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Asati 25 Cisco 26 M. Smith 27 November 1, 2020 29 In-situ OAM IPv6 Options 30 draft-ietf-ippm-ioam-ipv6-options-04 32 Abstract 34 In-situ Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (IOAM) records 35 operational and telemetry information in the packet while the packet 36 traverses a path between two points in the network. This document 37 outlines how IOAM data fields are encapsulated in IPv6. 39 Status of This Memo 41 This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the 42 provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. 44 Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering 45 Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute 46 working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- 47 Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. 49 Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months 50 and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any 51 time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference 52 material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." 54 This Internet-Draft will expire on May 5, 2021. 56 Copyright Notice 58 Copyright (c) 2020 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the 59 document authors. All rights reserved. 61 This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal 62 Provisions Relating to IETF Documents 63 (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of 64 publication of this document. Please review these documents 65 carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect 66 to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must 67 include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of 68 the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as 69 described in the Simplified BSD License. 71 Table of Contents 73 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 74 2. Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 75 2.1. Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 76 2.2. Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 77 3. In-situ OAM Metadata Transport in IPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . 3 78 4. IOAM Deployment In IPv6 Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 79 4.1. Considerations for IOAM deployment in IPv6 networks . . . 6 80 4.2. IOAM domains bounded by hosts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 81 4.3. IOAM domains bounded by network devices . . . . . . . . . 7 82 4.4. Deployment options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 83 4.4.1. IPv6-in-IPv6 encapsulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 84 4.4.2. IP-in-IPv6 encapsulation with ULA . . . . . . . . . . 8 85 4.4.3. x-in-IPv6 Encapsulation that is used Independently . 9 86 5. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 87 6. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 88 7. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 89 8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 90 8.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 91 8.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 92 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 94 1. Introduction 96 In-situ Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (IOAM) records 97 operational and telemetry information in the packet while the packet 98 traverses a path between two points in the network. This document 99 outlines how IOAM data fields are encapsulated in the IPv6 [RFC8200] 100 and discusses deployment options for networks that use 101 IPv6-encapsulated IOAM data fields. These options have distinct 102 deployment considerations; for example, the IOAM domain can either be 103 between hosts, or be between IOAM encapsulating and decapsulating 104 network nodes that forward traffic, such as routers. 106 2. Conventions 108 2.1. Requirements Language 110 The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", 111 "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and 112 "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 113 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all 114 capitals, as shown here. 116 2.2. Abbreviations 118 Abbreviations used in this document: 120 E2E: Edge-to-Edge 122 IOAM: In-situ Operations, Administration, and Maintenance 124 ION: IOAM Overlay Network 126 OAM: Operations, Administration, and Maintenance 128 POT: Proof of Transit 130 3. In-situ OAM Metadata Transport in IPv6 132 In-situ OAM in IPv6 is used to enhance diagnostics of IPv6 networks. 