width font, and so is suitable for text that has
1744	         been formatted on screen.

1746	         The <PRE> tag may be used with the optional WIDTH
1747	         attribute, which is a Level 1 feature. The WIDTH
1748	         attribute specifies the maximum number of characters for
1749	         a line and allows the HTML user agent to select a
1750	         suitable font and indentation. If the WIDTH attribute is
1751	         not present, a width of 80 characters is assumed. Where
1752	         the WIDTH attribute is supported, widths of 40, 80 and
1753	         132 characters should be presented optimally, with other
1754	         widths being rounded up.

1756	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

1758	         Within preformatted text:

1760	         -  Line breaks within the text are rendered as a move
1761	            to the beginning of the next line.

1763	         -  The <P> tag should not be used. If found, it should
1764	            be rendered as a move to the beginning of the next line.

1766	         -  Anchor elements and character highlighting elements
1767	            may be used.

1769	         -  Elements that define paragraph formatting
1770	            (headings, address, etc.) must not be used.

1772	         -  The horizontal tab character (encoded in US-ASCII
1773	            and ISO-8859-1 as decimal 9) must be
1774	            interpreted as the smallest positive nonzero number of
1775	            spaces which will leave the number of characters so far
1776	            on the line as a multiple of 8. Its use is not
1777	            recommended however.

1779	         NOTE: References to the "beginning of a new line" do not
1780	         imply that the renderer is forbidden from using a
1781	         constant left indent for rendering preformatted text.
1782	         The left indent may be constrained by the width
1783	         required.

1785	         Example of use:

1787	         <PRE WIDTH="80">

1789	         This is an example line.

1791	         </PRE>

1793	         NOTE: Within a Preformatted Text element, the constraint
1794	         that the rendering must be on a fixed horizontal
1795	         character pitch may limit or prevent the ability of the
1796	         HTML user agent to render highlighting elements
1797	         specially.

1799	      2.14.3 Line Break

1801	         <BR>

1803	         Level 0

1805	         The Line Break element specifies that a new line must be
1806	         started at the given point. A new line indents the same
1807	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

1809	         as that of line-wrapped text.

1811	         Example of use:

1813	         <P>
1814	         Pease porridge hot<BR>
1815	         Pease porridge cold<BR>
1816	         Pease porridge in the pot<BR>
1817	         Nine days old.

1819	      2.14.4 Horizontal Rule

1821	         <HR>

1823	         Level 0

1825	         A Horizontal Rule element is a divider between sections
1826	         of text such as a full width horizontal rule or
1827	         equivalent graphic.

1829	         Example of use:

1831	         <HR>
1832	         <ADDRESS>February 8, 1995, CERN</ADDRESS>
1833	         </BODY>

1835	   2.15 Form Elements

1837	      Forms are created by placing input fields within
1838	      paragraphs, preformatted/literal text, and lists. This
1839	      gives considerable flexibility in designing the layout
1840	      of forms.

1842	      The following elements (all are HTML 2 features) are
1843	      used to create forms:

1845	         FORM

1847	            A form within a document.

1849	         INPUT

1851	            One input field.

1853	         OPTION

1855	            One option within a Select element.

1857	         SELECT
1858	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

1860	            A selection from a finite set of options.

1862	         TEXTAREA

1864	            A multi-line input field.

1866	      Each variable field is defined by an Input, Textarea, or
1867	      Option element and must have an NAME attribute to
1868	      identify its value in the data returned when the form is
1869	      submitted.

1871	      Example of use (a questionnaire form):

1873	         <H1>Sample Questionnaire</H1>
1874	         <P>Please fill out this questionnaire:
1875	         <FORM METHOD="POST" ACTION="http://www.hal.com/sample">
1876	         <P>Your name: <INPUT NAME="name" size="48">
1877	         <P>Male <INPUT NAME="gender" TYPE=RADIO VALUE="male">
1878	         <P>Female <INPUT NAME="gender" TYPE=RADIO VALUE="female">
1879	         <P>Number in family: <INPUT NAME="family" TYPE=text>
1880	         <P>Cities in which you maintain a residence:
1881	         <UL>
1882	         <LI>Kent <INPUT NAME="city" TYPE=checkbox VALUE="kent">
1883	         <LI>Miami <INPUT NAME="city" TYPE=checkbox VALUE="miami">
1884	         <LI>Other <TEXTAREA NAME="other" cols=48 rows=4></textarea>
1885	         </UL>
1886	         Nickname: <INPUT NAME="nickname" SIZE="42">
1887	         <P>Thank you for responding to this questionnaire.
1888	         <P><INPUT TYPE=SUBMIT> <INPUT TYPE=RESET>
1889	         </FORM>

1891	      In the example above, the <P> and <UL> tags have been
1892	      used to lay out the text and input fields. The HTML user
1893	      agent is responsible for handling which field will
1894	      currently get keyboard input.

1896	      Many platforms have existing conventions for forms, for
1897	      example, using Tab and Shift keys to move the keyboard
1898	      focus forwards and backwards between fields, and using
1899	      the Enter key to submit the form. In the example, the
1900	      SUBMIT and RESET buttons are specified explicitly with
1901	      special purpose fields. The SUBMIT button is used to e-
1902	      mail the form or send its contents to the server as
1903	      specified by the ACTION attribute, while RESET resets
1904	      the fields to their initial values. When the form
1905	      consists of a single text field, it may be appropriate
1906	      to leave such buttons out and rely on the Enter key.

1908	      The Input element is used for a large variety of types
1909	      of input fields.

1911	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

1913	      To let users enter more than one line of text, use the
1914	      Textarea element.

1916	      2.15.1 Representing Choices

1918	         The radio button and checkbox types of input field can
1919	         be used to specify multiple choice forms in which every
1920	         alternative is visible as part of the form. An
1921	         alternative is to use the Select element which is
1922	         typically rendered in a more compact fashion as a pull
1923	         down combo list.

1925	      2.15.2 Form

1927	         <FORM> ... </FORM>

1929	         Level 2

1931	         The Form element is used to delimit a data input form.
1932	         There can be several forms in a single document, but the
1933	         Form element can't be nested.

1935	         The ACTION attribute is a URL specifying the location to
1936	         which the contents of the form is submitted to elicit a
1937	         response. If the ACTION attribute is missing, the URL of
1938	         the document itself is assumed. The way data is
1939	         submitted varies with the access protocol of the URL,
1940	         and with the values of the METHOD and ENCTYPE
1941	         attributes.

1943	         In general:

1945	         -  the METHOD attribute selects variations in the
1946	            protocol.

1948	         -  the ENCTYPE attribute specifies the format of the
1949	            submitted data in case the protocol does not impose a
1950	            format itself.

1952	         The Level 2 specification defines and requires support
1953	         for the HTTP access protocol only.

1955	         When the ACTION attribute is set to an HTTP URL, the
1956	         METHOD attribute must be set to an HTTP method as
1957	         defined by the HTTP method specification in the IETF
1958	         draft HTTP standard. The default METHOD is GET, although
1959	         for many applications, the POST method may be preferred.
1960	         With the post method, the ENCTYPE attribute is a MIME
1961	         type specifying the format of the posted data; by
1962	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

1964	         default, is application/x-www-form-urlencoded.

1966	         Under any protocol, the submitted contents of the form
1967	         logically consist of name/value pairs. The names are
1968	         usually equal to the NAME attributes of the various
1969	         interactive elements in the form.

1971	         NOTE: The names are not guaranteed to be unique keys,
1972	         nor are the names of form elements required to be
1973	         distinct. The values encode the user's input to the
1974	         corresponding interactive elements. Elements capable of
1975	         displaying a textual or numerical value will return a
1976	         name/value pair even when they receive no explicit user
1977	         input.

1979	      2.15.3 Input

1981	      <INPUT>

1983	      Level 2

1985	      The Input element represents a field whose contents may
1986	      be edited by the user.

1988	      Attributes of the Input element:

1990	      ALIGN

1992	         Vertical alignment of the image. For use only with
1993	         TYPE=IMAGE in HTML level 2. The possible values are
1994	         exactly the same as for the ALIGN attribute of the image
1995	         element.

1997	      CHECKED

1999	         Indicates that a checkbox or radio button is selected.
2000	         Unselected checkboxes and radio buttons do not return
2001	         name/value pairs when the form is submitted.

2003	      MAXLENGTH

2005	         Indicates the maximum number of characters that can be
2006	         entered into a text field. This can be greater than
2007	         specified by the SIZE attribute, in which case the field
2008	         will scroll appropriately. The default number of
2009	         characters is unlimited.

2011	      NAME

2013	         Symbolic name used when transferring the form's
2014	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

2016	         contents. The NAME attribute is required for most input
2017	         types and is normally used to provide a unique
2018	         identifier for a field, or for a logically related group
2019	         of fields.

2021	      SIZE

2023	         Specifies the size or precision of the field according
2024	         to its type. For example, to specify a field with a
2025	         visible width of 24 characters:

2027	         INPUT TYPE=text SIZE="24"

2029	      SRC

2031	         A URL or URN specifying an image. For use only with
2032	         TYPE=IMAGE in HTML Level 2.

2034	      TYPE

2036	         Defines the type of data the field accepts. Defaults to
2037	         free text. Several types of fields can be defined with
2038	         the type attribute:

2040	         CHECKBOX

2042	            Used for simple Boolean attributes, or for attributes
2043	            that can take multiple values at the same time. The
2044	            latter is represented by a number of checkbox fields
2045	            each of which has the same name. Each selected checkbox
2046	            generates a separate name/value pair in the submitted
2047	            data, even if this results in duplicate names. The
2048	            default value for checkboxes is "on".

2050	         HIDDEN

2052	            No field is presented to the user, but the content of
2053	            the field is sent with the submitted form. This value
2054	            may be used to transmit state information about
2055	            client/server interaction.

2057	         IMAGE

2059	            An image field upon which you can click with a pointing
2060	            device, causing the form to be immediately submitted.
2061	            The coordinates of the selected point are measured in
2062	            pixel units from the upper-left corner of the image, and
2063	            are returned (along with the other contents of the form)
2064	            in two name/value pairs. The x-coordinate is submitted
2065	            under the name of the field with .x appended, and the y-
2066	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

2068	            coordinate is submitted under the name of the field with
2069	            .y appended. Any VALUE attribute is ignored. The image
2070	            itself is specified by the SRC attribute, exactly as for
2071	            the Image element.

2073	            NOTE: In a future version of the HTML specification, the
2074	            IMAGE functionality may be folded into an enhanced
2075	            SUBMIT field.

2077	         PASSWORD is the same as the TEXT attribute, except that
2078	         text is not displayed as it is entered.

2080	         RADIO is used for attributes that accept a single value
2081	         from a set of alternatives. Each radio button field in
2082	         the group should be given the same name. Only the
2083	         selected radio button in the group generates a
2084	         name/value pair in the submitted data. Radio buttons
2085	         require an explicit VALUE attribute.

