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Run idnits with the --verbose option for more detailed information about the items above. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 Internet Engineering Task Force Adam Roach 2 Internet Draft Ericsson Inc. 3 Category: Informational November 2000 4 Expires May 2001 5 7 Ringback tones in SIP-Based Telephony 9 Status of this Memo 11 This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance 12 with all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026. 14 Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering 15 Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that 16 other groups may also distribute working documents as 17 Internet-Drafts. 19 Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six 20 months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other 21 documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts 22 as reference material or cite them other than as "work in 23 progress". 25 The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at 26 http://www.ietf.org/ietf/lid-abstracts.txt 28 The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at 29 http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html 31 This document is an individual submission to the IETF. Comments 32 should be directed to the authors. 34 Abstract 36 This document describes a mechanism by which an appropriate 37 ringback tone may be played to the calling party when the called 38 party's device is alerting. It is written specifcally to address 39 the case where the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is used to 40 initiate voice-over-IP calls. It also lists ringback 41 characteristics for several countries. 43 1. Introduction 45 In the current PSTN (public switched telephony network), users 46 expect to hear an appropriate ringback tone when contacting a 47 node in a foreign network. For example, when placing a call from 48 the United States to Sweden, a Swedish ringback tone is heard by 49 the caller. 51 Further, it is currently possible that calls terminating on a PBX 52 exchange receive special ringback tones which are distinct from 53 those used by the PSTN in the country in which the PBX resides. 55 In order to ease the transition from standard circuit-switched 56 telephony to voice-over-IP telephony, it is desirable that, when 57 feasable, user experience remains largely the same. In the case 58 of providing an appropriate ringback tone, doing so is quite 59 trivial. 61 This document defines two extension headers to SIP [1] to allow 62 such behavior. The first, "Country," specifies the country in 63 which the called party is located. The second, "Ringback," allows 64 the called party to give an specific frequency and cadence for 65 the ringback tone. Both headers are expected to be included only 66 in "180 Ringing" responses to "INVITE" requests. 68 2. Client Handling 70 If a SIP UAS (called party) wishes to suggest that a specific 71 ringback tone be played to the calling party, it may include one 72 or both of the "Country" or "Ringback" headers (defined below) in 73 its "180 Ringing" responses to "INVITE" requests. For robust 74 operation, it is strongly recommended that UASs wishing to use 75 this extension include both headers. 77 UACs (calling party agents) may elect to implement either or both 78 of the "Ringback" and "Country" headers (although, for robustness 79 sake, are encouraged to implement both). Note that low-memory 80 embedded devices may not have the luxury of storing ringtone 81 information for scores of countries; similarly, many clients may 82 choose not to parse out the slightly more complicated "Ringback" 83 syntax and instead opt to use the "Country" header exclusively. 85 When a UAC (calling party) understanding either or both of the 86 "Country" and "Ringback" headers receives them in a "180 Ringing" 87 message, it can use them to generate an approprite ringback tone 88 for the calling user. In the case that only a "Country" header is 89 present, the ringback tone is that defined in section 4. When a 90 "Ringback" header is present, it will define a specific tone 91 (frequency and cadence) to be played to the calling user. 93 In the case that the UAC understands both headers, "Ringback" is 94 expected to take precedence over "Country." This allows the 95 definition of custom ringback tones (e.g. for special PBX 96 ringback). 