133 It complements other mechanisms designed to enhance diagnostics of 134 IPv6 networks, such as the IPv6 Performance and Diagnostic Metrics 135 Destination Option described in [RFC8250]. 137 IOAM data fields can be encapsulated in "option data" fields using 138 two types of extension headers in IPv6 packets - either Hop-by-Hop 139 Options header or Destination options header. Deployments select one 140 of these extension header types depending on how IOAM is used, as 141 described in section 4 of [I-D.ietf-ippm-ioam-data]. Multiple 142 options with the same Option Type MAY appear in the same Hop-by-Hop 143 Options or Destination Options header, with distinct content. 145 In order for IOAM to work in IPv6 networks, IOAM MUST be explicitly 146 enabled per interface on every node within the IOAM domain. Unless a 147 particular interface is explicitly enabled (i.e., explicitly 148 configured) for IOAM, a router MUST drop packets that contain 149 extension headers carrying IOAM data-fields. This is the default 150 behavior and is independent of whether the Hop-by-Hop options or 151 Destination options are used to encode the IOAM data. This ensures 152 that IOAM data does not unintentionally get forwarded outside the 153 IOAM domain. 155 An IPv6 packet carrying IOAM data in an Extension header can have 156 other extension headers, compliant with [RFC8200]. 158 IPv6 Hop-by-Hop and Destination Option format for carrying in-situ 159 OAM data fields: 161 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ 162 | Option Type | Opt Data Len | Reserved | IOAM Type | 163 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+<-+ 164 | | | 165 . . I 166 . . O 167 . . A 168 . . M 169 . . . 170 . Option Data . O 171 . . P 172 . . T 173 . . I 174 . . O 175 . . N 176 | | | 177 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+<-+ 179 Option Type: 8-bit option type identifier as defined inSection 6. 181 Opt Data Len: 8-bit unsigned integer. Length of this option, in 182 octets, not including the first 2 octets. 184 Reserved: 8-bit field MUST be set to zero upon transmission and 185 ignored upon reception. 187 IOAM Type: 8-bit field as defined in section 7.2 in 188 [I-D.ietf-ippm-ioam-data]. 190 Option Data: Variable-length field. Option-Type-specific data. 192 In-situ OAM Options are inserted as Option data as follows: 194 1. Pre-allocated Trace Option: The in-situ OAM Preallocated Trace 195 option defined in [I-D.ietf-ippm-ioam-data] is represented as an 196 IPv6 option in Hop-by-Hop extension header: 198 Option Type: 001xxxxx 8-bit identifier of the IOAM type of 199 option. xxxxx=TBD. 201 IOAM Type: IOAM Pre-allocated Trace Option Type. 203 2. Incremental Trace Option: The in-situ OAM Incremental Trace 204 option defined in [I-D.ietf-ippm-ioam-data] is represented as an 205 IPv6 option in Hop-by-Hop extension header: 207 Option Type: 001xxxxx 8-bit identifier of the IOAM type of 208 option. xxxxx=TBD. 210 IOAM Type: IOAM Incremental Trace Option Type. 212 3. Proof of Transit Option: The in-situ OAM POT option defined in 213 [I-D.ietf-ippm-ioam-data] is represented as an IPv6 option in 214 Hop-by-Hop extension header: 216 Option Type: 001xxxxx 8-bit identifier of the IOAM type of 217 option. xxxxx=TBD. 219 IOAM Type: IOAM POT Option Type. 221 4. Edge to Edge Option: The in-situ OAM E2E option defined in 222 [I-D.ietf-ippm-ioam-data] is represented as an IPv6 option in 223 Destination extension header: 225 Option Type: 000xxxxx 8-bit identifier of the IOAM type of 226 option. xxxxx=TBD. 228 IOAM Type: IOAM E2E Option Type. 230 All the in-situ OAM IPv6 options defined here have alignment 231 requirements. Specifically, they all require 4n alignment. This 232 ensures that fields specified in [I-D.ietf-ippm-ioam-data] are 233 aligned at a multiple-of-4 offset from the start of the Hop-by-Hop 234 and Destination Options header. In addition, to maintain IPv6 235 extension header 8-octet alignment and avoid the need to add or 236 remove padding at every hop, the Trace-Type for Incremental Trace 237 Option in IPv6 MUST be selected such that the IOAM node data length 238 is a multiple of 8-octets. 