2087	         RESET is a button that when pressed resets the form's
2088	         fields to their specified initial values. The label to
2089	         be displayed on the button may be specified just as for
2090	         the SUBMIT button.

2092	         SUBMIT is a button that when pressed submits the form.
2093	         You can use the VALUE attribute to provide a non-
2094	         editable label to be displayed on the button.  The
2095	         default label is application-specific.  If a SUBMIT
2096	         button is pressed in order to submit the form, and that
2097	         button has a NAME attribute specified, then that button
2098	         contributes a name/value pair to the submitted data.
2099	         Otherwise, a SUBMIT button makes no contribution to the
2100	         submitted data.

2102	         TEXT is used for a single line text entry fields. Use in
2103	         conjunction with the SIZE and MAXLENGTH attributes. Use
2104	         the Textarea element for text fields which can accept
2105	         multiple lines.

2107	      VALUE

2109	         The initial displayed value of the field, if it displays
2110	         a textual or numerical value; or the value to be
2111	         returned when the field is selected, if it displays a
2112	         Boolean value. This attribute is required for radio
2113	         buttons.

2115	      2.15.4 Option

2117	         <OPTION>
2118	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

2120	         Level 2

2122	         The Option element can only occur within a Select
2123	         element. It represents one choice, and can take these
2124	         attributes:

2126	         DISABLED

2128	            Proposed.

2130	         SELECTED

2132	            Indicates that this option is initially selected.

2134	         VALUE

2136	            When present indicates the value to be returned if this
2137	            option is chosen. The returned value defaults to the
2138	            contents of the Option element.

2140	            The contents of the Option element is presented to the
2141	            user to represent the option. It is used as a returned
2142	            value if the VALUE attribute is not present.

2144	      2.15.5 Select

2146	         <SELECT NAME=... > ... </SELECT>

2148	         Level 2

2150	         The Select element allows the user to chose one of a set
2151	         of alternatives described by textual labels. Every
2152	         alternative is represented by the Option element.

2154	         Attributes are:

2156	         ERROR

2158	            Proposed.

2160	         MULTIPLE

2162	            The MULTIPLE attribute is needed when users are allowed
2163	            to make several selections, e.g. <SELECT MULTIPLE>.

2165	         NAME

2167	            Specifies the name that will submitted as a name/value
2168	            pair.

2170	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

2172	         SIZE

2174	            Specifies the number of visible items. If this is
2175	            greater than one, then the resulting form control will
2176	            be a list.

2178	         The Select element is typically rendered as a pull down
2179	         or pop-up list. For example:

2181	         <SELECT NAME="flavor">
2182	         <OPTION>Vanilla
2183	         <OPTION>Strawberry
2184	         <OPTION>Rum and Raisin
2185	         <OPTION>Peach and Orange
2186	         </SELECT>

2188	         If no option is initially marked as selected, then the
2189	         first item listed is selected.

2191	      2.15.6 Text Area

2193	         <TEXTAREA> ... </TEXTAREA>

2195	         Level 2

2197	         The Textarea element lets users enter more than one line
2198	         of text. For example:

2200	         <TEXTAREA NAME="address" ROWS=64 COLS=6>
2201	         HaL Computer Systems
2202	         1315 Dell Avenue
2203	         Campbell, California 95008
2204	         </TEXTAREA>

2206	         The text up to the end tag (</TEXTAREA>) is used to
2207	         initialize the field's value. This end tag is always
2208	         required even if the field is initially blank. When
2209	         submitting a form, lines in a TEXTAREA should be
2210	         terminated using CR/LF.

2212	         In a typical rendering, the ROWS and COLS attributes
2213	         determine the visible dimension of the field in
2214	         characters. The field is rendered in a fixed-width font.
2215	         HTML user agents should allow text to extend beyond
2216	         these limits by scrolling as needed.

2218	         NOTE: In the initial design for forms, multi-line text
2219	         fields were supported by the Input element with
2220	         TYPE=TEXT. Unfortunately, this causes problems for
2221	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

2223	         fields with long text values. SGML's default (Reference
2224	         Quantity Set) limits the length of attribute literals to
2225	         only 240 characters. The HTML 2.0 SGML declaration
2226	         increases the limit to 1024 characters.

2228	   2.16 Character Data

2230	      Level 0

2232	      The characters between HTML tags represent text. A HTML document
2233	      (including tags and text) is encoded using the coded character
2234	      set specified by the "charset" parameter of the "text/html"
2235	      media type.  For levels defined in this specification, the
2236	      "charset" parameter is restricted to "US-ASCII" or "ISO-8859-1".
2237	      ISO-8859-1 encodes a set of characters known as Latin Alphabet
2238	      No. 1, or simply Latin-1.  Latin-1 includes characters from most
2239	      Western European languages, as well as a number of control
2240	      characters.  Latin-1 also includes a non-breaking space, a soft
2241	      hyphen indicator, 93 graphical characters, 8 unassigned
2242	      characters, and 25 control characters.

2244	      Because non-breaking space and soft hyphen indicator are
2245	      not recognized and interpreted by all HTML user agents,
2246	      their use is discouraged.

2248	      There are 58 character positions occupied by control
2249	      characters. See Section 2.16.2 for details on the
2250	      interpretation of control characters.

2252	      Because certain special characters are subject to
2253	      interpretation and special processing, information
2254	      providers and HTML user agent implementors should follow
2255	      the guidelines in Section 2.16.1.

2257	      In addition, HTML provides
2258	      character entity references (see Section 2.17.2) and
2259	      numerical character references (see Section 2.17.3) to
2260	      facilitate the entry and interpretation of characters by
2261	      name and by numerical position.

2263	      Because certain characters will be interpreted as
2264	      markup, they must be represented by entity references as described
2265	      in Section 2.16.3 and Section 2.16.4.

2267	      2.16.1 Special Characters

2269	         Certain characters have special meaning in HTML
2270	         documents. There are two printing characters which may
2271	         be interpreted by an HTML application to have an effect
2272	         of the format of the text:

2274	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

2276	         Space

2278	         -  Interpreted as a word space (place where a line can
2279	            be broken) in all contexts except the Preformatted Text
2280	            element.

2282	         -  Interpreted as a nonbreaking space within the
2283	            Preformatted Text element.

2285	         Hyphen

2287	         -  Interpreted as a hyphen glyph in all contexts

2289	         -  Interpreted as a potential word space by
2290	            hyphenation engine

2292	      2.16.2 Control Characters

2294	         Control characters are non-printable characters that are
2295	         typically used for communication and device control, as
2296	         format effectors, and as information separators.

2298	         In SGML applications, the use of control characters is
2299	         limited in order to maximize the chance of successful
2300	         interchange over heterogenous networks and operating
2301	         systems. In HTML, only three control characters are
2302	         used: Horizontal Tab (HT, encoded as 9 decimal
2303	         in US-ASCII and ISO-8859-1), Carriage Return, and
2304	         Line Feed.

2306	         Horizontal Tab is interpreted as a word space in all contexts
2307	         except preformatted text. Within preformatted text, the tab
2308	         should be interpreted to shift the horizontal column position
2309	         to the next position which is a multiple of 8 on the same
2310	         line; that is, col := (col+8) mod 8.

2312	         Carriage Return and Line Feed are conventionally used
2313	         to represent end of line. For Internet Media Types defined as
2314	         "text/*", the sequence CR LF is used to represent an end of
2315	         line. In practice, text/html documents are frequently
2316	         represented and transmitted using an end of line convention
2317	         that depends on the conventions of the source of the
2318	         document; frequently, that representation consists of CR
2319	         only, LF only, or CR LF combination. In HTML, end of line in
2320	         any of its variations is interpreted as a word space in all
2321	         contexts except preformatted text. Within preformatted text,
2322	         HTML interpreting agents should expect to treat any of the
2323	         three common representations of end-of-line as starting
2324	         a new line.

2326	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

2328	      2.16.3 Numeric Character References

2330	         In addition to any mechanism by which characters may be
2331	         represented by the encoding of the HTML document, it is
2332	         possible to explicitly reference the printing characters of
2333	         the ISO-8859-1 character encoding using a numeric character
2334	         reference. See Section
2335	         2.17.1 for a list of the characters, their names and
2336	         input syntax.

2338	         Two reasons for using a numeric character reference:

2340	         -  the keyboard does not provide a key for the
2341	            character, such as on U.S. keyboards which do not
2342	            provide European characters

2344	         -  the character may be interpreted as SGML coding,
2345	            such as the ampersand (&), double quotes ("), the lesser
2346	            (<) and greater (>) characters

2348	         Numeric character references are represented in an HTML
2349	         document as SGML entities whose name is number sign (#)
2350	         followed by a numeral from 32-126 and 161-255. The HTML
2351	         DTD includes a numeric character for each of the
2352	         printing characters of the ISO-8859-1 encoding, so that one
2353	         may reference them by number if it is inconvenient to enter
2354	         them directly:

2356	         the ampersand (&#38;), double quotes (&#34;),
2357	         lesser (&#60;) and greater (&#62;) characters

2359	      2.16.4 Character Entities

2361	         In addition, many of the Latin alphabet No. 1 set of printing
2362	         characters may be represented within the text of an HTML
2363	         document by a character entity. See 2.17.2 for a list of
2364	         the characters, names, input syntax, and descriptions.
2365	         See 5.2.1 for the SGML entity definitions of "Added
2366	         Latin 1 for HTML".

2368	         Two reasons for using a character entity:

2370	         -  the keyboard does not provide a key for the
2371	            character, such as on U.S. keyboards which do not
2372	            provide European characters

2374	         -  the character may be interpreted as SGML coding,
2375	            such as the ampersand (&), double quotes ("), the lesser
2376	            (<) and greater (>) characters
2377	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

2379	         A character entity is represented in an HTML document as
2380	         an SGML entity whose name is defined in the HTML DTD.
2381	         The HTML DTD includes a character entity for each of the
2382	         SGML markup characters and for each of the printing
2383	         characters in the upper half of Latin-1, so that one may
2384	         reference them by name if it is inconvenient to enter
2385	         them directly:

2387	         the ampersand (&amp;), double quotes (&quot;),
2388	         lesser (&lt;) and greater (&gt;) characters

2390	         Kurt G&ouml;del was a famous logician and mathematician.

2392	         NOTE: To ensure that a string of characters is not
2393	         interpreted as markup, represent all occurrences of <,
2394	         >, and & by character or entity references.

2396	         NOTE: There are SGML features, CDATA and RCDATA, to
2397	         allow most <, >, and & characters to be entered without
2398	         the use of entity or character references. Because these
2399	         features tend to be used and implemented inconsistently,
2400	         and because they require 8-bit characters to represent
2401	         non-ASCII characters, they are not used in this version
2402	         of the HTML DTD. An earlier HTML specification included
2403	         an Example element (<XMP>) whose syntax is not
2404	         expressible in SGML. No markup was recognized inside of
2405	         the Example element except the </XMP> end tag. While
2406	         HTML user agents are encouraged to support this idiom,
2407	         its use is deprecated.

