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Zha 2 Internet Draft Huawei Technologies 3 Intended status: Informational 4 Expires: January 2016 6 July 1, 2015 8 Deterministic Networking Use Case in Mobile Network 9 draft-zha-detnet-use-case-00 11 Abstract 13 This document describes some high level use cases and scenarios 14 with requirements on delay sensitive and deterministic networking. 15 Not only the telecom industry but also vertical industries have 16 been investigated. In addition to the 5G networking, industrial 17 automation, automotive industry, media and gaming industry are 18 typical related industries believed to be representative for the 19 technical requirements on ultra-fast and ultra-reliability 20 communications. 22 Status of this Memo 24 This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the 25 provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. 27 Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering 28 Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that 29 other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet- 30 Drafts. 32 Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six 33 months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other 34 documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts 35 as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in 36 progress." 38 The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at 39 http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt 41 The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at 42 http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html 44 This Internet-Draft will expire on January 1, 2016. 46 Copyright Notice 48 Copyright (c) 2014 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the 49 document authors. All rights reserved. 51 This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal 52 Provisions Relating to IETF Documents 53 (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of 54 publication of this document. Please review these documents 55 carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with 56 respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this 57 document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in 58 Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without 59 warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. 61 Table of Contents 63 1. Introduction .................................................2 64 2. Conventions used in this document ............................3 65 3. Critical Delay Requirements ..................................4 66 4. Coordinated multipoint processing (CoMP) .....................5 67 4.1. CoMP Architecture .......................................5 68 4.2. Delay Sensitivity in CoMP ...............................6 69 5. Industrial Automation ........................................6 70 6. Vehicle to Vehicle ...........................................7 71 7. Gaming, Media and Virtual Reality ............................7 72 8. Security Considerations ......................................8 73 9. IANA Considerations ..........................................8 74 10. Acknowledgments .............................................8 75 11. References ..................................................8 76 11.1. Normative References ...................................8 77 11.2. Informative References .................................8 79 1. Introduction 81 The rapid growth of the today's communication system and its 82 access into almost all aspects of daily life has led to great 83 dependency on services it provides. The communication network, as 84 it is today, has applications such as multimedia and peer-to-peer 85 file sharing distribution that require Quality of Service (QoS) 86 guarantees in terms of delay and jitter to maintain a certain 87 level of performance. Meanwhile, mobile wireless communications 88 has become an important part to support modern sociality with 89 increasing importance over the last years. A communication network 90 of hard real-time and high reliability is essential for the next 91 concurrent and next generation mobile wireless networks as well as 92 its bearer network for E-2-E performance requirements. 94 Conventional transport network is IP-based because of the 95 bandwidth and cost requirements. However the delay and jitter 96 guarantee becomes a challenge in case of contention since the 97 service here is not deterministic but best effort. With more and 98 more rigid demand in latency control in the future network [METIS], 99 deterministic networking [I-D.finn-detnet-architecture] is a 100 promising solution to meet the ultra low delay applications and 101 use cases. There are already typical issues for delay sensitive 102 networking requirements in midhaul and backhaul network to support 103 LTE and future 5G network [5G]. And not only in the telecom 104 industry but also other vertical industry has increasing demand on 105 delay sensitive communications as the automation becomes critical 106 recently. 108 More specifically, CoMP techniques, D-2-D, industrial automation 109 and gaming/media service all have great dependency on the low 110 delay communications as well as high reliability to guarantee the 111 service performance. Note that the deterministic networking is not 112 equal to low latency as it is more focused on the worst case delay 113 bound of the duration of certain application or service. It can be 114 argued that without high certainty and absolute delay guarantee, 115 low delay provisioning is just relative [RFC3393], which is not 116 sufficient to some delay critical service since delay violation in 117 an instance cannot be tolerated. Overall, the requirements from 118 vertical industries seem to be well aligned with the expected low 119 latency and high determinist performance of future networks 121 This document describes several use cases and scenarios with 122 requirements on deterministic delay guarantee within the scope of 123 the deterministic network [I-D.finn-detnet-problem-statement]. 