98 It is suggested that nodes implementing the extension described 99 in this document also implement the "Reliability of Provisional 100 Responses in SIP" extension [6] ; this will ensure delivery of 101 the "180 Ringing" response. 103 2.1. New SIP headers 104 This table expands on tables 4 and 5 in RFC 2543 [1] . 106 Header field where proxy ACK BYE CAN INV OPT REG 107 --------------------------------------------------------- 108 Country 180 - - - o - - 109 Ringback 180 - - - o - - 111 2.1.1. SIP "Country" Header 113 The following SIP header is defined. 115 Country = "Country" ":" country-code 116 country-code = 2(lower-case) 117 lower-case = %x61-7a ; lowercase letters a-z 119 This header is used to convey which country-specific ringback 120 tone is to be presented to the calling party. The defined values 121 for "country-code" and their corresponding ringback tone 122 definitions are given in section 4. 124 Note that the "Country" header may be generally useful in other 125 situations which are outside the scope of this document. Draft 126 authors are encouraged to reuse the "Country" header where 127 appropriate. The syntax and accepted values (based on ISO 3166 128 [3] and the IANA TLD list [2] ) are expected remain the largely 129 the same, with the possible addition of parameters when needed 130 (e.g. "Country: gb;subdivision=sct"). 132 2.1.2. SIP "Ringback" Header 134 The following SIP header is defined. 136 Ringback = "Ringback" ":" frequency ";" cadence 137 frequency = 1*DIGIT [("x" | "+") 1*DIGIT] 138 cadence = duration ";" duration *(";" duration ";" duration) 139 duration = 1*DIGIT ["." 1*DIGIT] 141 When present, this header gives a specific definition of the 142 ringback tone to be played for the calling party. 144 The "frequency" parameter specifies the tone to be played. All 145 frequency numbers represent a sine-wave frequency in hertz. 147 If the frequency paremeter contins a single number, it represents 148 a pure tone to be played. If a frequency of the format "f1 + f2" 149 is specified, both frequencies f1 and f2 should be played 150 simultaneously to generate the tone. If a frequency of the format 151 "f1 x f2" is speficied, the frequency f1 should be modulated by 152 the frequency f2 to generate the tone. 154 The remaining numbers in the "Ringback" header represent the 155 cadence at which the tone is to be played. There must always be 156 an even number of cadence parameters; clients receiving an odd 157 number of cadence parameters are expected to ignore the 158 "Ringback" header as malformed. The first cadence parameter is a 159 decimal duration, in seconds, for which the tone is to be played. 160 The second parameter is a duration, in seconds, which should be 161 paused before playing the tone again. Third and subsequent 162 parameters specify additional on/off periods for the tone. All 163 ringtone patterns repeat. 165 2.2. Alternate Handling 167 If no "Country" or "Ringback" header is present, clients 168 implementing this extension may choose to make an intellegent 169 guess about the called party's country. 171 If the "180 Ringing" message contains a "Contact" header using a 172 symbolic name (i.e. resolvable by DNS), the client takes note of 173 the top-level-domain of this contact address for the processing 174 described below. If the "Contact" header contains an IP address, 175 the client may attempt to perform a DNS lookup on this IP address 176 to determine the top-level-domain for its preferred name. 178 If a top-level-domain could not be determined from the "Contact" 179 header, the same series of steps is applied to the address in the 180 "To" header. 