2409	   2.17 Character Entity Sets

2411	      The following entity names are used in HTML, always
2412	      prefixed by ampersand (&) and followed by a semicolon as
2413	      shown.

2415	      They represent particular graphic characters which have
2416	      special meanings in places in the markup, or may not be
2417	      part of the character set available to the writer.

2419	      2.17.1 Numeric and Special Graphic Entities

2421	         The following table lists each of the supported
2422	         characters specified in the Numeric and Special Graphic
2423	         entity set, along with its name, syntax for use, and
2424	         description. This list is derived from ISO Standard
2425	         8879:1986//ENTITIES Numeric and Special Graphic//EN
2426	         however HTML does not provide support for the entire
2427	         entity set. Only the entities listed below are
2428	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

2430	         supported.

2432	         GLYPH   NAME            SYNTAX      DESCRIPTION
2433	         <       lt              &lt;        Less than sign
2434	         >       gt              &gt;        Greater than sign
2435	         &       amp             &amp;       Ampersand
2436	         "       quot            &quot;      Double quote sign

2438	      2.17.2 ISO Latin 1 Character Entities

2440	         The following table lists each of the characters
2441	         specified in the Added Latin 1 entity set, along with
2442	         its name, syntax for use, and description. This list is
2443	         derived from ISO Standard 8879:1986//ENTITIES Added
2444	         Latin 1//EN. HTML supports the entire entity set.

2446	         NAME            SYNTAX      DESCRIPTION

2448	         Aacute          &Aacute;    Capital A, acute accent
2449	         Agrave          &Agrave;    Capital A, grave accent
2450	         Acirc           &Acirc;     Capital A, circumflex accent
2451	         Atilde          &Atilde;    Capital A, tilde
2452	         Aring           &Aring;     Capital A, ring
2453	         Auml            &Auml;      Capital A, dieresis or umlaut mark
2454	         AElig           &AElig;     Capital AE dipthong (ligature)
2455	         Ccedil          &Ccedil;    Capital C, cedilla
2456	         Eacute          &Eacute;    Capital E, acute accent
2457	         Egrave          &Egrave;    Capital E, grave accent
2458	         Ecirc           &Ecirc;     Capital E, circumflex accent
2459	         Euml            &Euml;      Capital E, dieresis or umlaut mark
2460	         Iacute          &Iacute;    Capital I, acute accent
2461	         Igrave          &Igrave;    Capital I, grave accent
2462	         Icirc           &Icirc;     Capital I, circumflex accent
2463	         Iuml            &Iuml;      Capital I, dieresis or umlaut mark
2464	         ETH             &ETH;       Capital Eth, Icelandic
2465	         Ntilde          &Ntilde;    Capital N, tilde
2466	         Oacute          &Oacute;    Capital O, acute accent
2467	         Ograve          &Ograve;    Capital O, grave accent
2468	         Ocirc           &Ocirc;     Capital O, circumflex accent
2469	         Otilde          &Otilde;    Capital O, tilde
2470	         Ouml            &Ouml;      Capital O, dieresis or umlaut mark
2471	         Oslash          &Oslash;    Capital O, slash
2472	         Uacute          &Uacute;    Capital U, acute accent
2473	         Ugrave          &Ugrave;    Capital U, grave accent
2474	         Ucirc           &Ucirc;     Capital U, circumflex accent
2475	         Uuml            &Uuml;      Capital U, dieresis or umlaut mark
2476	         Yacute          &Yacute;    Capital Y, acute accent

2478	         THORN           &THORN;     Capital THORN, Icelandic
2479	         szlig           &szlig;     Small sharp s, German (sz ligature)
2480	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

2482	         aacute          &aacute;    Small a, acute accent
2483	         agrave          &agrave;    Small a, grave accent
2484	         acirc           &acirc;     Small a, circumflex accent
2485	         atilde          &atilde;    Small a, tilde
2486	         aring           &aring;     Small a, ring
2487	         auml            &auml;      Small a, dieresis or umlaut mark
2488	         aelig           &aelig;     Small ae dipthong (ligature)
2489	         ccedil          &ccedil;    Small c, cedilla
2490	         eacute          &eacute;    Small e, acute accent
2491	         egrave          &egrave;    Small e, grave accent
2492	         ecirc           &ecirc;     Small e, circumflex accent
2493	         euml            &euml;      Small e, dieresis or umlaut mark
2494	         iacute          &iacute;    Small i, acute accent
2495	         igrave          &igrave;    Small i, grave accent
2496	         icirc           &icirc;     Small i, circumflex accent
2497	         iuml            &iuml;      Small i, dieresis or umlaut mark
2498	         eth             &eth;       Small eth, Icelandic
2499	         ntilde          &ntilde;    Small n, tilde
2500	         oacute          &oacute;    Small o, acute accent
2501	         ograve          &ograve;    Small o, grave accent
2502	         ocirc           &ocirc;     Small o, circumflex accent
2503	         otilde          &otilde;    Small o, tilde
2504	         ouml            &ouml;      Small o, dieresis or umlaut mark
2505	         oslash          &oslash;    Small o, slash
2506	         uacute          &uacute;    Small u, acute accent
2507	         ugrave          &ugrave;    Small u, grave accent
2508	         ucirc           &ucirc;     Small u, circumflex accent
2509	         uuml            &uuml;      Small u, dieresis or umlaut mark
2510	         yacute          &yacute;    Small y, acute accent
2511	         thorn           &thorn;     Small thorn, Icelandic
2512	         yuml            &yuml;      Small y, dieresis or umlaut mark

2514	      2.17.3 Numerical Character References

2516	         This list, sorted numerically, is derived from ISO-8859-1
2517	         8-bit single-byte coded graphic character set:

2519	         REFERENCE           DESCRIPTION

2521	         &#00; - &#08;       Unused
2522	         &#09;               Horizontal tab
2523	         &#10;               Line feed
2524	         &#11; - &#31;       Unused

2526	         &#32;               Space
2527	         &#33;               Exclamation mark
2528	         &#34;               Quotation mark
2529	         &#35;               Number sign
2530	         &#36;               Dollar sign
2531	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

2533	         &#37;               Percent sign
2534	         &#38;               Ampersand
2535	         &#39;               Apostrophe
2536	         &#40;               Left parenthesis
2537	         &#41;               Right parenthesis
2538	         &#42;               Asterisk
2539	         &#43;               Plus sign
2540	         &#44;               Comma
2541	         &#45;               Hyphen
2542	         &#46;               Period (fullstop)
2543	         &#47;               Solidus (slash)

2545	         &#48; - &#57;       Digits 0-9

2547	         &#58;               Colon
2548	         &#59;               Semi-colon
2549	         &#60;               Less than
2550	         &#61;               Equals aign
2551	         &#62;               Greater than
2552	         &#63;               Question mark
2553	         &#64;               Commercial at

2555	         &#65; - &#90;       Letters A-Z

2557	         &#91;               Left square bracket
2558	         &#92;               Reverse solidus (backslash)
2559	         &#93;               Right square bracket
2560	         &#94;               Caret
2561	         &#95;               Horizontal bar
2562	         &#96;               Acute accent

2564	         &#97; - &#122;      Letters a-z

2566	         &#123;              Left curly brace
2567	         &#124;              Vertical bar
2568	         &#125;              Right curly brace
2569	         &#126;              Tilde

2571	         &#127; - &#160;     Unused

2573	         &#161;              Inverted exclamation
2574	         &#162;              Cent sign
2575	         &#163;              Pound sterling
2576	         &#164;              General currency sign
2577	         &#165;              Yen sign
2578	         &#166;              Broken vertical bar
2579	         &#167;              Section sign
2580	         &#168;              Umlaut (dieresis)
2581	         &#169;              Copyright
2582	         &#170;              Feminine ordinal
2583	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

2585	         &#171;              Left angle quote, guillemotleft
2586	         &#172;              Not sign
2587	         &#173;              Soft hyphen
2588	         &#174;              Registered trademark
2589	         &#175;              Macron accent
2590	         &#176;              Degree sign
2591	         &#177;              Plus or minus
2592	         &#178;              Superscript two
2593	         &#179;              Superscript three
2594	         &#180;              Acute accent
2595	         &#181;              Micro sign
2596	         &#182;              Paragraph sign
2597	         &#183;              Middle dot
2598	         &#184;              Cedilla
2599	         &#185;              Superscript one
2600	         &#186;              Masculine ordinal
2601	         &#187;              Right angle quote, guillemotright
2602	         &#188;              Fraction one-fourth
2603	         &#189;              Fraction one-half
2604	         &#190;              Fraction three-fourths
2605	         &#191;              Inverted question mark

2607	         &#192;              Capital A, acute accent
2608	         &#193;              Capital A, grave accent
2609	         &#194;              Capital A, circumflex accent
2610	         &#195;              Capital A, tilde
2611	         &#196;              Capital A, ring
2612	         &#197;              Capital A, dieresis or umlaut mark
2613	         &#198;              Capital AE dipthong (ligature)
2614	         &#199;              Capital C, cedilla
2615	         &#200;              Capital E, acute accent
2616	         &#201;              Capital E, grave accent
2617	         &#202;              Capital E, circumflex accent
2618	         &#203;              Capital E, dieresis or umlaut mark
2619	         &#204;              Capital I, acute accent
2620	         &#205;              Capital I, grave accent
2621	         &#206;              Capital I, circumflex accent
2622	         &#207;              Capital I, dieresis or umlaut mark
2623	         &#208;              Capital Eth, Icelandic
2624	         &#209;              Capital N, tilde
2625	         &#210;              Capital O, acute accent
2626	         &#211;              Capital O, grave accent
2627	         &#212;              Capital O, circumflex accent
2628	         &#213;              Capital O, tilde
2629	         &#214;              Capital O, dieresis or umlaut mark

2631	         &#215;              Multiply sign

2633	         &#216;              Capital O, slash
2634	         &#217;              Capital U, acute accent
2635	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

2637	         &#218;              Capital U, grave accent
2638	         &#219;              Capital U, circumflex accent
2639	         &#220;              Capital U, dieresis or umlaut mark
2640	         &#221;              Capital Y, acute accent

2642	         &#222;              Capital THORN, Icelandic
2643	         &#223;              Small sharp s, German (sz ligature)

2645	         &#224;              Small a, acute accent
2646	         &#225;              Small a, grave accent
2647	         &#226;              Small a, circumflex accent
2648	         &#227;              Small a, tilde
2649	         &#228;              Small a, dieresis or umlaut mark
2650	         &#229;              Small a, ring
2651	         &#230;              Small ae dipthong (ligature)
2652	         &#231;              Small c, cedilla
2653	         &#232;              Small e, acute accent
2654	         &#233;              Small e, grave accent
2655	         &#234;              Small e, circumflex accent
2656	         &#235;              Small e, dieresis or umlaut mark
2657	         &#236;              Small i, acute accent
2658	         &#237;              Small i, grave accent
2659	         &#238;              Small i, circumflex accent
2660	         &#239;              Small i, dieresis or umlaut mark
2661	         &#240;              Small eth, Icelandic
2662	         &#241;              Small n, tilde
2663	         &#242;              Small o, acute accent
2664	         &#243;              Small o, grave accent
2665	         &#244;              Small o, circumflex accent
2666	         &#245;              Small o, tilde
2667	         &#246;              Small o, dieresis or umlaut mark

2669	         &#247;              Division sign

2671	         &#248;              Small o, slash
2672	         &#249;              Small u, acute accent
2673	         &#250;              Small u, grave accent
2674	         &#251;              Small u, circumflex accent
2675	         &#252;              Small u, dieresis or umlaut mark
2676	         &#253;              Small y, acute accent
2677	         &#254;              Small thorn, Icelandic
2678	         &#255;              Small y, dieresis or umlaut mark

2680	3. Security Considerations

2682	   Anchors, embedded images, and all other elements which
2683	   contain URIs as parameters may cause the URI to be
2684	   dereferenced in response to user input. In this case,
2685	   the security considerations of the URI specification
2686	   apply.