125 2. Conventions used in this document 127 The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", 128 "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in 129 this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119]. In 130 this document, these words will appear with that interpretation 131 only when in ALL CAPS. Lower case uses of these words are not to 132 be interpreted as carrying [RFC2119] significance. 134 3. Critical Delay Requirements 136 Delay and jitter requirement has been take into account as a major 137 component in QoS provisioning since the birth of Internet. The 138 delay sensitive networking with increasing importance become the 139 root of mobile wireless communications as well as the applicable 140 areas which are all greatly relied on low delay communications. 141 Due to the best effort feature of the IP networking, mitigate 142 contention and buffering is the main solution to serve the delay 143 sensitive service. More bandwidth is assigned to keep the link low 144 loaded or in another word, reduce the probability of congestion. 145 However, not only lack of determinist but also has limitation to 146 serve the applications in the future communication system, keeping 147 low loaded cannot provide deterministic delay guarantee. 149 Take the [METIS] that documents the fundamental challenges as well 150 as overall technical goal of the 5G mobile and wireless system as 151 the starting point. It should supports: 153 -1000 times higher mobile data volume per area, 155 -10 times to 100 times higher typical user data rate, 157 -10 times to 100 times higher number of connected devices, 159 -10 times longer battery life for low power devices, and 161 -5 times reduced End-to-End (E2E) latency, 163 at similar cost and energy consumption levels as today's system. 164 Taking part of these requirements related to latency, current LTE 165 networking system has E2E latency less than 20ms [LTE-Latency] 166 which leads to around 5ms E2E latency for 5G networks. It has been 167 argued that fulfill such rigid latency demand with similar cost 168 will be most challenging as the system also requires 100 times 169 bandwidth as well as 100 times of connected devices. As a result 170 to that, simply adding redundant bandwidth provisioning can be no 171 longer an efficient solution due to the high bandwidth 172 requirements more than ever before. In addition to the bandwidth 173 provisioning, the critical flow within its reserved resource 174 should not be affected by other flows no matter the pressure of 175 the network. Robust defense of critical flow is also not depended 176 on redundant bandwidth allocation. 178 Deterministic networking techniques in both layer-2 and layer-3 179 using IETF protocol solutions can be promising to serve these 180 scenarios. 182 4. Coordinated multipoint processing (CoMP) 184 In the wireless communication system, Coordinated multipoint 185 processing (CoMP) is considered as an effective technique to solve 186 the inter-cell interference problem to improve the cell-edge user 187 throughput [CoMP]. 189 4.1. CoMP Architecture 191 +--------------------------+ 192 | CoMP | 193 +--+--------------------+--+ 194 | | 195 +----------+ +------------+ 196 | Uplink | | Downlink | 197 +-----+----+ +--------+---+ 198 | | 199 ------------------- ----------------------- 200 | | | | | | 201 +---------+ +----+ +-----+ +------------+ +-----+ +-----+ 202 | Joint | | CS | | DPS | | Joint | | CS/ | | DPS | 203 |Reception| | | | | |Transmission| | CB | | | 204 +---------+ +----+ +-----+ +------------+ +-----+ +-----+ 205 | | 206 |----------- |------------- 207 | | | | 208 +------------+ +---------+ +----------+ +------------+ 209 | Joint | | Soft | | Coherent | | Non- | 210 |Equalization| |Combining| | JT | | Coherent JT| 211 +------------+ +---------+ +----------+ +------------+ 213 Figure 1: Framework of CoMP Technology 215 As shown in figure 1, CoMP reception and transmission is a 216 framework that multiple geographically distributed antenna nodes 217 cooperate to improve the performance of the users served in the 218 common cooperation area. The design principal of CoMP is to extend 219 the current single-cell to multi-UEs transmission to a multi-cell- 220 to-multi-UEs transmission by base station cooperation. In contrast 221 to single-cell scenario, CoMP has critical issues such as: 222 Backhaul latency, CSI (Channel State Information) reporting and 223 accuracy and Network complexity. Clearly the first two 224 requirements are very much delay sensitive and will be discussed 225 in next section. 227 4.2. Delay Sensitivity in CoMP 229 As the essential feature of CoMP, signaling is exchanged between 230 eNBs, the backhaul latency is the dominating limitation of the 231 CoMP performance. Generally, JT and JP may benefit from 232 coordinating the scheduling (distributed or centralized) of 233 different cells in case that the signaling exchanging between eNBs 234 is limited to 4-10ms. For C-RAN the backhaul latency requirement 235 is 250us while for D-RAN it is 4-15ms. And this delay requirement 236 is not only rigid but also absolute since any uncertainty in delay 237 will down the performance significantly. Note that, some 238 operator's transport network is not build to support Layer-3 239 transfer in aggregation layer. In such case, the signaling is 240 exchanged through EPC which means delay is supposed to be larger. 242 CoMP has high requirement on delay and reliability which is lack 243 by current mobile network systems and may impact the architecture 244 of the mobile network. 