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Summary: 0 errors (**), 0 flaws (~~), 2 warnings (==), 2 comments (--). Run idnits with the --verbose option for more detailed information about the items above. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 Networking Working Group JP. Vasseur 2 Internet-Draft Cisco Systems, Inc 3 Intended status: Informational February 16, 2013 4 Expires: August 20, 2013 6 Terminology in Low power And Lossy Networks 7 draft-ietf-roll-terminology-11.txt 9 Abstract 11 The documents defines a terminology for discussing routing 12 requirements and solutions for networks referred to as Low power and 13 Lossy Networks (LLN). A LLN is typically composed of many embedded 14 devices with limited power, memory, and processing resources 15 interconnected by a variety of links. There is a wide scope of 16 application areas for LLNs, including industrial monitoring, building 17 automation (e.g. Heating, Ventilating, Air Conditioning, lighting, 18 access control, fire), connected home, healthcare, environmental 19 monitoring, urban sensor networks, energy management, assets 20 tracking, refrigeration. 22 Requirements Language 24 The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", 25 "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this 26 document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119]. 28 Status of this Memo 30 This Internet-Draft is submitted to IETF in full conformance with the 31 provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. 33 Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering 34 Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute 35 working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- 36 Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. 38 Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months 39 and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any 40 time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference 41 material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." 43 This Internet-Draft will expire on August 20, 2013. 45 Copyright Notice 47 Copyright (c) 2013 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the 48 document authors. All rights reserved. 50 This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal 51 Provisions Relating to IETF Documents 52 (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of 53 publication of this document. Please review these documents 54 carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect 55 to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must 56 include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of 57 the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as 58 described in the Simplified BSD License. 60 Table of Contents 62 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 63 2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 64 3. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 65 4. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 66 5. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 67 6. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 68 6.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 69 6.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 70 Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 72 1. Introduction 74 This document defines a terminology for discussing routing 75 requirements and solutions for networks referred to as Low power and 76 Lossy Networks (LLN). 78 Low power and Lossy networks (LLNs) are typically composed of many 79 embedded devices with limited power, memory, and processing resources 80 interconnected by a variety of links, such as IEEE 802.15.4, Low 81 Power WiFi. There is a wide scope of application areas for LLNs, 82 including industrial monitoring, building automation (HVAC, lighting, 83 access control, fire), connected home, healthcare, environmental 84 monitoring, urban sensor networks, energy management, assets tracking 85 and refrigeration. 87 Since these applications are usually highly specific (for example 88 Industrial Automation, Building Automation, ...), it is not uncommon 89 to see a number of disparate terms to describe the same device or 90 functionality. Thus in order to avoid confusion or discrepancies, 91 this document specifies the common terminology to be used in all ROLL 92 Working Group documents. The terms defined in this document are used 93 in [RFC5548],[RFC5673], [RFC5826] and [RFC5867]. 95 Terminology specific to a particular application are out of the scope 96 of this document. 98 It is expected that all routing requirements documents defining 99 requirements or specifying routing solutions for LLN will use the 100 common terminology specified in this document. This document should 101 be listed as an informative reference. 