2688	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

2690	   Documents may be constructed whose visible contents
2691	   mislead the reader to follow a link to unsuitable or
2692	   offensive material.

2694	4. Obsolete and Proposed Features

2696	   4.1 Obsolete Features

2698	   This section describes elements that are no longer part
2699	   of HTML. Client implementors should implement these
2700	   obsolete elements for compatibility with previous
2701	   versions of the HTML specification.

2703	      4.1.1 Comment

2705	         The Comment element is used to delimit unneeded text and
2706	         comments. The Comment element has been introduced in
2707	         some HTML applications but should be replaced by the
2708	         SGML comment feature in new HTML user agents (see
2709	         Section 2.6.5).

2711	      4.1.2 Highlighted Phrase

2713	         The Highlighted Phrase element (<HP>) should be ignored
2714	         if not implemented. This element has been replaced by
2715	         more meaningful elements (see Section 2.9).

2717	         Example of use:

2719	         <HP1>first highlighted phrase</HP1>non

2721	         highlighted text<HP2>second highlighted
2722	         phrase</HP2> etc.

2724	       4.1.3 Plain Text

2726	         <PLAINTEXT>

2728	         The Plain Text element is used to terminates the HTML
2729	         entity and to indicate that what follows is not SGML
2730	         which does not require parsing. Instead, an old HTTP
2731	         convention specified that what followed was an ASCII
2732	         (MIME "text/plain") body. Its presence is an
2733	         optimization. There is no closing tag.

2735	         Example of use:

2737	         <PLAINTEXT>
2738	         0001 This is line one of a long listing
2739	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

2741	         0002 file from <ANY@HOST.INC.COM> which is sent

2743	      4.1.4 Example and Listing

2745	         <XMP> ... </XMP> and <LISTING> ... </LISTING>

2747	         The Example element and Listing element have been
2748	         replaced by the Preformatted Text element.

2750	         These styles allow text of fixed-width characters to be
2751	         embedded absolutely as is into the document. The syntax
2752	         is:

2754	         <LISTING>
2755	         ...
2756	         </LISTING>

2758	         or

2760	         <XMP>
2761	         ...
2762	         </XMP>

2764	         The text between these tags is typically rendered in a
2765	         monospaced font so that any formatting done by character
2766	         spacing on successive lines will be maintained.

2768	         Between the opening and closing tags:

2770	         -  The text may contain any ISO Latin-1 printable
2771	            characters, expect for the end tag opener. The Example
2772	            and Listing elements have historically used
2773	            specifications which do not conform to SGML.
2774	            Specifically, the text may contain ISO Latin printable
2775	            characters, including the tag opener, as long it they
2776	            does not contain the closing tag in full.

2778	         -  SGML does not support this form. HTML user agents
2779	            may vary on how they interpret other tags within Example
2780	            and Listing elements.

2782	         -  Line boundaries within the text are rendered as a
2783	            move to the beginning of the next line, except for one
2784	            immediately following a start tag or immediately
2785	            preceding an end tag.

2787	         -  The horizontal tab character must be
2788	            interpreted as the smallest positive nonzero number of
2789	            spaces which will leave the number of characters so far
2790	            on the line as a multiple of 8. Its use is not
2791	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

2793	            recommended.

2795	      The Listing element is rendered so that at least 132
2796	      characters fit on a line. The Example element is
2797	      rendered to that at least 80 characters fit on a line
2798	      but is otherwise identical to the Listing element.

2800	   4.2 Proposed Features

2802	      This section describes proposed HTML elements and
2803	      entities that are not currently supported under HTML
2804	      Levels 0, 1, or 2, but may be supported in the future.

2806	      4.2.1 Defining Instance

2808	         <DFN> ... </DFN>

2810	         The Defining Instance element indicates the defining
2811	         instance of a term. The typical rendering is bold or
2812	         bold italic. This element is not widely supported.

2814	      4.2.2 Special Characters

2816	         To indicate special characters, HTML uses entity or
2817	         numeric representations. Additional character
2818	         presentations are proposed:

2820	         CHARACTER                  REPRESENTATION

2822	         Non-breaking space         &nbsp;
2823	         Soft-hyphen                &shy;
2824	         Registered                 &reg;
2825	         Copyright                  &copy;

2827	      4.2.3 Strike

2829	         <STRIKE> ... </STRIKE>

2831	         The Strike element is proposed to indicate
2832	         strikethrough, a font style in which a horizontal line
2833	         appears through characters. This element is not widely
2834	         supported.

2836	      4.2.4 Underline

2838	         <U> ... </U>

2840	         The Underline element is proposed to indicate that the
2841	         text should be rendered as underlined. This proposed tag
2842	         is not supported by all HTML user agents.

2844	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

2846	         Example of use:

2848	         The text <U>shown here</U> is rendered in the document
2849	         as underlined.

2851	5. HTML Document Type Definitions

2853	   5.1 SGML Declaration for HTML

2855	This is the SGML Declaration for HyperText Markup Language
2856	(HTML) as used by the World Wide Web (WWW) application:

2858	<!SGML  "ISO 8879:1986"
2859	--
2860		SGML Declaration for HyperText Markup Language (HTML).

2862	--

2864	CHARSET
2865	         BASESET  "ISO 646:1983//CHARSET
2866	                   International Reference Version
2867	                   (IRV)//ESC 2/5 4/0"
2868	         DESCSET  0   9   UNUSED
2869	                  9   2   9
2870	                  11  2   UNUSED
2871	                  13  1   13
2872	                  14  18  UNUSED
2873	                  32  95  32
2874	                  127 1   UNUSED
2875	     BASESET   "ISO Registration Number 100//CHARSET
2876	                ECMA-94 Right Part of
2877	                Latin Alphabet Nr. 1//ESC 2/13 4/1"

2879	         DESCSET  128  32   UNUSED
2880	                  160  96    32

2882	CAPACITY        SGMLREF
2883	                TOTALCAP        150000
2884	                GRPCAP          150000

2886	SCOPE    DOCUMENT
2887	SYNTAX
2888	         SHUNCHAR CONTROLS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
2889			 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 127
2890	         BASESET  "ISO 646:1983//CHARSET
2891	                   International Reference Version
2892	                   (IRV)//ESC 2/5 4/0"
2893	         DESCSET  0 128 0
2894	         FUNCTION
2895	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

2897			  RE          13
2898	                  RS          10
2899	                  SPACE       32
2900	                  TAB SEPCHAR  9

2902	         NAMING   LCNMSTRT ""
2903	                  UCNMSTRT ""
2904	                  LCNMCHAR ".-"
2905	                  UCNMCHAR ".-"
2906	                  NAMECASE GENERAL YES
2907	                           ENTITY  NO
2908	         DELIM    GENERAL  SGMLREF
2909	                  SHORTREF SGMLREF
2910	         NAMES    SGMLREF
2911	         QUANTITY SGMLREF
2912	                  ATTSPLEN 2100
2913	                  LITLEN   1024
2914	                  NAMELEN  72    -- somewhat arbitrary; taken from
2915	                                internet line length conventions --
2916	                  PILEN    1024
2917	                  TAGLEN   2100

2919	FEATURES
2920	  MINIMIZE
2921	    DATATAG  NO
2922	    OMITTAG  YES
2923	    RANK     NO
2924	    SHORTTAG YES
2925	  LINK
2926	    SIMPLE   NO
2927	    IMPLICIT NO
2928	    EXPLICIT NO
2929	  OTHER
2930	    CONCUR   NO
2931	    SUBDOC   NO
2932	    FORMAL   YES
2933	  APPINFO    "SDA"  -- conforming SGML Document Access application
2934			    --
2935	>
2936	<!--
2937		$Id: html.decl,v 1.13 1995/02/08 08:29:33 connolly Exp $

2939		Author: Daniel W. Connolly <connolly@hal.com>

2941		See also: http://www.hal.com/%7Econnolly/html-spec
2942		  http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/MarkUp/MarkUp.html
2943	 -->

2945	   5.1.1 Sample SGML Open Style Entity Catalog for HTML
2946	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

2948	      The SGML standard describes an "entity manager" as the
2949	      portion or component of an SGML system that maps SGML
2950	      entities into the actual storage model (e.g., the file
2951	      system).  The standard itself does not define a particular
2952	      mapping methodology or notation.

2954	      To assist the interoperability among various SGML tools and
2955	      systems, the SGML Open consortium has passed a technical
2956	      resolution that defines a format for an
2957	      application-independent entity catalog that maps external
2958	      identifiers and/or entity names to file names.