182 If a country-specific top-level-domain can be determined via the 183 steps above, the client will play the ringtone matching this 184 country (as if it had been specified in a "Country" header). Note 185 that the country-specific top-level-domain "uk" should be treated 186 the same as "gb." 188 If a non-country-specific top-level-domain is determined, it is 189 suggested that the client play one of: the ringback tone local to 190 the calling party, North American ringback tone (see section 191 4.165. ), or a generic ringback tone meeting the requirements 192 described in ITU-T E.180 [4] (e.g. 425 Hz at a cadence of 1 193 second on, 4 seconds off). It would be appropriate to allow the 194 user to select between these three modes of operation to suit 195 personal preferences. 197 3. Proxy Handling 199 No special proxy handling is required by this extension. 201 4. Ringtone Characteristics by Country 203 This section provides a reference for relevant information about 204 a number of countries. "Code" is the two-letter "country-code" 205 token to be used in the "Country:" header. "Frequency" describes 206 the frequency/frequencies which compose(s) the ringback tone, and 207 the remaining information describes the cadence of the ringback 208 tone. 210 The two-letter country codes in this section are largely aligned 211 which those published in ISO 3166 [3] , with some minor additions 212 from the IANA document "Root-Zone Whois Information" [2] for 213 practical considerations. 215 The ringback tones and cadences are beleived to be the most 216 common form of ringback tone in the associated country, as 217 published in Suppliment 2 to ITU-T E.180 [5] . 219 4.1. Albania 221 Code: al 222 Frequency: 425 Hz 223 - 1 second on 224 - 4 seconds off 226 4.2. Algeria 228 Code: dz 229 Frequency: 25 Hz 230 - 1.5 seconds on 231 - 3.5 seconds off 233 4.3. Angola 235 Code: ao 236 Frequency: 25 Hz 237 - 1 second on 238 - 5 seconds off 240 4.4. Anguilla 242 Code: ai 243 Frequency: 440 Hz + 480 Hz 244 - 2 seconds on 245 - 4 seconds off 247 4.5. Antigua And Barbuda 249 Code: ag 250 Frequency: 440 Hz 251 - 2 seconds on 252 - 4 seconds off 254 4.6. Argentina 256 Code: ar 257 Frequency: 425 Hz 258 - 1 second on 259 - 4 seconds off 261 4.7. Aruba 263 Code: aw 264 Frequency: 425 Hz 265 - 1 second on 266 - 4 seconds off 268 4.8. Ascension 270 Code: ac 271 Frequency: 440 Hz 272 - 1 second on 273 - 3 seconds off 275 4.9. Australia 277 Code: au 278 Frequency: 400 Hz modulated with 17 Hz 279 - 0.4 seconds on 280 - 0.2 seconds off 281 - 0.4 seconds on 282 - 2 seconds off 284 4.10. Austria 286 Code: at 287 Frequency: 420 Hz 288 - 1 second on 289 - 5 seconds off 291 4.11. Bahamas 293 Code: bs 294 Frequency: 400 Hz 295 - 2 seconds on 296 - 4 seconds off 298 4.12. Bahrain 299 Code: bh 300 Frequency: 440 Hz 301 - 0.4 seconds on 302 - 0.2 seconds off 303 - 0.4 seconds on 304 - 2 seconds off 306 4.13. Barbados 308 Code: bb 309 Frequency: 440 Hz + 480 Hz 310 - 2 seconds on 311 - 4 seconds off 313 4.14. Belarus 315 Code: by 316 Frequency: 425 Hz 317 - 0.8 seconds on 318 - 3.2 seconds off 320 4.15. Belgium 322 Code: be 323 Frequency: 425 Hz 324 - 1 second on 325 - 3 seconds off 327 4.16. Benin 329 Code: bj 330 Frequency: 440 Hz 331 - 1.5 seconds on 332 - 3.5 seconds off 334 4.17. Bermuda 336 Code: bm 337 Frequency: 440 Hz + 480 Hz 338 - 2 seconds on 339 - 4 seconds off 341 4.18. Bhutan 343 Code: bt 344 Frequency: 400 Hz + 25 Hz 345 - 0.4 seconds on 346 - 0.2 seconds off 347 - 0.4 seconds on 348 - 2.6 seconds off 350 4.19. Botswana 352 Code: bw 353 Frequency: 400 Hz 354 - 0.4 seconds on 355 - 0.2 seconds off 356 - 0.4 seconds on 357 - 2 seconds off 359 4.20. Brazil 361 Code: br 362 Frequency: 425 Hz 363 - 1 second on 364 - 4 seconds off 366 4.21. British Indian Ocean Territory 368 Code: io 369 Frequency: 440 Hz 370 - 1 second on 371 - 3 seconds off 373 4.22. British Virgin Islands 375 Code: vg 376 Frequency: 440 Hz + 480 Hz 377 - 2 seconds on 378 - 4 seconds off 380 4.23. Brunei Darussalam 382 Code: bn 383 Frequency: 400 Hz + 450 Hz 384 - 0.4 seconds on 385 - 0.3 seconds off 386 - 0.4 seconds on 387 - 2 seconds off 389 4.24. Bulgaria 391 Code: bg 392 Frequency: 425 Hz 393 - 1 second on 394 - 9 seconds off 396 4.25. Burkina Faso 398 Code: bf 399 Frequency: 425 Hz 400 - 1 second on 401 - 4 seconds off 403 4.26. Burundi 405 Code: bi 