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'SDR' Summary: 14 errors (**), 0 flaws (~~), 5 warnings (==), 4 comments (--). Run idnits with the --verbose option for more detailed information about the items above. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 Network Working Group Zaid Albanna 2 INTERNET DRAFT Juniper Networks 3 Kevin Almeroth 4 UCSB 5 David Meyer 6 Cisco Systems 7 Michelle Schipper 8 IANA 9 Category Best Current Practices 10 April, 2001 12 IANA Guidelines for IPv4 Multicast Address Allocation 13 15 1. Status of this Memo 17 This document specifies an Internet Best Current Practices for the 18 Internet Community, and requests discussion and suggestions for 19 improvements. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. 21 This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with 22 all provisions of Section 10 of RFC 2026. 24 Internet Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering 25 Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other 26 groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. 28 Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months 29 and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any 30 time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference 31 material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." 33 The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at 34 http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt. 36 The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at 37 http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html. 39 2. Copyright Notice 41 Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2001). All Rights Reserved. 43 3. Abstract 45 This memo provides guidance for the IANA in assigning IPv4 multicast 46 addresses. 48 4. Introduction 50 The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) (www.iana.org) is 51 charged with allocating parameter values for fields in protocols 52 which have been designed, created or are maintained by the Internet 53 Engineering Task Force (IETF). RFC 2780 [RFC2780] provides the IANA 54 guidance in the assignment of parameters for fields in newly 55 developed protocols. This memo expands on section 4.4.2 of RFC 2780 56 and attempts to codify existing IANA practice used in the assignment 57 IPv4 multicast addresses. 59 The terms "Specification Required", "Expert Review", "IESG Approval", 60 "IETF Consensus", and "Standards Action", are used in this memo to 61 refer to the processes described in [RFC2434]. The keywords MUST, 62 MUST NOT, MAY, OPTIONAL, REQUIRED, RECOMMENDED, SHALL, SHALL NOT, 63 SHOULD, SHOULD NOT are to be interpreted as defined in RFC 2119 64 [RFC2119]. 66 In general, due to the relatively small size of the IPv4 multicast 67 addresses space, further allocation of IPv4 multicast address space 68 is not recommended. Specifically, the IANA should only assign 69 addresses in those cases where the dynamic selection (SDP/SAP), GLOP, 70 SSM or Administratively Scoped address spaces cannot be used. The 71 guidelines described below are reflected in http://www.iana.org. 73 5. Definition of Current Assignment Practice 75 Unlike IPv4 unicast address assignment, where blocks of addresses are 76 delegated to regional registries, IPv4 multicast addresses are 77 assigned directly by the IANA. Current allocations appear as follows 78 [IANA]: 80 224.0.0.0 - 224.0.0.255 (224.0.0/24) Local Network Control Block 81 224.0.1.0 - 224.0.1.255 (224.0.1/24) Internetwork Control Block 82 224.0.2.0 - 224.0.255.0 AD-HOC Block 83 224.1.0.0 - 224.1.255.255 (224.1/16) ST Multicast Groups 84 224.2.0.0 - 224.2.255.255 (224.2/16) SDP/SAP Block 85 224.252.0.0 - 224.255.255.255 DIS Transient Block 86 225.0.0.0 - 225.255.255.255 (225/8) MALLOC Block 87 226.0.0.0 - 231.255.255.255 RESERVED 88 232.0.0.0 - 232.255.255.255 (232/8) Source Specific Multicast Block 89 233.0.0.0 - 233.255.255.255 (233/8) GLOP Block 90 234.0.0.0 - 238.255.255.255 RESERVED 91 239.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255 (239/8) Administratively Scoped Block 93 The IANA generally allocates addresses from the Local Network 94 Control, Internetwork Control, and AD-HOC blocks. Allocation 95 guidelines for each of these blocks, as well as for the MALLOC, 96 Source Specific Multicast, GLOP and Administratively Scoped Blocks, 97 are described below. 99 Note that while some applications may informally use arbitrary parts 100 of the IPv4 multicast address space (e.g., 229/8), an application 101 MUST NOT use address space that is not allocated as described in this 102 memo. 104 6. Local Network Control Block (224.0.0/24) 106 Addresses in the Local Network Control block are used for protocol 107 control traffic that is not forwarded off link. Examples of this type 108 of use include OSPFIGP All Routers (224.0.0.5) [RFC2328]. 