103 2. Terminology 105 Actuator: a field device that controls a set of equipment. For 106 example, an actuator might control and/or modulates the flow of a gas 107 or liquid, control electricity distribution, perform a mechanical 108 operation, ... 110 AMI: Advanced Metering Infrastructure that makes use of Smart Grid 111 technologies. A canonical Smart Grid application is smart-metering. 113 Channel: Radio frequency sub-band used to transmit a modulated signal 114 carrying packets. 116 Channel Hopping: A procedure by which field devices synchronously 117 change channels during operation. 119 Commissioning Tool: Any physical or logical device temporarily added 120 to the network for the expressed purpose of setting up the network 121 and device operational parameters. The commisioning tool can also be 122 temporarily added to the LLN for scheduled or unscheduled 123 maintenance. 125 Closed Loop Control: A procedure whereby a device controller controls 126 an actuator based on input information sensed by one or more field 127 devices. 129 Controller: A field device that can receive sensor input and 130 automatically change the environment in the facility by manipulating 131 digital or analog actuators. 133 DA: Distribution Automation, part of Smart Grid. Encompasses 134 technologies for maintenance and management of electrical 135 distribution systems. 137 Data sink: A device that collects data from nodes in a LLN. 139 Downstream: Data direction traveling from outside of the LLN (e.g. 140 traffic coming from a LAN, WAN or the Internet) via a LBR. 142 Field Device: A field deviced is a physical device placed in the 143 network's operating environment (e.g. plant, urban or home). Field 144 devices include sensors, actuators as well as routers and Low power 145 and Lossy Network Border Router (including LBR). A field device is 146 usually (but not always) a device with constrained CPU, memory 147 footprint, storage capacity, bandwidth and sometimes power (battery 148 operated). At the time of writing, for the sake of illustration, a 149 typical sensor or actuator would have a few KBytes of RAM, a few 150 dozens of KBytes of ROM/Flash memory, a 8/16/32 bit microcontroller 151 and communication capabilities ranging from a few Kbits/s to a few 152 hundreds of KBits/s. Although it is expected to see continuous 153 improvements of hardware and software technologies, such devices will 154 likely continue to be seen as resource constrained devices compared 155 to computers and routers used in the Internet. 157 Flash memory: non-volatile memory that can be re-programmed. 159 FMS: Facility Management System. A global term applied across all 160 the vertical designations within a building including, Heating, 161 Ventilating, and Air Conditioning also referred to as HVAC, Fire, 162 Security, Lighting and Elevator control. 164 HART: "Highway Addressable Remote Transducer", a group of 165 specifications for industrial process and control devices 166 administered by the HART Foundation (see [HART]). The latest version 167 for the specifications is HART7 which includes the additions for 168 WirelessHART. 170 HVAC: Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning. A term applied to 171 the comfort level of an internal space. 173 ISA: "International Society of Automation". ISA is an ANSI 174 accredited standards-making society. ISA100 is an ISA committee 175 whose charter includes defining a family of standards for industrial 176 automation. [ISA100.11a] is a working group within ISA100 that is 177 working on a standard for monitoring and non-critical process control 178 applications. 180 LAN: Local Area Network. 182 LBR: Low power and lossy network Border Router. The LBR is a device 183 that connects the Low power and Lossy Network to another routing 184 domain such as a Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN) or 185 the Internet where a possibly different routing protocol is in 186 operation. The LBR acts as a routing device and may possibly host 187 other functions such as data collector or aggregator. 189 LLN: Low power and Lossy networks (LLNs) are typically composed of 190 many embedded devices with limited power, memory, and processing 191 resources interconnected by a variety of links, such as IEEE 802.15.4 192 or Low Power WiFi. There is a wide scope of application areas for 193 LLNs, including industrial monitoring, building automation (HVAC, 194 lighting, access control, fire), connected home, healthcare, 195 environmental monitoring, urban sensor networks, energy management, 196 assets tracking and refrigeration.. 198 MP2P: Multipoint-to-Point is used to describe a particular traffic 199 pattern (e.g. MP2P flows collecting information from many nodes 200 flowing inwards towards a collecting sink or an LBR). 202 MAC: Medium Access Control. Refers to algorithms and procedures used 203 by the data link layer to coordinate use of the physical layer. 