406 Frequency: 425 Hz 407 - 1.7 seconds on 408 - 3.3 seconds off 410 4.27. Cameroon 412 Code: cm 413 Frequency: 440 Hz 414 - 1.7 seconds on 415 - 3.3 seconds off 417 4.28. Canada 419 Code: ca 420 Frequency: 440 Hz + 480 Hz 421 - 2 seconds on 422 - 4 seconds off 424 4.29. Cayman Islands 426 Code: ky 427 Frequency: 425 Hz 428 - 1 second on 429 - 4 seconds off 431 4.30. Central African Rep. 433 Code: cf 434 Frequency: 425 Hz 435 - 1.7 seconds on 436 - 3.3 seconds off 438 4.31. Channel Islands: Jersey 440 Code: je 441 Frequency: 400 Hz + 450 Hz 442 - 0.4 seconds on 443 - 0.2 seconds off 444 - 0.4 seconds on 445 - 2 seconds off 447 4.32. Chile 448 Code: cl 449 Frequency: 400 Hz 450 - 1 second on 451 - 3 seconds off 453 4.33. China 455 Code: cn 456 Frequency: 450 Hz 457 - 1 second on 458 - 4 seconds off 460 4.34. Comoros 462 Code: km 463 Frequency: 425 Hz 464 - 1.71 seconds on 465 - 3.31 seconds off 467 4.35. Costa Rica 469 Code: cr 470 Frequency: 425 Hz 471 - 1.2 seconds on 472 - 4.6 seconds off 474 4.36. Cote D'Ivoire 476 Code: ci 477 Frequency: 50 Hz 478 - 1.66 seconds on 479 - 3.33 seconds off 481 4.37. Croatia 483 Code: hr 484 Frequency: 425 Hz 485 - 1 second on 486 - 4 seconds off 488 4.38. Cuba 490 Code: cu 491 Frequency: 440 Hz + 480 Hz 492 - 2 seconds on 493 - 4 seconds off 495 4.39. Cyprus 497 Code: cy 498 Frequency: 425 Hz 499 - 1.5 seconds on 500 - 3 seconds off 502 4.40. Czech Rep. 504 Code: cz 505 Frequency: 425 Hz 506 - 1 second on 507 - 4 seconds off 509 4.41. Denmark 511 Code: dk 512 Frequency: 425 Hz 513 - 1 second on 514 - 4 seconds off 516 4.42. Djibouti 518 Code: dj 519 Frequency: 425 Hz 520 - 1.5 seconds on 521 - 3.5 seconds off 523 4.43. Dominica 525 Code: dm 526 Frequency: 440 Hz + 480 Hz 527 - 2 seconds on 528 - 4 seconds off 530 4.44. Dominican Rep. 532 Code: do 533 Frequency: 400 Hz 534 - 0.4 seconds on 535 - 0.2 seconds off 536 - 0.4 seconds on 537 - 2.2 seconds off 539 4.45. Ecuador 541 Code: ec 542 Frequency: 425 Hz 543 - 1.2 seconds on 544 - 4.65 seconds off 546 4.46. Egypt 547 Code: eg 548 Frequency: 425 Hz modulated with 50 Hz 549 - 2 seconds on 550 - 1 second off 552 4.47. El Salvador 554 Code: sv 555 Frequency: 425 Hz 556 - 1.2 seconds on 557 - 5 seconds off 559 4.48. Estonia 561 Code: ee 562 Frequency: 425 Hz 563 - 1 second on 564 - 4 seconds off 566 4.49. Ethiopia 568 Code: et 569 Frequency: 425 Hz 570 - 1 second on 571 - 4 seconds off 573 4.50. Falkland Islands 575 Code: fk 576 Frequency: 400 Hz + 450 Hz 577 - 0.4 seconds on 578 - 0.2 seconds off 580 4.51. Faroe Islands 582 Code: fo 583 Frequency: 425 Hz 584 - 1 second on 585 - 4 seconds off 587 4.52. Fiji 589 Code: fj 590 Frequency: 133 Hz modulated with 16 Hz 591 - 0.4 seconds on 592 - 0.2 seconds off 593 - 0.4 seconds on 594 - 2 seconds off 596 4.53. Finland 597 Code: fi 598 Frequency: 425 Hz 599 - 1 second on 600 - 4 seconds off 602 4.54. France 604 Code: fr 605 Frequency: 440 Hz 606 - 1.5 seconds on 607 - 3.5 seconds off 609 4.55. French Polynesia 611 Code: pf 612 Frequency: 440 Hz 613 - 1.5 seconds on 614 - 3.5 seconds off 616 4.56. Gabon 618 Code: ga 619 Frequency: 440 Hz 620 - 1.5 seconds on 621 - 3 seconds off 623 4.57. Gambia 625 Code: gm 626 Frequency: 425 Hz 627 - 1 second on 628 - 4 seconds off 630 4.58. Germany 632 code: de 633 Frequency: 425 Hz 634 - 0.25 seconds on 635 - 4 seconds off 636 - 1 second on 637 - 4 seconds off 638 - 1 second on 639 - 4 seconds off 641 4.59. Ghana 643 Code: gh 644 Frequency: 400 Hz 645 - 1 second on 646 - 4 seconds off 648 4.60. Gibraltar 650 Code: gi 651 Frequency: 400 Hz + 450 Hz 652 - 0.4 seconds on 653 - 0.2 seconds off 654 - 0.4 seconds on 655 - 2 seconds off 657 4.61. Greece 659 Code: gr 660 Frequency: 425 Hz 661 - 1 second on 662 - 4 seconds off 664 4.62. Greenland 666 Code: gl 667 Frequency: 445 Hz 668 - 1 second on 669 - 4 seconds off 671 4.63. Grenada 673 Code: gd 674 Frequency: 440 Hz + 480 Hz 675 - 2 seconds on 676 - 4 seconds off 678 4.64. Guadeloupe 680 Code: gp 681 Frequency: 440 Hz 682 - 1.5 seconds on 683 - 3.5 seconds off 685 4.65. Guiana 687 Code: gf 688 Frequency: 440 Hz 689 - 1.5 seconds on 690 - 3.5 seconds off 692 4.66. Guinea 694 