246 5. Industrial Automation 248 Traditional "industrial automation" terminology usually refers to 249 automation of manufacturing, quality control and material 250 processing. "Industrial internet" and "industrial 4.0" [EA12] is 251 becoming a hot topic based on the Internet of Things. This high 252 flexible and dynamic engineering and manufacturing will result in 253 a lot of so-called smart approaches such as Smart Factory, Smart 254 Products, Smart Mobility, and Smart Home/Buildings. No doubt that 255 ultra high reliability and robustness is a must in data 256 transmission, especially in the closed loop automation control 257 application where delay requirement is below 1ms and packet loss 258 less than 10E-9. All these critical requirements on both latency 259 and loss cannot be fulfilled by current 4G communication networks. 260 Moreover, the collaboration of the industrial automation from 261 remote campus with cellular and fixed network has to be built on 262 an integrated, cloud-based platform. In this way, the 263 deterministic flows should be guaranteed regardless of the amount 264 of other flows in the network. The lack of this mechanism becomes 265 the main obstacle in deployment on of industrial automation. 267 6. Vehicle to Vehicle 269 V2V communication has gained more and more attention in the last 270 few years and will be increasingly growth in the future. Not only 271 equipped with direct communication system which is short ranged, 272 V2V communication also requires wireless cellular networks to 273 cover wide range and more sophisticated services. V2V application 274 in the area autonomous driving has very stringent requirements of 275 latency and reliability. It is critical that the timely arrival of 276 information for safety issues. In addition, due to the limitation 277 of processing of individual vehicle, passing information to the 278 cloud can provide more functions such as video processing, audio 279 recognition or navigation systems. All of those requirements lead 280 to a highly reliable connectivity to the cloud. On the other hand, 281 it is natural that the provisioning of low latency communication 282 is one of the main challenges to be overcome as a result of the 283 high mobility, the high penetration losses caused by the vehicle 284 itself. As result of that, the data transmission with latency 285 below 5ms and a high reliability of PER below 10E-6 are demanded. 286 It can benefit from the deployment of deterministic networking 287 with high reliability. 289 7. Gaming, Media and Virtual Reality 291 Online gaming and cloud gaming is dominating the gaming market 292 since it allow multiple players to play together with more 293 challenging and competing. Connected via current internet, the 294 latency can be a big issue to degrade the end users' experience. 295 There different types of games and FPS (First Person Shooting) 296 gaming has been considered to be the most latency sensitive online 297 gaming due to the high requirements of timing precision and 298 computing of moving target. Virtual reality is also receiving more 299 interests than ever before as a novel gaming experience. The delay 300 here can be very critical to the interacting in the virtual world. 301 Disagreement between what is seeing and what is feeling can cause 302 motion sickness and affect what happens in the game. Supporting 303 fast, real-time and reliable communications in both PHY/MAC layer, 304 network layer and application layer is main bottleneck for such 305 use case. 307 The media content delivery has been and will become even more 308 important use of Internet. Not only high bandwidth demand but also 309 critical delay and jitter requirements have to be taken into 310 account to meet the user demand. To make the smoothness of the 311 video and audio, delay and jitter has to be guaranteed to avoid 312 possible interruption which is the killer of all online media on 313 demand service. Now with 4K and 8K video in the near future, the 314 delay guarantee become one of the most challenging issue than ever 315 before. 4K/8K UHD video service requires 6Gbps-100Gbps for 316 uncompressed video and compressed video starting from 60Mbps. The 317 delay requirement is 100ms while some specific interactive 318 applications may require 10ms delay [UHD-video]. 320 8. Security Considerations 322 TBD 324 9. IANA Considerations 326 This document has no actions for IANA. 328 10. Acknowledgments 330 This document has benefited from reviews, suggestions, comments 331 and proposed text provided by the following members, listed in 332 alphabetical order: Jing Huang, Junru Lin, Lehong Niu and Oilver 333 Huang. 335 11. References 337 11.1. Normative References 339 [RFC2119] S. Bradner, "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate 340 Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. 342 [RFC3393] C. Demichelis, "IP Packet Delay Variation Metric for IP 343 Performance Metrics (IPPM) ", RFC 3393, Novermber 2002. 345 11.2. Informative References 347 [I-D.finn-detnet-problem-statement] 348 Finn, N. and P. Thubert, "Deterministic Networking Problem 349 Statement", draft-finn-detnet-problem-statement-01 (work in 350 progress), October 2014. 352 [I-D.finn-detnet-architecture] 354 Finn, N., Thubert, P., and M. Teener, "Deterministic Networking 355 Architecture", draft-finn-detnet-architecture-01 (work in 356 progress), March 2015. 358 [METIS] METIS Document Number: ICT-317669-METIS/D1.1, Scenarios, 359 requirements and KPIs for 5G mobile and wireless system, April 29, 360 2013. Available on line at: 363 [5G] Ericsson white paper, "5G Radio Access, Challenges for 2020 364 and Beyond." June 2013. Available at: 365 367 [CoMP] NGMN Alliance, "RAN EVOLUTION PROJECT COMP EVALUATION AND 368 ENHANCEMENT ", MARCH 2015, 369 372 [LTE-Latency]Samuel Johnston, "LTE Latency: How does it compare to 373 other technologies?" report of OpenSignal March 10, 2014. 374 377 [EA12] P. C. Evans, M. Annunziata, "Industrial Internet: Pushing the 378 Boundaries of Minds and Machines", General Electric White paper, 379 November 2012. 381 [UHD-video] Petr Holub, "Ultra-High Definition Videos and Their 382 Applications over the Network", The 7th International Symposium on 383 VICTORIES Project, OCTOBER 8, 2014. 386 Authors' Addresses 388 Yiyong Zha 389 Huawei Technologies 390 Email: zhayiyong@huawei.com