205 Non-sleepy Node: A non-sleepy node is a node that always remains in a 206 fully powered on state (i.e. always awake) where it has the 207 capability to perform RPL protocol communication. 209 Open Loop Control: A process whereby a plant operator manually 210 manipulates an actuator over the network where the decision is 211 influenced by information sensed by field devices. 213 PER: Packet Error Rate. A ratio of the number of unusable packets 214 (not received at all, or received in error- even after any applicable 215 error correction has been applied) to the total number of packets 216 that would have been been received in the absence of errors. 218 P2P: Point To Point. This refers to traffic exchanged between two 219 nodes (regardless of the number of hops between the two nodes). 221 P2MP: Point-to-Multipoint traffic refers to traffic between one node 222 and a set of nodes. This is similar to the P2MP concept in Multicast 223 or MPLS Traffic Engineering ([RFC4461]and [RFC4875]). A common RPL 224 use case involves P2MP flows from or through a DAG root outward 225 towards other nodes contained in the DAG. 227 RAM: Random Access Memory. The RAM is a volatile memory. 229 RFID: Radio Frequency IDentification. 231 ROM: Read Only Memory. 233 ROLL: Routing Over Low power and Lossy networks. 235 RPL Domain: A RPL routing domain is a collection of RPL routers under 236 the control of a single administration. The boundaries of routing 237 domains are defined by network management by setting some links to be 238 exterior, or inter-domain, links. 240 Schedule: An agreed execution, wake-up, transmission, reception, 241 etc., time-table between two or more field devices. 243 Sensor: A sensor is a device that measures a physical quantity and 244 converts it to a analog or digital signal that can be read by a 245 program or a user. Sensed data can be of many types: electromagnetic 246 (e.g. current, voltage, power, resistance, ...) , mechanical (e.g. 247 pressure, flow, liquid density, humidity, ...), chemical (e.g. 248 oxygen, carbon monoxide, ...), acoustic (e.g. noise, ultrasound), ... 250 Sleepy Node: A sleepy node is a node that may sometimes go into a 251 sleep mode (i.e. go into a low power state to conserve power) and 252 temporarily suspend protocol communication. A sleepy node may also 253 sometimes remain in a fully powered on state where it has the 254 capability to perform RPL protocol communication. 256 Smart Grid: A Smart Grid is a broad class of applications to network 257 and automate utility infrastructure. 259 Timeslot: A Timeslot is a fixed time interval that may be used for 260 the transmission or reception of a packet between two field devices. 261 A timeslot used for communications is associated with a slotted-link 262 Upstream: Data direction traveling from the LLN via the LBR to 263 outside of the LLN (LAN, WAN, Internet). 265 WAN: Wide Area Network. 267 3. IANA Considerations 269 This document includes no request for IANA action. 271 4. Security Considerations 273 Since this document specifies terminology and does not specify new 274 procedure or protocols, it raises no new security issue. 276 5. Acknowledgements 278 The authors would like to thank Christian Jacquenet, Tim Winter, 279 Pieter De Mil, David Meyer, Mukul Goyal and Abdussalam Baryun for 280 their valuable feed-back. 282 6. References 284 6.1. Normative References 286 [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate 287 Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. 289 6.2. Informative References 291 [HART] HART Communication Foundation (http://www.hartcomm.org) 293 [RFC4461] Yasukawa, S., "Signaling Requirements for Point-to- 294 Multipoint Traffic-Engineered MPLS Label Switched Paths 295 (LSPs)", RFC 4461, April 2006. 297 [RFC4875] Aggarwal, R., Papadimitriou, D., and S. Yasukawa, 298 "Extensions to Resource Reservation Protocol - Traffic 299 Engineering (RSVP-TE) for Point-to-Multipoint TE Label 300 Switched Paths (LSPs)", RFC 4875, May 2007. 302 [RFC5548] Dohler, M., Watteyne, T., Winter, T., and D. Barthel, 303 "Routing Requirements for Urban Low-Power and Lossy 304 Networks", RFC 5548, May 2009. 306 [RFC5673] Pister, K., Thubert, P., Dwars, S., and T. Phinney, 307 "Industrial Routing Requirements in Low-Power and Lossy 308 Networks", RFC 5673, October 2009. 310 [RFC5826] Brandt, A., Buron, J., and G. Porcu, "Home Automation 311 Routing Requirements in Low-Power and Lossy Networks", 312 RFC 5826, April 2010. 314 [RFC5867] Martocci, J., De Mil, P., Riou, N., and W. Vermeylen, 315 "Building Automation Routing Requirements in Low-Power and 316 Lossy Networks", RFC 5867, June 2010. 318 Author's Address 320 JP Vasseur 321 Cisco Systems, Inc 322 1414 Massachusetts Avenue 323 Boxborough, MA 01719 324 USA 326 Email: jpv@cisco.com