Code: gn 695 Frequency: 450 Hz 696 - 0.4 seconds on 697 - 0.2 seconds off 699 4.67. Guyana 701 Code: gy 702 Frequency: 425 Hz 703 - 1.75 seconds on 704 - 3.25 seconds off 706 4.68. Honduras 708 Code: hn 709 Frequency: 440 Hz 710 - 0.5 seconds on 711 - 4 seconds off 712 - 2 seconds on 713 - 4 seconds off 715 4.69. Hongkong 717 Code: hk 718 Frequency: 440 Hz + 480 Hz 719 - 0.4 seconds on 720 - 0.2 seconds off 721 - 0.4 seconds on 722 - 3 seconds off 724 4.70. Hungary 726 Code: hu 727 Frequency: 425 Hz 728 - 1.2 seconds on 729 - 3.7 seconds off 731 4.71. Iceland 733 Code: is 734 Frequency: 425 Hz 735 - 1.2 seconds on 736 - 4.7 seconds off 738 4.72. India 740 Code: in 741 Frequency: 400 Hz modulated with 25 Hz 742 - 0.4 seconds on 743 - 0.2 seconds off 744 - 0.4 seconds on 745 - 2.6 seconds off 747 4.73. Indonesia 749 Code: id 750 Frequency: 425 Hz 751 - 1 second on 752 - 4 seconds off 754 4.74. Iran 756 Code: ir 757 Frequency: 425 Hz 758 - 1 second on 759 - 4 seconds off 761 4.75. Iraq 763 Code: iq 764 Frequency: 400 Hz 765 - CONTINUOUS 767 4.76. Ireland 769 Code: ie 770 Frequency: 400 Hz 771 - 0.4 seconds on 772 - 0.2 seconds off 773 - 0.4 seconds on 774 - 2 seconds off 776 4.77. Israel 778 Code: il 779 Frequency: 400 Hz 780 - 1 second on 781 - 3 seconds off 783 4.78. Italy 785 Code: it 786 Frequency: 425 Hz 787 - 1 second on 788 - 4 seconds off 790 4.79. Jamaica 792 Code: jm 793 Frequency: 440 Hz modulated with 480 Hz 794 - 2 seconds on 795 - 4 seconds off 797 4.80. Japan 799 Code: jp 800 Frequency: 400 Hz modulated with 16 Hz 801 - 1 second on 802 - 2 seconds off 804 4.81. Jordan 806 Code: jo 807 Frequency: 420 Hz modulated with 40 Hz 808 - 1.2 seconds on 809 - 4.8 seconds off 811 4.82. Kenya 813 Code: ke 814 Frequency: 425 Hz 815 - 1 second on 816 - 4 seconds off 817 - 1 second on 818 - 2 seconds off 819 - 1 second on 820 - 5 seconds off 821 - 0.4 seconds on 822 - 0.2 seconds off 824 4.83. Kiribati 826 Code: ki 827 Frequency: 425 Hz 828 - 0.4 seconds on 829 - 0.2 seconds off 830 - 0.4 seconds on 831 - 2 seconds off 833 4.84. Korea (Democratic People's Republic of) 835 Code: kp 836 Frequency: 440 Hz + 480 Hz 837 - 1 second on 838 - 2 seconds off 840 4.85. Korea (Republic of) 842 Code: kr 843 Frequency: 440 Hz + 480 Hz 844 - 1 second on 845 - 2 seconds off 847 4.86. Kuwait 849 Code: kw 850 Frequency: 425 Hz 851 - 1 second on 852 - 4 seconds off 854 4.87. Kyrgyzstan 856 Code: kg 857 Frequency: 425 Hz 858 - 0.8 seconds on 859 - 3.2 seconds off 861 4.88. Lao 863 Code: la 864 Frequency: 425 Hz 865 - 1 second on 866 - 4 seconds off 868 4.89. Lebanon 870 Code: lb 871 Frequency: 435 Hz 872 - 1.2 seconds on 873 - 4.4 seconds off 875 4.90. Liberia 877 Code: lr 878 Frequency: 425 Hz 879 - 1 second on 880 - 4 seconds off 882 4.91. Lithuania 884 Code: it 885 Frequency: 425 Hz 886 - 0.8 seconds on 887 - 3.2 seconds off 889 4.92. Luxembourg 891 Code: lu 892 Frequency: 425 Hz 893 - 1 second on 894 - 4 seconds off 896 4.93. Macau 898 Code: mo 899 Frequency: 425 Hz 900 - 1 second on 901 - 4 seconds off 903 4.94. Madagascar 905 Code: mg 906 Frequency: 25 Hz 907 - 1.66 seconds on 908 - 3.33 seconds off 910 4.95. Malawi 912 Code: mw 913 Frequency: 425 Hz 914 - 1 second on 915 - 4 seconds off 917 4.96. Malaysia 919 Code: my 920 Frequency: 425 Hz 921 - 0.4 seconds on 922 - 0.2 seconds off 923 - 0.4 seconds on 924 - 2 seconds off 926 4.97. Maldives 928 Code: mv 929 Frequency: 400 Hz 930 - 0.4 seconds on 931 - 0.2 seconds off 932 - 0.4 seconds on 933 - 2 seconds off 935 4.98. Mali 937 Code: ml 938 Frequency: 425 Hz 939 - 1.7 seconds on 940 - 3.3 seconds off 942 4.99. Malta 944 Code: mt 945 Frequency: 400 Hz + 450 Hz 946 - 0.4 seconds on 947 - 0.2 seconds off 948 - 0.4 seconds on 949 - 2 seconds off 951 4.100. Martinique 953 Code: mq 954 Frequency: 440 Hz 955 - 1.5 seconds on 956 - 3.5 seconds off 958 4.101. Mauritania 960 Code: mr 961 Frequency: 425 Hz 962 - 1.5 seconds on 963 - 3.5 seconds off 965 4.102. Mauritius 967 Code: mu 968 Frequency: 425 Hz 969 - 1 second on 970 - 4 seconds off 972 4.103. Mayotte 974 Code: yt 975 Frequency: 440 Hz 976 - 1.5 seconds on 977 - 3.5 seconds off 979 4.104. Mexico 