2960	      Each entry in the catalog associates a storage object
2961	      identifier (such as a file name) with information about the
2962	      external entity that appears in the SGML document.  In
2963	      addition to entries that associate public identifiers, a
2964	      catalog entry can associate an entity name with a storage
2965	      object indentifier.  For example, the following are
2966	      possible catalog entries:

2968	PUBLIC "ISO 8879:1986//ENTITIES Added Latin 1//EN" "iso-lat1.gml"
2969	PUBLIC "-//ACME DTD Writers//DTD General Report//EN" report.dtd
2970	ENTITY "graph1" "graphics\graph1.cgm"
2971	In particular, the following shows entries relevant to HTML.
2972	        -- catalog: SGML Open style entity catalog for HTML --
2973	        -- $Id: catalog,v 1.1 1994/10/07 21:35:07 connolly Exp $ --

2975	        -- Ways to refer to Level 2: most general to most specific --
2976	PUBLIC  "-//IETF//DTD HTML//EN"                 html.dtd
2977	PUBLIC  "-//IETF//DTD HTML//EN//2.0"            html.dtd
2978	PUBLIC  "-//IETF//DTD HTML Level 2//EN"         html.dtd
2979	PUBLIC  "-//IETF//DTD HTML Level 2//EN//2.0"    html.dtd

2981	        -- Ways to refer to Level 1: most general to most specific --
2982	PUBLIC  "-//IETF//DTD HTML Level 1//EN"         html-1.dtd
2983	PUBLIC  "-//IETF//DTD HTML Level 1//EN//2.0"    html-1.dtd

2985	        -- Ways to refer to Level 0: most general to most specific --
2986	PUBLIC  "-//IETF//DTD HTML Level 0//EN"         html-0.dtd
2987	PUBLIC  "-//IETF//DTD HTML Level 0//EN//2.0"    html-0.dtd

2989	        -- ISO latin 1 entity set for HTML --
2990	PUBLIC  "-//IETF//ENTITIES Added Latin 1//EN"   ISOlat1.sgml

2992	   5.2 HTML DTD

2994	   This is the Document Type Definition for the
2995	   HyperText Markup Language (HTML DTD):

2997	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

2999	<!--    html.dtd

3001	        Document Type Definition for the HyperText Markup Language
3002			 (HTML DTD)

3004		$Id: html.dtd,v 1.24 1995/02/06 21:28:45 connolly Exp $

3006		Author: Daniel W. Connolly <connolly@hal.com>
3007		See Also: html.decl, html-0.dtd, html-1.dtd
3008		  http://www.hal.com/%7Econnolly/html-spec/index.html
3009		  http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/MarkUp2/MarkUp.html
3010	-->

3012	<!ENTITY % HTML.Version
3013	        "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN"

3015	        -- Typical usage:

3017	            <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML//EN">
3018	            <html>
3019	            ...
3020	            </html>
3021	        --
3022	        >

3024	<!--============ Feature Test Entities ========================-->

3026	<!ENTITY % HTML.Recommended "IGNORE"
3027		-- Certain features of the language are necessary for
3028		   compatibility with widespread usage, but they may
3029		   compromise the structural integrity of a document.
3030		   This feature test entity enables a more prescriptive
3031		   document type definition that eliminates
3032		   those features.
3033		-->

3035	<![ %HTML.Recommended [
3036	        <!ENTITY % HTML.Deprecated "IGNORE">
3037	]]>

3039	<!ENTITY % HTML.Deprecated "INCLUDE"
3040		-- Certain features of the language are necessary for
3041		   compatibility with earlier versions of the specification,
3042		   but they tend to be used an implemented inconsistently,
3043		   and their use is deprecated. This feature test entity
3044		   enables a document type definition that eliminates
3045		   these features.
3046		-->
3047	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

3049	<!ENTITY % HTML.Highlighting "INCLUDE"
3050		-- Use this feature test entity to validate that a
3051		   document uses no highlighting tags, which may be
3052		   ignored on minimal implementations.
3053		-->

3055	<!ENTITY % HTML.Forms "INCLUDE"
3056	        -- Use this feature test entity to validate that a document
3057	           contains no forms, which may not be supported in minimal
3058	           implementations
3059	        -->

3061	<!--============== Imported Names ==============================-->

3063	<!ENTITY % Content-Type "CDATA"
3064	        -- meaning an internet media type
3065	           (aka MIME content type, as per RFC1521)
3066	        -->

3068	<!ENTITY % HTTP-Method "GET | POST"
3069	        -- as per HTTP specification, in progress
3070	        -->

3072	<!ENTITY % URI "CDATA"
3073	        -- The term URI means a CDATA attribute
3074	           whose value is a Uniform Resource Identifier,
3075	           as defined by
3076		"Universal Resource Identifiers" by Tim Berners-Lee
3077		aka RFC 1630

3079		Note that CDATA attributes are limited by the LITLEN
3080		capacity (1024 in the current version of html.decl),
3081		so that URIs in HTML have a bounded length.

3083	        -->

3085	<!--========= DTD "Macros" =====================-->

3087	<!ENTITY % heading "H1|H2|H3|H4|H5|H6">

3089	<!ENTITY % list " UL | OL | DIR | MENU " >

3091	<!--======= Character mnemonic entities =================-->

3093	<!ENTITY % ISOlat1 PUBLIC
3094	  "ISO 8879-1986//ENTITIES Added Latin 1//EN//HTML">
3095	%ISOlat1;
3096	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

3098	<!ENTITY amp CDATA "&#38;"     -- ampersand          -->
3099	<!ENTITY gt CDATA "&#62;"      -- greater than       -->
3100	<!ENTITY lt CDATA "&#60;"      -- less than          -->
3101	<!ENTITY quot CDATA "&#34;"    -- double quote       -->

3103	<!--========= SGML Document Access (SDA) Parameter Entities =====-->

3105	<!-- HTML 2.0 contains SGML Document Access (SDA) fixed attributes
3106	in support of easy transformation to the International Committee
3107	for Accessible Document Design (ICADD) DTD
3108		 "-//EC-USA-CDA/ICADD//DTD ICADD22//EN".
3109	ICADD applications are designed to support usable access to
3110	structured information by print-impaired individuals through
3111	Braille, large print and voice synthesis.  For more information on
3112	SDA & ICADD:
3113	        - ISO 12083:1993, Annex A.8, Facilities for Braille,
3114		  large print and computer voice
3115	        - ICADD ListServ
3116		  <ICADD%ASUACAD.BITNET@ARIZVM1.ccit.arizona.edu>
3117	        - Usenet news group bit.listserv.easi
3118	        - Recording for the Blind, +1 800 221 4792
3119	-->

3121	<!ENTITY % SDAFORM  "SDAFORM  CDATA  #FIXED"
3122		  -- one to one mapping        -->
3123	<!ENTITY % SDARULE  "SDARULE  CDATA  #FIXED"
3124		  -- context-sensitive mapping -->
3125	<!ENTITY % SDAPREF  "SDAPREF  CDATA  #FIXED"
3126		  -- generated text prefix     -->
3127	<!ENTITY % SDASUFF  "SDASUFF  CDATA  #FIXED"
3128		  -- generated text suffix     -->
3129	<!ENTITY % SDASUSP  "SDASUSP  NAME   #FIXED"
3130		  -- suspend transform process -->

3132	<!--========== Text Markup =====================-->

3134	<![ %HTML.Highlighting [

3136	<!ENTITY % font " TT | B | I ">

3138	<!ENTITY % phrase "EM | STRONG | CODE | SAMP | KBD | VAR | CITE ">

3140	<!ENTITY % text "#PCDATA | A | IMG | BR | %phrase | %font">

3142	<!ELEMENT (%font;|%phrase) - - (%text)*>
3143	<!ATTLIST ( TT | CODE | SAMP | KBD | VAR )
3144	        %SDAFORM; "Lit"
3145	        >
3146	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

3148	<!ATTLIST ( B | STRONG )
3149	        %SDAFORM; "B"
3150	        >
3151	<!ATTLIST ( I | EM | CITE )
3152	        %SDAFORM; "It"
3153	        >

3155	<!-- <TT>       Typewriter text                         -->
3156	<!-- <B>        Bold text                               -->
3157	<!-- <I>        Italic text                             -->

3159	<!-- <EM>       Emphasized phrase                       -->
3160	<!-- <STRONG>   Strong emphais                          -->
3161	<!-- <CODE>     Source code phrase                      -->
3162	<!-- <SAMP>     Sample text or characters               -->
3163	<!-- <KBD>      Keyboard phrase, e.g. user input        -->
3164	<!-- <VAR>      Variable phrase or substituable         -->
3165	<!-- <CITE>     Name or title of cited work             -->

3167	<!ENTITY % pre.content "#PCDATA | A | HR | BR | %font | %phrase">

3169	]]>

3171	<!ENTITY % text "#PCDATA | A | IMG | BR">

3173	<!ELEMENT BR    - O EMPTY>
3174	<!ATTLIST BR
3175	        %SDAPREF; "&#RE;"
3176	        >

3178	<!-- <BR>       Line break      -->

3180	<!--========= Link Markup ======================-->

3182	<![ %HTML.Recommended [
3183	        <!ENTITY % linkName "ID">
3184	]]>

3186	<!ENTITY % linkName "CDATA">

3188	<!ENTITY % linkType "NAME"
3189	        -- a list of these will be specified at a later date -->

3191	<!ENTITY % linkExtraAttributes
3192	        "REL %linkType #IMPLIED
3193	        REV %linkType #IMPLIED
3194	        URN CDATA #IMPLIED
3195	        TITLE CDATA #IMPLIED
3196	        METHODS NAMES #IMPLIED
3197	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

3199	        ">

3201	<![ %HTML.Recommended [
3202	        <!ENTITY % A.content   "(%text)*"
3203	        -- <H1><a name="xxx">Heading</a></H1>
3204	                is preferred to
3205	           <a name="xxx"><H1>Heading</H1></a>
3206	        -->
3207	]]>

3209	<!ENTITY % A.content   "(%heading|%text)*">

3211	<!ELEMENT A     - - %A.content -(A)>
3212	<!ATTLIST A
3213	        HREF %URI #IMPLIED
3214	        NAME %linkName #IMPLIED
3215	        %linkExtraAttributes;
3216	        %SDAPREF; "<Anchor: #AttList>"
3217	        >
3218	<!-- <A>		Anchor; source/destination of link	-->
3219	<!-- <A NAME="...">	Name of this anchor			-->
3220	<!-- <A HREF="...">	Address of link destination		-->
3221	<!-- <A URN="...">	Permanent address of destination	-->
3222	<!-- <A REL=...>	Relationship to destination		-->
3223	<!-- <A REV=...>	Relationship of destination to this 	-->
3224	<!-- <A TITLE="...">	Title of destination (advisory)	 	-->
3225	<!-- <A METHODS="...">	Operations on destination (advisory)	-->

3227	<!--========== Images ==========================-->

3229	<!ELEMENT IMG    - O EMPTY>
3230	<!ATTLIST IMG
3231	        SRC %URI;  #REQUIRED
3232	        ALT CDATA #IMPLIED
3233	        ALIGN (top|middle|bottom) #IMPLIED
3234	        ISMAP (ISMAP) #IMPLIED
3235	        %SDAPREF; "<Fig><?SDATrans Img: #AttList>#AttVal(Alt)</Fig>"
3236	        >

3238	<!-- <IMG>              Image; icon, glyph or illustration      -->
3239	<!-- <IMG SRC="...">    Address of image object                 -->
3240	<!-- <IMG ALT="...">    Textual alternative                     -->
3241	<!-- <IMG ALIGN=...>    Position relative to text               -->
3242	<!-- <IMG ISMAP>        Each pixel can be a link                -->

3244	<!--========== Paragraphs=======================-->

3246	<!ELEMENT P     - O (%text)*>
3247	<!ATTLIST P
3248	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