240 4. IOAM Deployment In IPv6 Networks 242 4.1. Considerations for IOAM deployment in IPv6 networks 244 IOAM deployments in IPv6 networks should take the following 245 considerations and requirements into account: 247 C1 It is desirable that the addition of IOAM data fields neither 248 changes the way routers forward packets nor the forwarding 249 decisions the routers take. Packets with added OAM information 250 should follow the same path within the domain that an identical 251 packet without OAM information would follow, even in the presence 252 of ECMP. Such behavior is particularly important for deployments 253 where IOAM data fields are only added "on-demand", e.g., to 254 provide further insights in case of undesired network behavior for 255 certain flows. Implementations of IOAM SHOULD ensure that ECMP 256 behavior for packets with and without IOAM data fields is the 257 same. 259 C2 Given that IOAM data fields increase the total size of a packet, 260 the size of a packet including the IOAM data could exceed the 261 PMTU. In particular, the incremental trace IOAM Hop-by-Hop (HbH) 262 Option, which is intended to support hardware implementations of 263 IOAM, changes Option Data Length en-route. Operators of an IOAM 264 domain SHOULD ensure that the addition of OAM information does not 265 lead to fragmentation of the packet, e.g., by configuring the MTU 266 of transit routers and switches to a sufficiently high value. 267 Careful control of the MTU in a network is one of the reasons why 268 IOAM is considered a domain-specific feature (see also 269 [I-D.ietf-ippm-ioam-data]). In addition, the PMTU tolerance range 270 in the IOAM domain should be identified (e.g., through 271 configuration) and IOAM encapsulation operations and/or IOAM data 272 field insertion (in case of incremental tracing) should not be 273 performed if it exceeds the packet size beyond PMTU. 275 C3 Packets with IOAM data or associated ICMP errors, should not 276 arrive at destinations that have no knowledge of IOAM. For 277 exmample, if IOAM is used in in transit devices, misleading ICMP 278 errors due to addition and/or presence of OAM data in a packet 279 could confuse the host that sent the packet if it did not insert 280 the OAM information. 282 C4 OAM data leaks can affect the forwarding behavior and state of 283 network elements outside an IOAM domain. IOAM domains SHOULD 284 provide a mechanism to prevent data leaks or be able to ensure 285 that if a leak occurs, network elements outside the domain are not 286 affected (i.e., they continue to process other valid packets). 288 C5 The source that inserts and leaks the IOAM data needs to be easy 289 to identify for the purpose of troubleshooting, due to the high 290 complexity of troubleshooting a source that inserted the IOAM data 291 and did not remove it when the packet traversed across an 292 Autonomous System (AS). Such a troubleshooting process might 293 require coordination between multiple operators, complex 294 configuration verification, packet capture analysis, etc. 296 C6 Compliance with [RFC8200] requires OAM data to be encapsulated 297 instead of header/option insertion directly into in-flight packets 298 using the original IPv6 header. 300 4.2. IOAM domains bounded by hosts 302 For deployments where the IOAM domain is bounded by hosts, hosts will 303 perform the operation of IOAM data field encapsulation and 304 decapsulation. IOAM data is carried in IPv6 packets as Hop-by-Hop or 305 Destination options as specified in this document. 307 4.3. IOAM domains bounded by network devices 309 For deployments where the IOAM domain is bounded by network devices, 310 network devices such as routers form the edge of an IOAM domain. 311 Network devices will perform the operation of IOAM data field 312 encapsulation and decapsulation. 314 4.4. Deployment options 316 This section lists out possible deployment options that can be 317 employed to meet the requirements listed in Section 4.1. 319 4.4.1. IPv6-in-IPv6 encapsulation 321 The "IPv6-in-IPv6" approach preserves the original IP packet and add 322 an IPv6 header including IOAM data fields in an extension header in 323 front of it, to forward traffic within and across an IOAM domain. 324 The overlay network formed by the additional IPv6 header with the 325 IOAM data fields included in an extension header is referred to as 326 IOAM Overlay Network (ION) in this document. 328 The following steps should be taken to perform an IPv6-in-IPv6 329 approach: 331 1. The source address of the outer IPv6 header is that of the IOAM 332 encapsulating node. The destination address of the outer IPv6 333 header is the same as the inner IPv6 destination address, i.e., 334 the destination address of the packet does not change. 