110 6.1. Allocation Guidelines 112 Allocation of addresses in the Local Network Configuration Block 113 SHOULD BE be accompanied by a specification ("Specification 114 Required"). This specification will typically take the form of an 115 internet draft or RFC. 117 Internet Draf-draft-ietf-mboned-iana-IPv4-mcast-guidelines-01.txt April, 2001 119 7. Internetwork Control Block (224.0.1/24) 121 Addresses in the Internetwork Control block are used for protocol 122 control that must be forwarded through the Internet. Examples include 123 224.0.1.1 (NTP [RFC2030]) and 224.0.1.68 (mdhcpdisover [RFC2730]). 125 7.1. Allocation Guidelines 127 Allocation of addresses in the Internetwork Control block SHOULD BE 128 accompanied by a specification ("Specification Required"). This 129 specification will typically take the form of an internet draft or 130 RFC. 132 8. AD-HOC Block (224.0.2.0/24 - 224.0.255.0/24) 134 Addresses in the AD-HOC block have traditionally been allocated for 135 those applications that don't fit in either the Local or Internetwork 136 Control blocks. These addresses are globally routed and are typically 137 used by applications that require small blocks of addressing (e.g., 138 less than a /24). 140 8.1. Allocation Guidelines 142 Allocation of addresses in the AD-HOC Block SHOULD BE accompanied by 143 a specification ("Specification Required").This specification will 144 typically take the form of an internet draft or RFC. In general, the 145 IANA SHOULD NOT assign addressing in the AD-HOC Block. 147 9. SDP/SAP Block (224.2/16) 149 Addresses in the SDP/SAP block are used by applications that receive 150 addresses through the Session Announcement Protocol [RFC2974] for use 151 via applications like the session directory tool (such as SDR [SDR]). 153 9.1. Allocation Guidelines 155 Since addresses in the SDP/SAP block are chosen randomly from the 156 range of addresses not already in use [RFC2974], no IANA allocation 157 policy is required. Note that while no additional IANA allocation is 158 required, addresses in the SDP/SAP block are explicitly for use by 159 SDP/SAP and MUST NOT be used for other purposes. 161 10. MALLOC Block (225/8) 163 Addresses in the MALLOC block are dynamically allocated by the MALLOC 164 suite of protocols [RFC2908]. This assignment is temporary and MUST 165 BE reviewed annually. 167 10.1. Allocation Guidelines 169 Since addresses in the MALLOC block are chosen by elements of the 170 MALLOC architecture, no IANA allocation policy is required. Note that 171 while no additional IANA allocation is required, addresses in the 172 MALLOC block are explicitly for allocation by MALLOC servers and MUST 173 NOT be used for other purposes. 175 11. Source Specific Multicast Block (232/8) 177 The Source Specific Multicast (SSM) is an extension of IP Multicast 178 in which traffic is forwarded to receivers from only those multicast 179 sources for which the receivers have explicitly expressed interest, 180 and is primarily targeted at one-to-many (broadcast) applications. 182 11.1. Allocation Guidelines 184 Because the SSM model essentially makes the entire multicast address 185 space local to the host, no IANA allocation policy is required. Note, 186 however, that while no additional IANA allocation is required, 187 addresses in the SSM block are explicitly for use by SSM and MUST NOT 188 be used for other purposes. 190 12. GLOP Block (233/8) 192 Addresses in the GLOP block are globally scoped statically assigned 193 addresses. The assignment is made by mapping a domain's autonomous 194 system number into the middle two octets of 233.X.Y.0/24. The mapping 195 and allocation is defined in [RFC2770]. 197 12.1. Allocation Guidelines 199 Because addresses in the GLOP block are algorithmically preassigned, 200 no IANA allocation policy is required. Note that while no additional 201 IANA allocation is required, addresses in the GLOP block are 202 allocated for use as defined in RFC 2770 and MUST NOT be used for 203 other purposes. 205 13. Administratively Scoped Address Block (239/8) 207 Addresses in the Administratively Scoped Address block are for local 208 use within a domain and are described in [RFC2365]. 210 13.1. Allocation Guidelines 212 Since addresses in this block are local to a domain, no IANA 213 allocation policy is required. 215 13.1.1. Relative Offsets 217 The relative offsets [RFC2365] are used to ensure that a service can 218 be located independent of the extent of the enclosing scope (see RFC 219 2770 for details). Since there are only 256 such offsets, the IANA 220 should only assign a relative offset to a protocol that provides an 221 infra-structure supporting service. Examples of such services include 222 the Session Announcement Protocol [RFC2974]. See [IANA] for the 223 current set of assignments. 