3250	        %SDAFORM; "Para"
3251	        >

3253	<!-- <P>        Paragraph       -->

3255	<!--========== Headings, Titles, Sections ===============-->

3257	<!ELEMENT HR    - O EMPTY>
3258	<!ATTLIST HR
3259	        %SDAPREF; "&#RE;&#RE;"
3260	        >

3262	<!-- <HR>       Horizontal rule -->

3264	<!ELEMENT ( %heading )  - -  (%text;)*>
3265	<!ATTLIST H1
3266	        %SDAFORM; "H1"
3267	        >
3268	<!ATTLIST H2
3269	        %SDAFORM; "H2"
3270	        >
3271	<!ATTLIST H3
3272	        %SDAFORM; "H3"
3273	        >
3274	<!ATTLIST H4
3275	        %SDAFORM; "H4"
3276	        >
3277	<!ATTLIST H5
3278	        %SDAFORM; "H5"
3279	        >
3280	<!ATTLIST H6
3281	        %SDAFORM; "H6"
3282	        >

3284	<!-- <H1>       Heading, level 1 -->
3285	<!-- <H2>       Heading, level 2 -->
3286	<!-- <H3>       Heading, level 3 -->
3287	<!-- <H4>       Heading, level 4 -->
3288	<!-- <H5>       Heading, level 5 -->
3289	<!-- <H6>       Heading, level 6 -->

3291	<!--========== Text Flows ======================-->

3293	<![ %HTML.Forms [
3294	        <!ENTITY % block.forms "BLOCKQUOTE | FORM | ISINDEX">
3295	]]>

3297	<!ENTITY % block.forms "BLOCKQUOTE">
3298	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

3300	<![ %HTML.Deprecated [
3301	        <!ENTITY % preformatted "PRE | XMP | LISTING">
3302	]]>

3304	<!ENTITY % preformatted "PRE">

3306	<!ENTITY % block "P | %list | DL
3307	        | %preformatted
3308	        | %block.forms">

3310	<!ENTITY % flow "(%text|%block)*">

3312	<!ENTITY % pre.content "#PCDATA | A | HR | BR">
3313	<!ELEMENT PRE - - (%pre.content)*>
3314	<!ATTLIST PRE
3315	        WIDTH NUMBER #implied
3316	        %SDAFORM; "Lit"
3317	        >

3319	<!-- <PRE>              Preformatted text               -->
3320	<!-- <PRE WIDTH=...>    Maximum characters per line     -->

3322	<![ %HTML.Deprecated [

3324	<!ENTITY % literal "CDATA"
3325	        -- historical, non-conforming parsing mode where
3326	           the only markup signal is the end tag
3327	           in full
3328	        -->

3330	<!ELEMENT (XMP|LISTING) - -  %literal>
3331	<!ATTLIST XMP
3332	        %SDAFORM; "Lit"
3333	        %SDAPREF; "Example:&#RE;"
3334	        >
3335	<!ATTLIST LISTING
3336	        %SDAFORM; "Lit"
3337	        %SDAPREF; "Listing:&#RE;"
3338	        >

3340	<!-- <XMP>              Example section         -->
3341	<!-- <LISTING>          Computer listing        -->

3343	<!ELEMENT PLAINTEXT - O %literal>
3344	<!-- <PLAINTEXT>        Plain text passage      -->

3346	<!ATTLIST PLAINTEXT
3347	        %SDAFORM; "Lit"
3348	        >
3349	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

3351	]]>

3353	<!--========== Lists ==================-->

3355	<!ELEMENT DL    - -  (DT | DD)+>
3356	<!ATTLIST DL
3357	        COMPACT (COMPACT) #IMPLIED
3358	        %SDAFORM; "List"
3359	        %SDAPREF; "Definition List:"
3360	        >

3362	<!ELEMENT DT    - O (%text)*>
3363	<!ATTLIST DT
3364	        %SDAFORM; "Term"
3365	        >

3367	<!ELEMENT DD    - O %flow>
3368	<!ATTLIST DD
3369	        %SDAFORM; "LItem"
3370	        >

3372	<!-- <DL>               Definition list, or glossary    -->
3373	<!-- <DL COMPACT>       Compact style list              -->
3374	<!-- <DT>               Term in definition list         -->
3375	<!-- <DD>               Definition of term              -->

3377	<!ELEMENT (OL|UL) - -  (LI)+>
3378	<!ATTLIST OL
3379	        COMPACT (COMPACT) #IMPLIED
3380	        %SDAFORM; "List"
3381	        >
3382	<!ATTLIST UL
3383	        COMPACT (COMPACT) #IMPLIED
3384	        %SDAFORM; "List"
3385	        >
3386	<!-- <UL>               Unordered list                  -->
3387	<!-- <UL COMPACT>       Compact list style              -->
3388	<!-- <OL>               Ordered, or numbered list       -->
3389	<!-- <OL COMPACT>       Compact list style              -->

3391	<!ELEMENT (DIR|MENU) - -  (LI)+ -(%block)>
3392	<!ATTLIST DIR
3393	        COMPACT (COMPACT) #IMPLIED
3394	        %SDAFORM; "List"
3395	        %SDAPREF; "<LHead>Directory</LHead>"
3396	        >
3397	<!ATTLIST MENU
3398	        COMPACT (COMPACT) #IMPLIED
3399	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

3401	        %SDAFORM; "List"
3402	        %SDAPREF; "<LHead>Menu</LHead>"
3403	        >

3405	<!-- <DIR>              Directory list                  -->
3406	<!-- <DIR COMPACT>      Compact list style              -->
3407	<!-- <MENU>             Menu list                       -->
3408	<!-- <MENU COMPACT>     Compact list style              -->

3410	<!ELEMENT LI    - O %flow>
3411	<!ATTLIST LI
3412	        %SDAFORM; "LItem"
3413	        >

3415	<!-- <LI>               List item                       -->

3417	<!--========== Document Body ===================-->

3419	<![ %HTML.Recommended [
3420		<!ENTITY % body.content "(%heading|%block|HR|ADDRESS|IMG)*"
3421		-- <h1>Heading</h1>
3422		   <p>Text ...
3423			is preferred to
3424		   <h1>Heading</h1>
3425		   Text ...
3426		-->
3427	]]>

3429	<!ENTITY % body.content "(%heading | %text | %block |
3430					 HR | ADDRESS)*">

3432	<!ELEMENT BODY O O  %body.content>

3434	<!-- <BODY>     Document body   -->

3436	<!ELEMENT BLOCKQUOTE - - %body.content>
3437	<!ATTLIST BLOCKQUOTE
3438	        %SDAFORM; "BQ"
3439	        >

3441	<!-- <BLOCKQUOTE>       Quoted passage  -->

3443	<!ELEMENT ADDRESS - - (%text|P)*>
3444	<!ATTLIST  ADDRESS
3445	        %SDAFORM; "Lit"
3446	        %SDAPREF; "Address:&#RE;"
3447	        >

3449	<!-- <ADDRESS>	Address, signature, or byline	-->
3450	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

3452	<!--======= Forms ====================-->

3454	<![ %HTML.Forms [

3456	<!ELEMENT FORM - - %body.content -(FORM) +(INPUT|SELECT|TEXTAREA)>
3457	<!ATTLIST FORM
3458	        ACTION %URI #IMPLIED
3459	        METHOD (%HTTP-Method) GET
3460	        ENCTYPE %Content-Type; "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
3461	        %SDAPREF; "<Para>Form:</Para>"
3462	        %SDASUFF; "<Para>Form End.</Para>"
3463	        >

3465	<!-- <FORM>                     Fill-out or data-entry form     -->
3466	<!-- <FORM ACTION="...">        Address for completed form      -->
3467	<!-- <FORM METHOD=...>          Method of submitting form       -->
3468	<!-- <FORM ENCTYPE="...">       Representation of form data     -->

3470	<!ENTITY % InputType "(TEXT | PASSWORD | CHECKBOX |
3471	                        RADIO | SUBMIT | RESET |
3472	                        IMAGE | HIDDEN )">
3473	<!ELEMENT INPUT - O EMPTY>
3474	<!ATTLIST INPUT
3475		TYPE %InputType TEXT
3476		NAME CDATA #IMPLIED
3477		VALUE CDATA #IMPLIED
3478		SRC %URI #IMPLIED
3479		CHECKED (CHECKED) #IMPLIED
3480		SIZE CDATA #IMPLIED
3481		MAXLENGTH NUMBER #IMPLIED
3482		ALIGN (top|middle|bottom) #IMPLIED
3483	        %SDAPREF; "Input: "
3484		>

3486	<!-- <INPUT>			Form input datum		-->
3487	<!-- <INPUT TYPE=...>		Type of input interaction	-->
3488	<!-- <INPUT NAME=...>		Name of form datum		-->
3489	<!-- <INPUT VALUE="...">	Default/initial/selected value	-->
3490	<!-- <INPUT SRC="...">		Address of image		-->
3491	<!-- <INPUT CHECKED>		Initial state is "on"		-->
3492	<!-- <INPUT SIZE=...>		Field size hint			-->
3493	<!-- <INPUT MAXLENGTH=...>	Data length maximum		-->
3494	<!-- <INPUT ALIGN=...>		Image alignment			-->

3496	<!ELEMENT SELECT - - (OPTION+) -(INPUT|SELECT|TEXTAREA)>
3497	<!ATTLIST SELECT
3498	        NAME CDATA #REQUIRED
3499	        SIZE NUMBER #IMPLIED
3500	        MULTIPLE (MULTIPLE) #IMPLIED
3501	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

3503	        %SDAFORM; "List"
3504	        %SDAPREF;
3505	        "<LHead>Select #AttVal(Multiple)</LHead>"
3506		>

3508	<!-- <SELECT>			Selection of option(s)		-->
3509	<!-- <SELECT NAME=...>		Name of form datum		-->
3510	<!-- <SELECT SIZE=...>		Options displayed at a time	-->
3511	<!-- <SELECT MULTIPLE>		Multiple selections allowed	-->

3513	<!ELEMENT OPTION - O (#PCDATA)*>
3514	<!ATTLIST OPTION
3515	        SELECTED (SELECTED) #IMPLIED
3516	        VALUE CDATA #IMPLIED
3517	        %SDAFORM; "LItem"
3518	        %SDAPREF;
3519	        "Option: #AttVal(Value) #AttVal(Selected)"
3520		>

3522	<!-- <OPTION>			A selection option		-->
3523	<!-- <OPTION SELECTED>		Initial state			-->
3524	<!-- <OPTION VALUE="...">	Form datum value for this option-->

3526	<!ELEMENT TEXTAREA - - (#PCDATA)* -(INPUT|SELECT|TEXTAREA)>
3527	<!ATTLIST TEXTAREA
3528	        NAME CDATA #REQUIRED
3529	        ROWS NUMBER #REQUIRED
3530	        COLS NUMBER #REQUIRED
3531	        %SDAFORM; "Para"
3532	        %SDAPREF; "Input Text -- #AttVal(Name): "
3533	        >

3535	<!-- <TEXTAREA>			An area for text input		-->
3536	<!-- <TEXTAREA NAME=...>	Name of form datum		-->
3537	<!-- <TEXTAREA ROWS=...>	Height of area			-->
3538	<!-- <TEXTAREA COLS=...>	Width of area			-->