981 Code: mx 982 Frequency: 425 Hz 983 - 1 second on 984 - 4 seconds off 986 4.105. Moldova 988 Code: md 989 Frequency: 425 Hz 990 - 0.8 seconds on 991 - 3.2 seconds off 993 4.106. Montserrat 995 Code: ms 996 Frequency: 440 Hz + 480 Hz 997 - 2 seconds on 998 - 4 seconds off 1000 4.107. Morocco 1002 Code: mc 1003 Frequency: 425 Hz 1004 - 1.66 seconds on 1005 - 3.33 seconds off 1007 4.108. Mozambique 1009 Code: mz 1010 Frequency: 400 Hz 1011 - 1 second on 1012 - 5 seconds off 1014 4.109. Namibia 1016 Code: na 1017 Frequency: 400 Hz modulated with 33 Hz 1018 - 0.4 seconds on 1019 - 0.2 seconds off 1020 - 0.4 seconds on 1021 - 2 seconds off 1023 4.110. Nauru 1025 Code: nr 1026 Frequency: 400 Hz 1027 - 1 second on 1028 - 4 seconds off 1030 4.111. Nepal 1032 Code: np 1033 Frequency: 425 Hz 1034 - 1.1 seconds on 1035 - 3.1 seconds off 1037 4.112. Netherlands 1039 Code: nl 1040 Frequency: 425 Hz 1041 - 1 second on 1042 - 4 seconds off 1044 4.113. New Caledonia 1045 Code: nc 1046 Frequency: 440 Hz 1047 - 1.5 seconds on 1048 - 3.5 seconds off 1050 4.114. New Zealand 1052 Code: nz 1053 Frequency: 400 Hz + 450 Hz 1054 - 0.4 seconds on 1055 - 0.2 seconds off 1056 - 0.4 seconds on 1057 - 2 seconds off 1059 4.115. Niger 1061 Code: ne 1062 Frequency: 440 Hz 1063 - 1.7 seconds on 1064 - 3.3 seconds off 1066 4.116. Nigeria 1068 Code: ng 1069 Frequency: 400 Hz 1070 - 2 seconds on 1071 - 4 seconds off 1073 4.117. Norway 1075 Code: no 1076 Frequency: 425 Hz 1077 - 1 second on 1078 - 4 seconds off 1080 4.118. Oman 1082 Code: om 1083 Frequency: 425 Hz 1084 - 0.4 seconds on 1085 - 0.2 seconds off 1086 - 0.4 seconds on 1087 - 2 seconds off 1089 4.119. Pakistan 1091 Code: pk 1092 Frequency: 450 Hz 1093 - 1 second on 1094 - 4 seconds off 1096 4.120. Panama 1098 Code: pa 1099 Frequency: 425 Hz 1100 - 1.2 seconds on 1101 - 4.65 seconds off 1103 4.121. Papua New Guinea 1105 Code: pg 1106 Frequency: 425 Hz 1107 - 0.4 seconds on 1108 - 0.2 seconds off 1109 - 0.4 seconds on 1110 - 2 seconds off 1112 4.122. Paraguay 1114 Code: py 1115 Frequency: 425 Hz 1116 - 1 second on 1117 - 4 seconds off 1119 4.123. Philippines 1121 Code: ph 1122 Frequency: 450 Hz 1123 - 1 second on 1124 - 10 seconds off 1126 4.124. Poland 1128 Code: pl 1129 Frequency: 425 Hz 1130 - 1 second on 1131 - 4 seconds off 1133 4.125. Portugal 1135 Code: pt 1136 Frequency: 400 Hz 1137 - 1 second on 1138 - 5 seconds off 1140 4.126. Qatar 1142 Code: qa 1143 Frequency: 400 Hz + 450 Hz 1144 - 0.4 seconds on 1145 - 0.2 seconds off 1146 - 0.4 seconds on 1147 - 2.2 seconds off 1149 4.127. Reunion 1151 Code: re 1152 Frequency: 440 Hz 1153 - 1.5 seconds on 1154 - 3.5 seconds off 1156 4.128. Romania 1158 Code: ro 1159 Frequency: 400 Hz modulated with 16 Hz 1160 - 2 seconds on 1161 - 4 seconds off 1163 4.129. Russia 1165 Code: ru 1166 Frequency: 425 Hz 1167 - 0.8 seconds on 1168 - 3.2 seconds off 1170 4.130. Rwanda 1172 Code: rw 1173 Frequency: 440 Hz 1174 - 1.7 seconds on 1175 - 3.3 seconds off 1177 4.131. St Helena 1179 Code: sh 1180 Frequency: 400 Hz + 450 Hz 1181 - 0.4 seconds on 1182 - 0.2 seconds off 1184 4.132. St Kitts And Nevis 1186 Code: kn 1187 Frequency: 440 Hz + 480 Hz 1188 - 2 seconds on 1189 - 4 seconds off 1191 4.133. St Lucia 1193 Code: lc 1194 Frequency: 425 Hz 1195 - 0.375 seconds on 1196 - 0.25 seconds off 1197 - 0.375 seconds on 1198 - 2 seconds off 1200 4.134. St Pierre And Miquelon 1202 Code: pm 1203 Frequency: 440 Hz 1204 - 1.5 seconds on 1205 - 3.5 seconds off 1207 4.135. St Vincent And The Grenadines 1209 Code: vc 1210 Frequency: 400 Hz + 450 Hz 1211 - 0.2 seconds on 1212 - 0.4 seconds off 1214 4.136. San Marino 1216 Code: sm 1217 Frequency: 425 Hz 1218 - 1 second on 1219 - 4 seconds off 1221 4.137. Sao Tome And Principe 1223 Code: st 1224 Frequency: 425 Hz 1225 - 1 second on 1226 - 5 seconds off 1228 4.138. Saudi Arabia 1230 Code: sa 1231 Frequency: 425 Hz 1232 - 1.2 seconds on 1233 - 4.6 seconds off 1235 4.139. Senegal 1237 Code: sn 1238 Frequency: 400 Hz 1239 - 1.7 seconds on 1240 - 3.3 seconds off 1242 4.140. Seychelles 1244 Code: sc 1245 Frequency: 425 Hz 1246 - 0.4 seconds on 1247 - 0.2 seconds off 1248 - 0.4 seconds on 1249 - 2 seconds off 1251 4.141. Sierra Leone 1253 Code: sl 1254 Frequency: 425 Hz 1255 - 1 second on 1256 - 4 seconds off 1258 4.142. Singapore 1260 Code: sg 1261 Frequency: 425 Hz modulated with 24 Hz 1262 - 0.4 seconds on 1263 - 0.2 seconds off 1264 - 0.4 seconds on 1265 - 2 seconds off 1267 4.143. Slovakia 1269 Code: sk 1270 Frequency: 425 Hz 1271 - 1 second on 1272 - 4 seconds off 1274 4.144. Slovenia 1276 Code: si 1277 Frequency: 425 Hz 1278 - 1 second on 1279 - 4 seconds off 1281 4.145. Solomon 1283 Code: sb 1284 Frequency: 400 Hz + 450 Hz 1285 - 0.4 seconds on 1286 - 0.2 seconds off 1288 4.146. South Africa 1290 Code: za 1291 Frequency: 400 Hz modulated with 33 Hz 1292 - 0.4 seconds on 1293 - 0.2 seconds off 1294 - 0.4 seconds on 1295 - 2 seconds off 1297 4.147. Spain 1299 Code: es 1300 Frequency: 425 Hz 1301 - 1.5 seconds on 1302 - 3 seconds off 1304 4.148. Sri Lanka 1306 Code: lk 1307 Frequency: 425 Hz 1308 - 0.4 seconds on 1309 - 0.2 seconds off 1311 4.149. Suriname 1313 Code: sr 1314 Frequency: 425 Hz 1315 - 15 seconds on 1316 - 0.5 seconds off 1318 4.150. Swaziland 1320 Code: sz 1321 Frequency: 400 Hz 1322 - 0.4 seconds on 1323 - 0.2 seconds off 1324 - 0.4 seconds on 1325 - 4 seconds off 1327 4.151. Sweden 1329 Code: se 1330 Frequency: 425 Hz 1331 - 1 second on 1332 - 5 seconds off 1334 4.152. Switzerland 1336 Code: ch 1337 Frequency: 425 Hz 1338 - 1 second on 1339 - 4 seconds off 1341 4.153. Syria 1343 Code: sy 1344 Frequency: 425 Hz 1345 - 1 second on 1346 - 4 seconds off 1348 4.154. Tajikistan 1350 Code: tj 1351 Frequency: 425 Hz 1352 - 0.8 seconds on 1353 - 3.2 seconds off 1355 4.155. Tanzania 1357 Code: tz 1358 Frequency: 400 Hz 1359 - CONTINUOUS 1361 4.156. Thailand 1363 Code: th 1364 Frequency: 400 Hz 1365 - 1 second on 1366 - 4 seconds off 1368 4.157. Trinidad And Tobago 1370 Code: tt 1371 Frequency: 440 Hz + 480 Hz 1372 - 2 seconds on 1373 - 4 seconds off 1375 4.158. Tunisia 1377 Code: tn 1378 Frequency: 425 Hz 1379 - 1.2 seconds on 1380 - 4.6 seconds off 1382 4.159. Turkey 1384 Code: tr 1385 Frequency: 450 Hz 1386 - 2 seconds on 1387 - 4 seconds off 1389 4.160. Turkmenistan 1391 Code: tm 1392 Frequency: 25 Hz 1393 - 0.4 seconds on 1394 - 4 seconds off 1396 4.161. Turks And Caicos Islands 1398 Code: tc 1399 Frequency: 440 Hz + 480 Hz 1400 - 2 seconds on 1401 - 4 seconds off 1403 4.162. Uganda 1405 Code: ug 1406 Frequency: 133 Hz + 17 Hz 1407 - 0.25 seconds on 1408 - 0.5 seconds off 1409 - 0.25 seconds on 1410 - 2 seconds off 1412 4.163. United Arab Emirates 1414 Code: ae 1415 Frequency: 400 Hz + 450 Hz 1416 - 0.4 seconds on 1417 - 0.2 seconds off 1418 - 0.4 seconds on 1419 - 2 seconds off 1421 4.164. United Kingdom 1423 Code: gb 1424 Frequency: 400 Hz + 450 Hz 1425 - 0.4 seconds on 1426 - 0.2 seconds off 1427 - 0.4 seconds on 1428 - 2 seconds off 1430 4.165. United States 1432 Code: us 1433 Frequency: 440 Hz + 480 Hz 1434 - 2 seconds on 1435 - 4 seconds off 1437 4.166. United States Virgin Islands 1439 Code: vi 1440 Frequency: 440 Hz + 480 Hz 1441 - 2 seconds on 1442 - 4 seconds off 1444 4.167. Uruguay 1445 Code: uy 1446 Frequency: 425 Hz 1447 - 1 second on 1448 - 4 seconds off 1450 4.168. Vanuatu 1452 Code: vu 1453 Frequency: 425 Hz 1454 - 1 second on 1455 - 4 seconds off 1457 4.169. Wallis And Futuna 1459 Code: wf 1460 Frequency: 440 Hz 1461 - 1.5 seconds on 1462 - 3.5 seconds off 1464 4.170. Western Samoa 1466 Code: ws 1467 Frequency: 425 Hz modulated with 25 Hz 1468 - 0.375 seconds on 1469 - 0.25 seconds off 1470 - 0.375 seconds on 1471 - 2 seconds off 1473 4.171. Yugoslavia 1475 Code: yu 1476 Frequency: 450 Hz modulated with 25 Hz 1477 - 1 second on 1478 - 9 seconds off 1480 4.172. Zambia 1482 Code: zm 1483 Frequency: 425 Hz 1484 - 1 second on 1485 - 4 seconds off 1487 4.173. Zimbabwe 1489 Code: zw 1490 Frequency: 400 Hz modulated with 450 Hz 1491 - 0.4 seconds on 1492 - 0.2 seconds off 1493 - 0.4 seconds on 1494 - 2 seconds off 1496 5. Example Messages 1498 This section provides a collection of SIP messages which 1499 demonstrate the various uses of the "Country:" and "Ringback:" 1500 headers. 