225 14. Annual Review 227 Given the dynamic nature of IPv4 multicast and its associated infra- 228 structure, and the previously undocumented IPv4 multicast address 229 assignment guidelines, the IANA should conduct an annual review of 230 currently assigned addresses. 232 14.1. Address Reclamation 234 During the review described above, addresses that were mis-assigned 235 should, where possible, be reclaimed or reassigned. An example of an 236 address block that might be reclaimed is 224.1.0/24 [RFC1190], as 237 this was an experimental allocation and is not in use. In addition, 238 those allocations in 224.0.1/24 that are not used for Internet-wide 239 protocol control messages (as described above) above might be 240 reclaimed. 242 The IANA should also review assignments in the AD-HOC, DIS Transient 243 Groups, and ST Multicast Groups blocks and reclaim those addresses 244 that are not in use on the global Internet (i.e, those applications 245 which can use SSM, GLOP, or Administratively Scoped addressing, or 246 are not globally routed). 248 15. Use of IANA Reserved Addresses 250 Applications MUST NOT use addressing in the IANA reserved blocks. 252 16. Appeals Process 254 Appleals of this process are to be handled in accordance with Section 255 6.5 of RFC 2026 [RFC2026]. 257 17. Security Considerations 259 The allocation guidelines described in this document do not alter the 260 security properties of either the Any Source or Source Specific 261 multicast service models. 263 18. Acknowledgments 265 The authors would like to thank Joe St. Sauver, John Meylor, and 266 Randy Bush for their constructive feedback and comments. 268 19. Author's Address: 270 Zaid Albanna 271 1149 N. Mathilda Ave 272 Sunnyvale, CA. 94089 273 zaid@juniper.net 275 Kevin Almeroth 276 UC Santa Barbara 277 Sata Barbara, CA. 278 Email: almeroth@cs.ucsb.edu 280 David Meyer 281 Cisco Systems, Inc. 282 170 Tasman Drive 283 San Jose, CA, 95134 284 Email: dmm@cisco.com 286 Michelle Schipper 287 IANA Administrator 288 iana@iana.org 290 20. References 292 [IANA] http://www.iana.org 294 [RFC1190] C. Topolcic, "Experimental Internet Stream 295 Protocol, Version 2 (ST-II)", RFC 1190, October, 296 1990. 298 [RFC2026] S. Bradner, "The Internet Standards Process -- 299 Revision 3", RFC2026, October 1996. 301 [RFC2030] Mills, D., Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) Version 4 302 for IPv4, IPv6 and OSI", D. Mills, October 1996. 304 [RFC2119] S. Bradner, "Key words for use in RFCs to 305 Indicate Requirement Levels", RFC 2119, March, 306 1997. 308 [RFC2328] J. Moy,"OSPF Version 2", RFC 2328, April, 1998. 310 [RFC2365] D. Meyer,"Administratively Scoped IP Multicast", RFC 311 2365, July, 1998. 313 [RFC2434] Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for 314 Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", 315 BCP 26, RFC 2434, October 1998. 317 [RFC2730] Hanna, S., Patel, B. and M. Shah, "Multicast Address 318 Dynamic Client Allocation Protocol (MADCAP), December 319 1999. 321 [RFC2770] D. Meyer, and P. Lothberg, "GLOP Addressing in 233/8", 322 RFC 2770, February, 2000 324 [RFC2780] S. Bradner and V. Paxson, "IANA Allocation Guidelines 325 For Values In the Internet Protocol and Related 326 Headers", RFC2780, March, 2000 328 [RFC2908] D. Thaler, M. Handley, D.Estrin, "Theh Internet Multicast 329 Address Allocation Architecture", RFC 2908, September 2000. 331 [RFC2974] M. Handley, C. Perkins, E. Whelan, "Session 332 Announcement Protocol", RFC 2974, October 2000. 334 [SDR] http://www.aciri.org/sdr/ 336 21. Full Copyright Statement 338 Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2001). All Rights Reserved. 340 This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to 341 others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it 342 or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published 343 and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any 344 kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are 345 included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this 346 document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing 347 the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other 348 Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of 349 developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for 350 copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be 351 followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than 352 English. 354 The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be 355 revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns. 357 This document and the information contained herein is provided on an 358 "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING 359 TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING 360 BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION 361 HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF 362 MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.