3540	]]>

3542	<!--======= Document Head ======================-->

3544	<![ %HTML.Recommended [
3545		<!ENTITY % head.extra "META* & LINK*">
3546	]]>

3548	<!ENTITY % head.extra "NEXTID? & META* & LINK*">

3550	<!ENTITY % head.content "TITLE & ISINDEX? & BASE? &
3551				 (%head.extra)">
3552	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

3554	<!ELEMENT HEAD O O  (%head.content)>

3556	<!-- <HEAD>     Document head   -->

3558	<!ELEMENT TITLE - -  (#PCDATA)*>
3559	<!ATTLIST TITLE
3560	        %SDAFORM; "Ti"    >

3562	<!-- <TITLE>    Title of document -->

3564	<!ELEMENT LINK - O EMPTY>
3565	<!ATTLIST LINK
3566	        HREF %URI #REQUIRED
3567	        %linkExtraAttributes;
3568	        %SDAPREF; "Linked to : #AttVal (TITLE) (URN) (HREF)>"    >

3570	<!-- <LINK>		Link from this document			-->
3571	<!-- <LINK HREF="...">	Address of link destination		-->
3572	<!-- <LINK URN="...">	Lasting name of destination		-->
3573	<!-- <LINK REL=...>	Relationship to destination		-->
3574	<!-- <LINK REV=...>	Relationship of destination to this 	-->
3575	<!-- <LINK TITLE="...">	Title of destination (advisory)	 	-->
3576	<!-- <LINK METHODS="..."> Operations allowed (advisory)		-->

3578	<!ELEMENT ISINDEX - O EMPTY>
3579	<!ATTLIST ISINDEX
3580	        %SDAPREF;
3581	   "<Para>[Document is indexed/searchable.]</Para>">

3583	<!-- <ISINDEX>          Document is a searchable index          -->

3585	<!ELEMENT BASE - O EMPTY>
3586	<!ATTLIST BASE
3587	        HREF %URI; #REQUIRED     >

3589	<!-- <BASE>             Base context document                   -->
3590	<!-- <BASE HREF="...">  Address for this document               -->

3592	<!ELEMENT NEXTID - O EMPTY>
3593	<!ATTLIST NEXTID
3594	        N %linkName #REQUIRED     >

3596	<!-- <NEXTID>		Next ID to use for link name		-->
3597	<!-- <NEXTID N=...>	Next ID to use for link name		-->

3599	<!ELEMENT META - O EMPTY>
3600	<!ATTLIST META
3601	        HTTP-EQUIV  NAME    #IMPLIED
3602	        NAME        NAME    #IMPLIED
3603	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

3605	        CONTENT     CDATA   #REQUIRED    >

3607	<!-- <META>                     Generic Metainformation         -->
3608	<!-- <META HTTP-EQUIV=...>      HTTP response header name       -->
3609	<!-- <META HTTP-EQUIV=...>      Metainformation name            -->
3610	<!-- <META CONTENT="...">       Associated information          -->

3612	<!--======= Document Structure =================-->

3614	<![ %HTML.Deprecated [
3615	        <!ENTITY % html.content "HEAD, BODY, PLAINTEXT?">
3616	]]>
3617	<!ENTITY % html.content "HEAD, BODY">

3619	<!ELEMENT HTML O O  (%html.content)>
3620	<!ENTITY % version.attr "VERSION CDATA #FIXED '%HTML.Version;'">

3622	<!ATTLIST HTML
3623	        %version.attr;
3624	        %SDAFORM; "Book"
3625	        >

3627	<!-- <HTML>			HTML Document	-->

3629	5.2.1 ISO Latin 1 Definitions for HTML

3631	<!-- (C) International Organization for Standardization 1986
3632	     Permission to copy in any form is granted for use with
3633	     conforming SGML systems and applications as defined in
3634	     ISO 8879:1986, provided this notice is included in all copies.
3635	-->
3636	<!-- Character entity set. Typical invocation:
3637	     <!ENTITY % ISOlat1 PUBLIC
3638	       "-//IETF//ENTITIES Added Latin 1 for HTML//EN">
3639	     %ISOlat1;
3640	-->
3641	<!-- Modified for use in HTML
3642	   $Id: ISOlat1.sgml,v 1.1 1994/09/24 14:06:34 connolly Exp $ -->
3643	<!ENTITY AElig  CDATA "&#198;" -- capital AE diphthong (ligature) -->
3644	<!ENTITY Aacute CDATA "&#193;" -- capital A, acute accent -->
3645	<!ENTITY Acirc  CDATA "&#194;" -- capital A, circumflex accent -->
3646	<!ENTITY Agrave CDATA "&#192;" -- capital A, grave accent -->
3647	<!ENTITY Aring  CDATA "&#197;" -- capital A, ring -->
3648	<!ENTITY Atilde CDATA "&#195;" -- capital A, tilde -->
3649	<!ENTITY Auml   CDATA "&#196;" -- capital A, dieresis or umlaut mark -->
3650	<!ENTITY Ccedil CDATA "&#199;" -- capital C, cedilla -->
3651	<!ENTITY ETH    CDATA "&#208;" -- capital Eth, Icelandic -->
3652	<!ENTITY Eacute CDATA "&#201;" -- capital E, acute accent -->
3653	<!ENTITY Ecirc  CDATA "&#202;" -- capital E, circumflex accent -->
3654	<!ENTITY Egrave CDATA "&#200;" -- capital E, grave accent -->
3655	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

3657	<!ENTITY Euml   CDATA "&#203;" -- capital E, dieresis or umlaut mark -->
3658	<!ENTITY Iacute CDATA "&#205;" -- capital I, acute accent -->
3659	<!ENTITY Icirc  CDATA "&#206;" -- capital I, circumflex accent -->
3660	<!ENTITY Igrave CDATA "&#204;" -- capital I, grave accent -->
3661	<!ENTITY Iuml   CDATA "&#207;" -- capital I, dieresis or umlaut mark -->
3662	<!ENTITY Ntilde CDATA "&#209;" -- capital N, tilde -->
3663	<!ENTITY Oacute CDATA "&#211;" -- capital O, acute accent -->
3664	<!ENTITY Ocirc  CDATA "&#212;" -- capital O, circumflex accent -->
3665	<!ENTITY Ograve CDATA "&#210;" -- capital O, grave accent -->
3666	<!ENTITY Oslash CDATA "&#216;" -- capital O, slash -->
3667	<!ENTITY Otilde CDATA "&#213;" -- capital O, tilde -->
3668	<!ENTITY Ouml   CDATA "&#214;" -- capital O, dieresis or umlaut mark -->
3669	<!ENTITY THORN  CDATA "&#222;" -- capital THORN, Icelandic -->
3670	<!ENTITY Uacute CDATA "&#218;" -- capital U, acute accent -->
3671	<!ENTITY Ucirc  CDATA "&#219;" -- capital U, circumflex accent -->
3672	<!ENTITY Ugrave CDATA "&#217;" -- capital U, grave accent -->
3673	<!ENTITY Uuml   CDATA "&#220;" -- capital U, dieresis or umlaut mark -->
3674	<!ENTITY Yacute CDATA "&#221;" -- capital Y, acute accent -->
3675	<!ENTITY aacute CDATA "&#225;" -- small a, acute accent -->
3676	<!ENTITY acirc  CDATA "&#226;" -- small a, circumflex accent -->
3677	<!ENTITY aelig  CDATA "&#230;" -- small ae diphthong (ligature) -->
3678	<!ENTITY agrave CDATA "&#224;" -- small a, grave accent -->
3679	<!ENTITY aring  CDATA "&#229;" -- small a, ring -->
3680	<!ENTITY atilde CDATA "&#227;" -- small a, tilde -->
3681	<!ENTITY auml   CDATA "&#228;" -- small a, dieresis or umlaut mark -->
3682	<!ENTITY ccedil CDATA "&#231;" -- small c, cedilla -->
3683	<!ENTITY eacute CDATA "&#233;" -- small e, acute accent -->
3684	<!ENTITY ecirc  CDATA "&#234;" -- small e, circumflex accent -->
3685	<!ENTITY egrave CDATA "&#232;" -- small e, grave accent -->
3686	<!ENTITY eth    CDATA "&#240;" -- small eth, Icelandic -->
3687	<!ENTITY euml   CDATA "&#235;" -- small e, dieresis or umlaut mark -->
3688	<!ENTITY iacute CDATA "&#237;" -- small i, acute accent -->
3689	<!ENTITY icirc  CDATA "&#238;" -- small i, circumflex accent -->
3690	<!ENTITY igrave CDATA "&#236;" -- small i, grave accent -->
3691	<!ENTITY iuml   CDATA "&#239;" -- small i, dieresis or umlaut mark -->
3692	<!ENTITY ntilde CDATA "&#241;" -- small n, tilde -->
3693	<!ENTITY oacute CDATA "&#243;" -- small o, acute accent -->
3694	<!ENTITY ocirc  CDATA "&#244;" -- small o, circumflex accent -->
3695	<!ENTITY ograve CDATA "&#242;" -- small o, grave accent -->
3696	<!ENTITY oslash CDATA "&#248;" -- small o, slash -->
3697	<!ENTITY otilde CDATA "&#245;" -- small o, tilde -->
3698	<!ENTITY ouml   CDATA "&#246;" -- small o, dieresis or umlaut mark -->
3699	<!ENTITY szlig  CDATA "&#223;" -- small sharp s, German(sz ligature)-->
3700	<!ENTITY thorn  CDATA "&#254;" -- small thorn, Icelandic -->
3701	<!ENTITY uacute CDATA "&#250;" -- small u, acute accent -->
3702	<!ENTITY ucirc  CDATA "&#251;" -- small u, circumflex accent -->
3703	<!ENTITY ugrave CDATA "&#249;" -- small u, grave accent -->
3704	<!ENTITY uuml   CDATA "&#252;" -- small u, dieresis or umlaut mark -->
3705	<!ENTITY yacute CDATA "&#253;" -- small y, acute accent -->
3706	<!ENTITY yuml   CDATA "&#255;" -- small y, dieresis or umlaut mark -->
3707	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

3709	   5.3 HTML Level 0 DTD

3711	      This is the Document Type Definition for the HyperText
3712	      Markup Language as used by minimally conforming World Wide
3713	      Web applications (HTML Level 0 DTD):

3715	<!--	html-0.dtd

3717	        Document Type Definition for the HyperText Markup Language
3718	        as used by minimally conforming World Wide Web applications
3719		(HTML Level 0 DTD).