336 2. To simplify debugging in case of leaked IOAM data fields, 337 consider a new IOAM E2E destination option to identify the Source 338 IOAM domain (AS, v6 prefix). Insert this option into the IOAM 339 destination options EH attached to the outer IPv6 header. This 340 additional information would allow for easy identification of an 341 AS operator that is the source of packets with leaked IOAM 342 information. Note that leaked packets with IOAM data fields 343 would only occur in case a router would be misconfigured. 345 3. All the IOAM options are defined with type "00" - skip over this 346 option and continue processing the header. Presence of these 347 options must not cause packet drops in network elements that do 348 not understand the option. In addition, 349 [I-D.ietf-6man-hbh-header-handling] should be considered. 351 4.4.2. IP-in-IPv6 encapsulation with ULA 353 The "IP-in-IPv6 encapsulation with ULA" [RFC4193] approach can be 354 used to apply IOAM to either an IPv6 or an IPv4 network. In 355 addition, it fulfills requirement C4 (avoid leaks) by using ULA for 356 the ION. Similar to the IPv6-in-IPv6 encapsulation approach above, 357 the original IP packet is preserved. An IPv6 header including IOAM 358 data fields in an extension header is added in front of it, to 359 forward traffic within and across the IOAM domain. IPv6 addresses 360 for the ION, i.e. the outer IPv6 addresses are assigned from the ULA 361 space. Addressing and routing in the ION are to be configured so 362 that the IP-in-IPv6 encapsulated packets follow the same path as the 363 original, non-encapsulated packet would have taken. This would 364 create an internal IPv6 forwarding topology using the IOAM domain's 365 interior ULA address space which is parallel with the forwarding 366 topology that exists with the non-IOAM address space (the topology 367 and address space that would be followed by packets that do not have 368 supplemental IOAM information). Establishment and maintenance of the 369 parallel IOAM ULA forwarding topology could be automated, e.g., 370 similar to how LDP [RFC5036] is used in MPLS to establish and 371 maintain an LSP forwarding topology that is parallel to the network's 372 IGP forwarding topology. 374 Transit across the ION could leverage the transit approach for 375 traffic between BGP border routers, as described in [RFC1772], "A.2.3 376 Encapsulation". Assuming that the operational guidelines specified 377 in Section 4 of [RFC4193] are properly followed, the probability of 378 leaks in this approach will be almost close to zero. If the packets 379 do leak through IOAM egress device misconfiguration or partial IOAM 380 egress device failure, the packets' ULA destination address is 381 invalid outside of the IOAM domain. There is no exterior destination 382 to be reached, and the packets will be dropped when they encounter 383 either a router external to the IOAM domain that has a packet filter 384 that drops packets with ULA destinations, or a router that does not 385 have a default route. 387 4.4.3. x-in-IPv6 Encapsulation that is used Independently 389 In some cases it is desirable to monitor a domain that uses an 390 overlay network that is deployed independently of the need for IOAM, 391 e.g., an overlay network that runs Geneve-in-IPv6, or VXLAN-in-IPv6. 392 In this case IOAM can be encapsulated in as an extension header in 393 the tunnel (outer) IPv6 header. Thus, the tunnel encapsulating node 394 is also the IOAM encapsulating node, and the tunnel end point is also 395 the IOAM decapsulating node. 397 5. Security Considerations 399 This document describes the encapsulation of IOAM data fields in 400 IPv6. Security considerations of the specific IOAM data fields for 401 each case (i.e., Trace, Proof of Transit, and E2E) are described and 402 defined in [I-D.ietf-ippm-ioam-data]. 404 As this document describes new options for IPv6, these are similar to 405 the security considerations of [RFC8200] and the weakness documented 406 in [RFC8250]. 408 6. IANA Considerations 410 This draft requests the following IPv6 Option Type assignments from 411 the Destination Options and Hop-by-Hop Options sub-registry of 412 Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) Parameters. 