1502 5.1. Dual-Tone Ringback 1504 This is an example of how a message might look for a standard 1505 two-tone ringback. In this example, both a country code of "us" 1506 and the standard US ringtone are specified. 1508 SIP/2.0 180 Ringing 1509 To: 1510 From: ;tag=012345 1511 Call-ID: cmk2109fj@ws17.ericsson.se 1512 CSeq: 397 INVITE 1513 Via: SIP/2.0/UDP fw.ericsson.se 1514 Via: SIP/2.0/UDP ws17.ericsson.se 1515 Country: us 1516 Ringback: 440+480;2;4 1517 Content-Length: 0 1519 5.2. Modulated Ringback 1521 This is almost identical to the previous example, with the 1522 exception that Australian ringback is being provided. This 1523 demonstrates the syntax for modulated ringback tones. 1525 SIP/2.0 180 Ringing 1526 To: 1527 From: ;tag=34789a 1528 Call-ID: 13098jv@b04a24.ericsson.com 1529 CSeq: 32849 INVITE 1530 Via: SIP/2.0/UDP b04a24.ericsson.com 1531 Country: au 1532 Ringback: 400x17;0.4;0.2;0.4;2 1533 Content-Length: 0 1535 5.3. Continuous Ringtone 1537 Some localities provide an continuous ringtone, which indicates 1538 that there is no pause in the tone whatsoever. The suggested 1539 syntax for encoding such a ringtone is to provide an "off" period 1540 of 0. 1542 SIP/2.0 180 Ringing 1543 To: 1544 From: ;tag=39835afe 1545 Call-ID: ckn9q23k@b04a24.ericsson.com 1546 CSeq: 3249786 INVITE 1547 Via: SIP/2.0/UDP b04a24.ericsson.com 1548 Country: tz 1549 Ringback: 400;1;0 1550 Content-Length: 0 1552 5.4. No "Ringback" specified 1554 This is an example of a message which specifies no particular 1555 ringtone pattern. If the calling party client understands the 1556 country code of "gb," it will provide the proper ringback tone; 1557 otherwise, it will provide default handling. 1559 SIP/2.0 180 Ringing 1560 To: 1561 From: ;tag=1987 1562 Call-ID: 1358fjslk83la0@b04a24.ericsson.com 1563 CSeq: 985325 INVITE 1564 Via: SIP/2.0/UDP b04a24.ericsson.com 1565 Country: gb 1566 Content-Length: 0 1568 5.5. Special PBX double-ring ringback 1570 This message gives an example in which the default ringtone for 1571 the country should be overridden (e.g. because the call has 1572 terminated on a PBX). The "Country" header is still provided so 1573 that clients not implementing the "Ringback" header can still 1574 provided a regionalised dialtone. 1576 SIP/2.0 180 Ringing 1577 To: 1578 From: ;tag=012345 1579 Call-ID: cmk2109fj@ws17.ericsson.se 1580 CSeq: 397 INVITE 1581 Via: SIP/2.0/UDP fw.ericsson.se 1582 Via: SIP/2.0/UDP ws17.ericsson.se 1583 Country: us 1584 Ringback: 440+480;0.5;0.5;1;4 1585 Content-Length: 0 1587 5.6. Custom-defined ringback 1588 This message gives an example in which the specific ringback tone 1589 has been provided, but no country. Clients not implementing the 1590 "Ringback" header will treat this as a normal "Ringing" message. 1592 SIP/2.0 180 Ringing 1593 To: 1594 From: ;tag=012345 1595 Call-ID: cmk2109fj@ws17.ericsson.se 1596 CSeq: 397 INVITE 1597 Via: SIP/2.0/UDP fw.ericsson.se 1598 Via: SIP/2.0/UDP ws17.ericsson.se 1599 Ringback: 350;0.2;0.2;0.2;4 1600 Content-Length: 0 1602 6. References 1604 [1] M. Handley/H. Schulzrinne/E. Schooler/J. Rosenberg, "SIP: 1605 Session Initiation Protocol", RFC 2543, IETF; March 1999. 1607 [2] "Root-Zone Whois Information," 1608 http://www.iana.org/cctld/cctld-whois.htm, IANA. 1610 [3] "Codes for the Representation of Names of Countries," ISO 1611 3166, ISO; 1993 1613 [4] "Technical Characteristics of Tones for the Telephone 1614 Service," ITU-T E.180, ITU; 1993 1616 [5] "Various Tones Used in National Networks," ITU-T E.180 1617 Suppliment 2, ITU; January 1994 1619 [6] J. Rosenberg/H. Schulzrinne, "Reliability of Provisional 1620 Responses in SIP," draft-ietf-sip-100rel-02.txt, IETF; June 1621 2000. Work in progress. 1623 7. Security Considerations 1625 Note that user location (including information as broad as 1626 "country") may be considered private information. As such, the 1627 user should have direct control over the presence and value of 1628 the "Country:" header. 1630 8. Author's Address 1632 Adam Roach 1633 Ericsson Inc. 1634 Mailstop L-04 1635 851 International Pkwy. 1636 Richardson, TX 75081 1637 USA 1638 Phone: +1 972-583-7594 1639 Fax: 972-669-0154 1640 E-Mail: adam.roach@ericsson.com