3721		$Id: html-0.dtd,v 1.11 1995/01/28 05:59:32 connolly Exp $

3723		Author: Daniel W. Connolly <connolly@hal.com>
3724		See Also: http://www.hal.com/%7Econnolly/html-spec/index.html
3725			  http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/MarkUp2/MarkUp.html
3726	-->

3728	<!ENTITY % HTML.Version
3729		"-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0 Level 0//EN"
3730		-- public identifier for "minimal conformance" version             --

3732	        -- Typical usage:

3734	            <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC
3735			"-//IETF//DTD HTML Level 0//EN">
3736		    <html>
3737		    ...
3738		    </html>
3739		--
3740		>

3742	<!-- Feature Test Entities -->

3744	<!ENTITY % HTML.Highlighting "IGNORE">
3745	<!ENTITY % HTML.Forms "IGNORE">

3747	<!ENTITY % head.extra " ">
3748	<!ENTITY % linkExtraAttributes " ">

3750	<!ENTITY % html PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN">
3751	%html;

3753	   5.4 HTML Level 1 DTD

3755	      This is the Document Type Definition for the HyperText
3756	      Markup Language with Level 1 Extensions (HTML Level 1 DTD):

3758	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

3760	<!--	html-1.dtd

3762	        Document Type Definition for the HyperText Markup Language
3763		with Level 1 Extensions	(HTML Level 1 DTD).

3765		$Id: html-1.dtd,v 1.6 1994/11/30 23:45:26 connolly Exp $

3767		Author: Daniel W. Connolly <connolly@hal.com>
3768		See Also: http://www.hal.com/%7Econnolly/html-spec/index.html
3769			  http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/MarkUp2/MarkUp.html
3770	-->

3772	<!ENTITY % HTML.Version
3773		"-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0 Level 1//EN"

3775	        -- Typical usage:

3777	            <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC
3778			"-//IETF//DTD HTML Level 1//EN">
3779		    <html>
3780		    ...
3781		    </html>
3782		--
3783		>

3785	<!-- Feature Test Entities -->
3786	<!ENTITY % HTML.Forms "IGNORE">

3788	<!ENTITY % html PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN">
3789	%html;

3791	7. Glossary

3793	   The HTML specification uses these words with precise
3794	   meanings:

3796	   attribute

3798	      A syntactical component of an HTML element which is
3799	      often used to specify a characteristic quality of an
3800	      element, other than type or content.

3802	   document type definition (DTD)

3804	      A DTD is a collection of declarations (entity, element,
3805	      attribute, link, map, etc.) in SGML syntax that defines
3806	      the components and structures available for a class
3807	      (type) of documents.

3809	   element
3810	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

3812	      A component of the hierarchical structure defined by the
3813	      document type definition; it is identified in a document
3814	      instance by descriptive markup, usually a start-tag and
3815	      an end-tag.

3817	   HTML

3819	      HyperText Markup Language.

3821	   HTML user agent

3823	      Any tool used with HTML documents.

3825	   HTML document

3827	      A collection of information represented as a sequence of
3828	      characters. An HTML document consists of data characters
3829	      and markup. In particular, the markup describes a
3830	      structure conforming to the HTML document type
3831	      definition.

3833	   HTTP

3835	      A generic stateless object-oriented protocol, which may
3836	      be used for many similar tasks by extending the
3837	      commands, or "methods", used. For example, you might use
3838	      HTTP for name servers and distributed object-oriented
3839	      systems, With HTTP, the negotiation of data
3840	      representation allows systems to be built independent of
3841	      the development of new representations. For more
3842	      information see:
3843	      http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/Protocols/HTTP/HTTP2.html

3845	   (document) instance

3847	      The document itself including the actual content with
3848	      the actual markup. Can be a single document or part of a
3849	      document instance set that follows the DTD.

3851	   markup

3853	      Text added to the data of a document to convey
3854	      information about it. There are four different kinds of
3855	      markup: descriptive markup (tags), references, markup
3856	      declarations, and processing instructions.

3858	   Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)

3860	      An extension to Internet email which provides the
3861	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

3863	      ability to transfer non-textual data, such as graphics,
3864	      audio and fax. It is defined in RFC 1341.

3866	   representation

3868	      The encoding of information for interchange. For
3869	      example, HTML is a representation of hypertext.

3871	   rendering

3873	      Formatting and presenting information.

3875	   SGML

3877	      Standard Generalized Markup Language is a data encoding
3878	      that allows the information in documents to be shared -
3879	      either by other document publishing systems or by
3880	      applications for electronic delivery, configuration
3881	      management, database management, inventory control, etc.
3882	      Defined in ISO 8879:1986 Information Processing Text and
3883	      Office Systems; Standard Generalized Markup Language
3884	      (SGML).

3886	   SGMLS

3888	      An SGML parser by James Clark, jjc@jclark.com, derived
3889	      from the ARCSGML parser materials which were written by
3890	      Charles F. Goldfarb. The source is available at
3891	      ftp.ifi.uio.no/pub/SGML/SGMLS.

3893	   tag

3895	      Descriptive markup. There are two kinds of tags; start-
3896	      tags and end-tags.

3898	   URI

3900	      Universal Resource Identifiers (URIs) is the name for a
3901	      generic WWW identifier. The URI specification simply
3902	      defines the syntax for encoding arbitrary naming or
3903	      addressing schemes, and has a list of such schemes. See
3904	      also: http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/Addressing/Addressing.html

3906	   WWW

3908	      A hypertext-based, distributed information system
3909	      created by researchers at CERN in Switzerland. Users may
3910	      create, edit or browse hypertext documents. The clients
3911	      and servers are freely available.See also:
3912	      http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html
3913	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

3915	   7.1 Imperatives

3917	      may

3919	         The implementation is not obliged to follow this in any
3920	         way.

3922	      must

3924	         If this is not followed, the implementation does not
3925	         conform to this specification.

3927	      shall

3929	         If this is not followed, the implementation does not
3930	         conform to this specification.

3932	      should

3934	         If this is not followed, though the implementation
3935	         officially conforms to the specification, undesirable
3936	         results may occur in practice.

3938	      typical

3940	         Typical rendering is described for many elements. This
3941	         is not a mandatory part of the specification but is
3942	         given as guidance for designers and to help explain the
3943	         uses for which the elements were intended.

3945	8. References

3947	   The HTML specification cites these works:

3949	   HTTP

3951	      HTTP: A Protocol for Networked Information. This
3952	      document is available at
3953	      http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/Protocols/HTTP/HTTP2.h
3954	      tml.

3956	   MIME

3958	      N. Borenstein, N. Freed, MIME (Multipurpose Internet
3959	      Mail Extensions) Part One: Mechanisms for Specifying and
3960	      Describing the Format of Internet Message Bodies,
3961	      09/23/1993. (Pages=81) (Format=.txt, .ps) (Obsoletes
3962	      RFC1341) (Updated by RFC1590).

3964	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

3966	   SGML

3968	      ISO Standard 8879:1986 Information Processing Text and
3969	      Office Systems; Standard Generalized Markup Language
3970	      (SGML).

3972	   SGMLS

3974	      An SGML parser by James Clark, jjc@jclark.com, derived
3975	      from the ARCSGML parser materials which were written by
3976	      Charles F. Goldfarb. The source is available at
3977	      ftp.ifi.uio.no/pub/SGML/SGMLS.

3979	   URI

3981	      Universal Resource Identifiers. Available by anonymous
3982	      FTP as Postscript (info.cern.ch/pub/www/doc/url.ps) or
3983	      text (info.cern.ch/pub/www/doc/url.txt)

3985	   WWW

3987	      The World Wide Web , a global information initiative.
3988	      For bootstrap information, telnet info.cern.ch or find
3989	      documents by ftp://info.cern.ch/pub/www/doc.

3991	9. Acknowledgments

3993	   The HTML document type was designed by Tim Berners-Lee
3994	   at CERN as part of the 1990 World Wide Web project. In
3995	   1992, Dan Connolly wrote the HTML Document Type
3996	   Definition (DTD) and a brief HTML specification.

3998	   Since 1993, a wide variety of Internet participants have
3999	   contributed to the evolution of HTML, which has included
4000	   the addition of in-line images introduced by the NCSA
4001	   Mosaic software for WWW. Dave Raggett played an
4002	   important role in deriving the FORMS material from the
4003	   HTML+ specification.

4005	   Dan Connolly and Karen Olson Muldrow rewrote the HTML
4006	   Specification in 1994.

4008	   Special thanks to the many people who have contributed
4009	   to this specification:

4011	   -  Terry Allen; O'Reilly & Associates; terry@ora.com

4013	   -  Marc Andreessen; Netscape Communications Corp;
4014	      marca@mcom.com
4015	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

4017	   -  Paul Burchard; The Geometry Center, University of
4018	      Minnesota; burchard@geom.umn.edu

4020	   -  James Clark; jjc@jclark.com

4022	   -  Daniel W. Connolly; HaL Computer Systems; connolly@hal.com

4024	   -  Roy Fielding; University of California, Irvine;
4025	      fielding@ics.uci.edu

4027	   -  Peter Flynn; University College Cork, Ireland; pflynn@www.ucc.ie

4029	   -  Jay Glicksman; Enterprise Integration Technology; jay@eit.com

4031	   -  Paul Grosso; ArborText, Inc.; paul@arbortext.com

4033	   -  Eduardo Gutentag; Sun Microsystems; eduardo@Eng.Sun.com

4035	   -  Bill Hefley; Software Engineering Institute,
4036	      Carnegie Mellon University; weh@sei.cmu.edu

4038	   -  Chung-Jen Ho; Xerox Corporation; cho@xsoft.xerox.com

4040	   -  Mike Knezovich; Spyglass, Inc.; mike@spyglass.com

4042	   -  Tim Berners-Lee; CERN; timbl@info.cern.ch

4044	   -  Tom Magliery; NCSA; mag@ncsa.uiuc.edu

4046	   -  Murray Maloney; Toronto Development Centre, The
4047	      Santa Cruz Operation (SCO); murray@sco.com

4049	   -  Larry Masinter; Xerox Palo Alto Research Center;
4050	      masinter@parc.xerox.com

4052	   -  Karen Olson Muldrow; HaL Computer Systems; karen@hal.com

4054	   -  Bill Perry, Spry, Inc., wmperry@spry.com

4056	   -  Dave Raggett, Hewlett Packard, dsr@hplb.hpl.hp.com

4058	   -  E. Corprew Reed; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory; corp@cshl.org

4060	   -  Yuri Rubinsky; SoftQuad, Inc.; yuri@sq.com

4062	   -  Eric Schieler; Spyglass, Inc.; eschieler@spyglass.com

4064	   -  James L. Seidman; Spyglass, Inc.; jim@spyglass.com

4066	   -  Eric W. Sink; Spyglass, Inc.; eric@spyglass.com
4067	                                HTML 2.0                February 8, 1995

4069	   -  Stuart Weibel; OCLC Office of Research; weibel@oclc.org

4071	   -  Chris Wilson; Spry, Inc.; cwilson@spry.com

4073	10. Author's Addresses

4075	   Tim Berners-Lee
4076	   timbl@quag.lcs.mit.edu

4078	   Daniel W. Connolly
4079	   Hal Software Systems
4080	   3006A Longhorn Blvd.
4081	   Austin, TX 78758

4083	   phone: (512) 834-9962 extension 5010
4084	   fax:   (512) 823-9963
4085	   URL:   http://www.hal.com/~connolly
4086	   email: connolly@hal.com