414 http://www.iana.org/assignments/ipv6-parameters/ipv6- 415 parameters.xhtml#ipv6-parameters-2 417 Hex Value Binary Value Description Reference 418 act chg rest 419 ---------------------------------------------------------------- 420 TBD_1_0 00 0 TBD_1 IOAM [This draft] 421 TBD_1_1 00 1 TBD_1 IOAM [This draft] 423 7. Acknowledgements 425 The authors would like to thank Tom Herbert, Eric Vyncke, Nalini 426 Elkins, Srihari Raghavan, Ranganathan T S, Karthik Babu Harichandra 427 Babu, Akshaya Nadahalli, Stefano Previdi, Hemant Singh, Erik 428 Nordmark, LJ Wobker, Mark Smith, Andrew Yourtchenko and Justin Iurman 429 for the comments and advice. For the IPv6 encapsulation, this 430 document leverages concepts described in 431 [I-D.kitamura-ipv6-record-route]. The authors would like to 432 acknowledge the work done by the author Hiroshi Kitamura and people 433 involved in writing it. 435 8. References 437 8.1. Normative References 439 [I-D.ietf-ippm-ioam-data] 440 Brockners, F., Bhandari, S., Pignataro, C., Gredler, H., 441 Leddy, J., Youell, S., Mizrahi, T., Mozes, D., Lapukhov, 442 P., Chang, R., and d. daniel.bernier@bell.ca, "Data Fields 443 for In-situ OAM", draft-ietf-ippm-ioam-data-01 (work in 444 progress), October 2017. 446 [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate 447 Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, 448 DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, 449 . 451 [RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 452 2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174, 453 May 2017, . 455 8.2. Informative References 457 [I-D.ietf-6man-hbh-header-handling] 458 Baker, F. and R. Bonica, "IPv6 Hop-by-Hop Options 459 Extension Header", March 2016. 461 [I-D.kitamura-ipv6-record-route] 462 Kitamura, H., "Record Route for IPv6 (PR6) Hop-by-Hop 463 Option Extension", draft-kitamura-ipv6-record-route-00 464 (work in progress), November 2000. 466 [RFC1772] Rekhter, Y. and P. Gross, "Application of the Border 467 Gateway Protocol in the Internet", RFC 1772, 468 DOI 10.17487/RFC1772, March 1995, 469 . 471 [RFC4193] Hinden, R. and B. Haberman, "Unique Local IPv6 Unicast 472 Addresses", RFC 4193, DOI 10.17487/RFC4193, October 2005, 473 . 475 [RFC5036] Andersson, L., Ed., Minei, I., Ed., and B. Thomas, Ed., 476 "LDP Specification", RFC 5036, DOI 10.17487/RFC5036, 477 October 2007, . 479 [RFC8200] Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6 480 (IPv6) Specification", STD 86, RFC 8200, 481 DOI 10.17487/RFC8200, July 2017, 482 . 484 [RFC8250] Elkins, N., Hamilton, R., and M. Ackermann, "IPv6 485 Performance and Diagnostic Metrics (PDM) Destination 486 Option", RFC 8250, DOI 10.17487/RFC8250, September 2017, 487 . 489 Authors' Addresses 491 Shwetha Bhandari 492 Thoughtspot 493 3rd Floor, Indiqube Orion, 24th Main Rd, Garden Layout, HSR Layout 494 Bangalore, KARNATAKA 560 102 495 India 497 Email: shwetha.bhandari@thoughtspot.com 499 Frank Brockners 500 Cisco Systems, Inc. 501 Kaiserswerther Str. 115, 502 RATINGEN, NORDRHEIN-WESTFALEN 40880 503 Germany 505 Email: fbrockne@cisco.com 507 Carlos Pignataro 508 Cisco Systems, Inc. 509 7200-11 Kit Creek Road 510 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 511 United States 513 Email: cpignata@cisco.com 514 Hannes Gredler 515 RtBrick Inc. 517 Email: hannes@rtbrick.com 519 John Leddy 520 Comcast 522 Email: John_Leddy@cable.comcast.com 524 Stephen Youell 525 JP Morgan Chase 526 25 Bank Street 527 London E14 5JP 528 United Kingdom 530 Email: stephen.youell@jpmorgan.com 532 Tal Mizrahi 533 Huawei Network.IO Innovation Lab 534 Israel 536 Email: tal.mizrahi.phd@gmail.com 538 Aviv Kfir 539 Mellanox Technologies, Inc. 540 350 Oakmead Parkway, Suite 100 541 Sunnyvale, CA 94085 542 U.S.A. 544 Email: avivk@mellanox.com 546 Barak Gafni 547 Mellanox Technologies, Inc. 548 350 Oakmead Parkway, Suite 100 549 Sunnyvale, CA 94085 550 U.S.A. 552 Email: gbarak@mellanox.com 553 Petr Lapukhov 554 Facebook 555 1 Hacker Way 556 Menlo Park, CA 94025 557 US 559 Email: petr@fb.com 561 Mickey Spiegel 562 Barefoot Networks, an Intel company 563 4750 Patrick Henry Drive 564 Santa Clara, CA 95054 565 US 567 Email: mickey.spiegel@intel.com 569 Suresh Krishnan 570 Kaloom 572 Email: suresh@kaloom.com 574 Rajiv Asati 575 Cisco Systems, Inc. 576 7200 Kit Creek Road 577 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 578 US 580 Email: rajiva@cisco.com 582 Mark Smith 583 PO BOX 521 584 HEIDELBERG, VIC 3084 585 AU 587 Email: markzzzsmith+id@gmail.com